Intelligence System Virtual Machine

This is a playground of assembly language Inspired by TIS-100 minimalistic Architecture

0. Table Of Contents

• 1. Registers
  • 1.0. ACC | Accumulator
  • 1.1. BAK | Backup
  • 1.2. GPR | General Purpose Register
  • 1.3. DSP | Display Interface
  • 1.4. STC | Stack Counter
  • 1.5. PRC
• 2. Labels
• 3. Instruction Set
  • 3.0. NOP
  • 3.1. MOV
  • 3.2. PUSH
  • 3.3. POP
  • 3.4. SWP
  • 3.5. SAV
  • 3.6. ADD
  • 3.7. SUB
  • 3.8. NEG
  • 3.9. NOT
  • 3.10. AND
  • 3.11. OR
  • 3.12. XOR
  • 3.13. NAND
  • 3.14. NOR
  • 3.15. XNOR
  • 3.16. SHR
  • 3.17. SHL
  • 3.18. JMP
  • 3.19. JEZ
  • 3.20. JNZ
  • 3.21. JGZ
  • 3.22. JLZ
  • 3.23. JRO
  • 3.24. HALT
• 3. Stack Memory
• 4. Display

1. Registers

1.0. ACC | Accumulator

The main registers for all operations

Examples

MOV     ACC     GPR     # Copy Values from ACC to GPR
PUSH    ACC             # Copy Values from ACC and Push it to stack memory
POP                     # Take value from stack memory and put it to ACC
SWP                     # Swap the value of ACC <> BAK

1.1. BAK | Backup

Usually for storing temporary values

Warning: Directly Inaccessible, can only be accessed via SWP instruction

Examples

SWP     # Swap the value of ACC <> BAK, store the value of ACC to BAK, while
        # simultaneously send the initial value of BAK to ACC

SAV     # Copy the value from ACC to BAK

1.2. GPR | General Purpose Register

Self-described, can be accessed like ACC but will not change except wanted to

Examples

MOV     ACC     GPR     # Copy Values from ACC to GPR
MOV     GPR     ACC     # Copy Values from GPR to ACC
PUSH    GPR             # Copy Values from GPR and Push it to stack memory

1.3. DSP | Display Interface

Interface to interact with display device, can be manipulated like ACC

Examples

# Assume this is the first time we are manipulating DSP register
MOV     0x00ff      DSP     # 1st Value: coordinate 255 from the top left of the display
MOV     0x00ff      DSP     # 2nd Value: Red value
MOV     0x00ff      DSP     # 3nd Value: Green value
MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 4th Value: Blue value

# this 4 sequence of writing to DSP means:
#   show Yellow pixel -- since RGB is (255, 255, 0) -- at column 255, row 0 of the display

1.4. STC | Stack Counter

Represent how many elements currently exist in the Stack Memory, cannot be manipulated can only be read

Examples

MOV     STC     ACC     # Copy Values from STC to ACC

1.5. PRC

Represent which line of program are currently being executed, cannot be manipulated can only be read

Examples

MOV     PRC     ACC     # Copy Values from STC to ACC

2. Labels

3. Instruction Set

3.0. NOP

No Operation, literally does nothing, usually for pad a single instruction

3.1. MOV

Register Manipulation, copy data from one place to another

MOV     <SRC>       <DST>

• SRC: the source of data to copy from, will not change after operation
• DST: the destination, the data copied from SRC will be stored here

3.2. PUSH

Copy a value from one place to stack memory

PUSH    <SRC>

• SRC: the source of data to copy from and push into the stack

3.3. POP

Getting a value and remove it from stack to ACC

PUSH

3.4. SWP

Swap value of ACC and BAK

SWP

3.5. SAV

Saving value from ACC to BAK

SAV

3.6. ADD

Add value from Source to ACC

ADD     <SRC>

This means ACC = ACC + SRC

3.7. SUB

Subtract value from Source to ACC

SUB     <SRC>

This means ACC = ACC - SRC

3.8. NEG

Negate value of ACC

NEG     <SRC>

This means ACC = -ACC or ACC = ACC * -1

3.9. NOT

Invert ACC

NOT

This means ACC = ~ACC

3.10. AND

Logical And between SRC and ACC

AND     <SRC>

This means ACC = SRC & ACC

3.11. OR

Logical Or between SRC and ACC

OR     <SRC>

This means ACC = SRC | ACC

3.12. XOR

Logical Exclusive-Or between SRC and ACC

XOR     <SRC>

This means ACC = SRC ^ ACC

3.13. NAND

Logical Not-And between SRC and ACC

NAND     <SRC>

This means ACC = ~(SRC & ACC)

3.14. NOR

Logical Not-Or between SRC and ACC

NOR     <SRC>

This means ACC = ~(SRC | ACC)

3.15. XNOR

Logical Not-Exclusive-Or between SRC and ACC

XNOR     <SRC>

This means ACC = ~(SRC ^ ACC)

3.16. SHR

Logical Shift-Right ACC with SRC amount

SHR     <SRC>

This means ACC = ACC >> SRC

3.17. SHL

Logical Shift-Left ACC with SRC amount

SHL     <SRC>

This means ACC = SRC << ACC

3.18. JMP

Jump to a label unconditionally

JMP     <LABEL>

3.19. JEZ

Jump to a label if ACC is Zero

JEZ     <LABEL>

3.20. JNZ

Jump to a label if ACC is Not Zero

JNZ     <LABEL>

3.21. JGZ

Jump to a label if ACC is Greater than Zero

JGZ     <LABEL>

3.22. JLZ

Jump to a label if ACC is Less than Zero

JLZ     <LABEL>

3.23. JRO

Jump to an instruction with and OFFSET

JRO     <OFFSET>

3.24. HALT

Halt the program, stop executing

HALT

3. Stack Memory

• have maximum address of 0xFFFF, and the stack pointer is 0x0000
• 0x0000 is the top of the stack, and 0xFFFF is the bottom of the stack
• 0x0000 is the first element of the stack, and 0xFFFF is the last element of the stack
• PUSH operation will put the value to the top of the stack
• POP operation will put the value from the top of the stack to ACC
• STC register will show how many elements currently exist in the stack memory

4. Display

To interact with the display, you can use the DSP register, which is a special register that can be manipulated like ACC. The display is a 256x256 pixel display, and each pixel can be manipulated by writing to the DSP register.

however, the display is not a 2D array, but a 1D array of starting from 0x0000 through 0xFFFF.

0x0000 is the top left corner of the display, and 0xFFFF is the bottom right corner of the display

therefore, to write to display you need to write 4 times to the DSP register, which is:

• 1st Value: coordinate from the top left of the display
• 2nd Value: Red value
• 3nd Value: Green value
• 4th Value: Blue value

every 4 sequence of writing to DSP means the display will parse the input and show the pixel accordingly. with this kind of limitation, colloquially it is required to clean the sequences first before writing to the display, so that the display will not show the previous value.

this is some of the examples of how to clean up sequences:

_CLEAN_DSP:
        JMP     _CLEAN_DSP_1

_CLEAN_DSP_4:
        # Assume 4 sequence is written to DSP before this
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 1st Value: coordinate 0 from the top left of the display
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 2nd Value: Red value
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 3nd Value: Green value
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 4th Value: Blue value

_CLEAN_DSP_3:
        # Assume 3 sequence is written to DSP before this
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 4th Value: Blue value
        JMP     _CLEAN_DSP_4

_CLEAN_DSP_2:
        # Assume 2 sequence is written to DSP before this
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 3rd Value: Green value
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 4th Value: Blue value
        JMP     _CLEAN_DSP_3

_CLEAN_DSP_1:
        # Assume 1 sequence is written to DSP before this
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 2nd Value: Red value
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 3rd Value: Green value
        MOV     0x0000      DSP     # 4th Value: Blue value
        JMP     _CLEAN_DSP_2