C++ Module 05 – Repetition & Exceptions 🧾⚡️

✅ Status: Completed – all exercises
🏫 School: 42 – C++ Modules (Module 05)
🏅 Score: (100)/100

Bureaucrats, forms, abstract interfaces, and a lot of exceptions. Repetition, validation, and clean error handling.

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📚 Table of Contents

• Description

• Goals of the Module

• Exercises Overview

  • ex00 – Bureaucrat
  • ex01 – Forms
  • ex02 – AForm + Concrete Forms
  • ex03 – Intern

• Requirements

• Build & Run

• Repository Layout

• Testing Tips

• 42 Notes

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📝 Description

This repository contains my solutions to 42’s C++ Module 05 (C++98). The main focus is exceptions + repetition of OOP fundamentals through a small bureaucratic system:

• A Bureaucrat with a strict grade range (1 is highest, 150 is lowest)
• Forms that require specific grades to sign and execute
• An abstract base class (AForm) with concrete derived forms
• An Intern that creates forms by name (factory-like behavior)

All exercises are written in C++98 and compiled with strict flags.

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🎯 Goals of the Module

Concepts practiced in this module include:

• Designing classes in Orthodox Canonical Form (constructors, copy, assignment, destructor)
• Writing and using custom exceptions (GradeTooHighException, GradeTooLowException, etc.)
• Defensive checks + clear failure behavior via throw / try / catch
• Encapsulation (private attributes, getters)
• Abstract classes and polymorphism (AForm)
• Separating “validation” logic from “action” logic in execution flows
• Avoiding messy if/else chains by using cleaner patterns in Intern::makeForm()

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📦 Exercises Overview

ex00 – Bureaucrat

Goal: Implement a Bureaucrat class with:

• const std::string name

• int grade in range [1..150]

• Grade changes:

  • incrementGrade() (e.g., 3 → 2)
  • decrementGrade() (e.g., 3 → 4)

• Exceptions on invalid grade:

  • GradeTooHighException
  • GradeTooLowException

• operator<< output format:

  • <name>, bureaucrat grade <grade>.

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ex01 – Forms

Goal: Add a Form class containing:

• const std::string name
• bool isSigned (initially false)
• const int gradeToSign
• const int gradeToExecute

Key behavior:

• Form::beSigned(Bureaucrat const&) signs if grade is high enough

• Bureaucrat::signForm(Form&) prints success/failure message with reason

• Exceptions:

  • Form::GradeTooHighException
  • Form::GradeTooLowException

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ex02 – AForm + Concrete Forms

Goal: Turn Form into an abstract base class AForm and implement 3 concrete forms.

Concrete forms:

• ShrubberyCreationForm Required grades: sign 145, exec 137 Creates <target>_shrubbery and writes ASCII trees inside.

• RobotomyRequestForm Required grades: sign 72, exec 45 “Drilling noises” + 50% success robotomy.

• PresidentialPardonForm Required grades: sign 25, exec 5 Announces pardon “by Zaphod Beeblebrox”.

Also required:

• AForm::execute(Bureaucrat const& executor) const Must check:

  • form is signed
  • executor grade is high enough Otherwise throw appropriate exceptions.

• Bureaucrat::executeForm(AForm const&) prints success or explicit error.

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ex03 – Intern

Goal: Implement an Intern with:

• AForm* makeForm(std::string formName, std::string target)

• Creates and returns the correct form based on formName

• Prints:

  • Intern creates <form>

• If unknown form name:

  • print explicit error message

• No ugly giant if/else/else-if chain (clean mapping approach expected)

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🛠 Requirements

• Compiler: c++

• Flags: -Wall -Wextra -Werror (+ must still compile with -std=c++98)

• OS: Unix-like (Linux/macOS)

• No external libraries (no C++11, no Boost)

• Forbidden functions:

  • printf(), malloc(), free() (and similar)

• STL containers/algorithms are not allowed until later modules (08/09)

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▶️ Build & Run

Clone the repository and build each exercise separately:

git clone <this-repo-url>
cd cpp-module-05

ex00

cd ex00
make
./bureaucrat

ex01

cd ex01
make
./bureaucracy

ex02

cd ex02
make
./forms

ex03

cd ex03
make
./intern

Executable names may differ depending on implementation — check each Makefile.

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📂 Repository Layout

cpp-module-05/
├── ex00/
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── main.cpp
│   ├── Bureaucrat.hpp
│   └── Bureaucrat.cpp
│
├── ex01/
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── main.cpp
│   ├── Bureaucrat.hpp / Bureaucrat.cpp
│   ├── Form.hpp
│   └── Form.cpp
│
├── ex02/
│   ├── Makefile
│   ├── main.cpp
│   ├── Bureaucrat.hpp / Bureaucrat.cpp
│   ├── AForm.hpp / AForm.cpp
│   ├── ShrubberyCreationForm.hpp / .cpp
│   ├── RobotomyRequestForm.hpp / .cpp
│   └── PresidentialPardonForm.hpp / .cpp
│
└── ex03/
    ├── Makefile
    ├── main.cpp
    ├── Intern.hpp
    ├── Intern.cpp
    └── (all previous classes reused)

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🔍 Testing Tips

• Grades

  • Try constructing bureaucrats/forms with grades 0, 151, etc. → must throw.
  • Test boundary values: 1 and 150.

• Signing

  • A bureaucrat with insufficient grade must fail to sign and report why.
  • A sufficiently ranked bureaucrat must sign successfully.

• Execution

  • Executing an unsigned form must throw.
  • Executing with a too-low grade must throw.
  • Successful executions should print the expected messages and side effects.

• Robotomy

  • Run multiple times to confirm ~50% success behavior.

• Intern

  • Try valid names (e.g. "robotomy request") and invalid names → must show explicit error.

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🧾 42 Notes

• C++ modules don’t enforce Norminette style, but readability still matters.
• Makefile rules are still checked during evaluation (all/clean/fclean/re, no unnecessary relinking, explicit file listing, etc.).
• Don’t just “make it work”: during defense you may be asked to tweak behavior quickly, so keep your design clean and explainable.

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If you’re a 42 student working on the same module, feel free to explore the code, get inspired, but write your own implementation — that’s where the real learning happens. 🚀