Add Claude Code integration to Docker development environment

[safurrier]

Status: See below comment, this will remain an open PR for use as a template to clone from unless there is further desire to fully integrate Claude Code

Summary

Adds Claude Code CLI to the development container so developers can use AI assistance directly in their containerized environment, with full Podman/Docker compatibility.

Changes

Container Integration

• Added Node.js and Claude Code CLI to development Dockerfile
• Environment variable support for ANTHROPIC_API_KEY in docker-compose
• Works seamlessly with both Docker and Podman engines
• Integrated with the new container engine detection system

Developer Experience

• Simple setup: copy template.env, add API key, run make dev-env
• Two modes: interactive (with permission prompts) or autonomous (with --dangerously-skip-permissions)
• Works alongside existing development tools in the container
• Automatic container engine detection (Podman preferred, Docker fallback)

Documentation

• Updated README with Claude Code setup instructions
• Clear usage examples for both interaction modes
• Integration with container compatibility documentation

Compatibility

• ✅ Works with Docker and Podman
• ✅ Survives make init project restructuring
• ✅ Maintains existing container workflow
• ✅ No changes to core development commands

This keeps the 80/20 approach - just adding Claude as another dev tool rather than complex isolation setups, while leveraging the robust container compatibility infrastructure.

[safurrier]

📌 Branch Status: Optional Template Variant

This PR demonstrates Claude Code integration but will not be merged into the main template to keep the core template focused and lightweight.

Using This Variant

To use the template with Claude Code:

# Clone from this branch instead of main
git clone -b feat/add-claude-code-docker https://github.com/safurrier/python-collab-template.git my-project
cd my-project
make init

Key Benefits:

• ✅ Full Podman/Docker compatibility (rebased on latest main)
• ✅ AI-assisted development in containers
• ✅ All the robustness of the main template
• ✅ Regular rebases to stay current with main branch improvements

Maintenance Plan

• This branch will be periodically rebased against main to stay current
• Serves as a working example for AI tool integration
• May be merged in the future if there's sufficient demand

This approach keeps the main template clean while providing an "AI-enhanced" variant for those who want it.