Add S3 timeout parameters to ArrowCursor for role assumption support

[laughingman7743]

Summary

Adds connect_timeout and request_timeout parameters to ArrowCursor and AsyncArrowCursor to resolve timeout issues when using role assumption with STS or experiencing high latency to S3.

Problem

When using PyAthena's ArrowCursor with STS role assumption, S3 HeadObject operations can take longer than the default 3-second timeout, causing NETWORK_CONNECTION errors (issue #609). This is particularly problematic when:

• Using cross-account role assumption
• Connecting from regions far from the S3 bucket
• Experiencing network latency

Solution

This PR exposes PyArrow's S3FileSystem connect_timeout and request_timeout parameters through PyAthena's ArrowCursor API, allowing users to configure appropriate timeout values for their environment.

Changes

• ArrowCursor: Added connect_timeout and request_timeout parameters
• AsyncArrowCursor: Added connect_timeout and request_timeout parameters
• AthenaArrowResultSet: Updated to pass timeout parameters to PyArrow S3FileSystem
• PyArrow Version: Updated minimum version from 7.0.0 to 10.0.0 (timeout parameters require PyArrow >= 10.0.0)
• Documentation: Added comprehensive docstrings and new "S3 Timeout Configuration" section to Arrow docs
• Tests: Added unit tests for both int and float timeout values

Usage Example

from pyathena.arrow.cursor import ArrowCursor

# For environments with role assumption or high latency
cursor = connection.cursor(
    ArrowCursor,
    connect_timeout=10.0,  # Socket connection timeout (seconds)
    request_timeout=30.0   # Request timeout (seconds)
)

cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM my_table")
table = cursor.as_arrow()

Default Behavior

When timeout parameters are not specified (None), PyArrow uses AWS SDK defaults:

• connect_timeout: ~1 second
• request_timeout: ~3 seconds

Version Requirements

Important: This feature requires PyArrow >= 10.0.0, which added support for S3FileSystem timeout configuration (ARROW-16521). The minimum PyArrow version has been updated from 7.0.0 to 10.0.0 in:

• pyproject.toml (both arrow extra and dev dependencies)
• README.rst

Testing

• ✅ All code quality checks pass (ruff, mypy)
• ✅ New tests for timeout parameters (int and float values)
• ✅ All 38 existing ArrowCursor tests pass (backward compatibility confirmed)

Related Issues

Fixes #609

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