GraphGPT

GraphGPT is a new machine-learning model tailored for educational purposes emphasizing intuition, logic, and visual presentation. Read the paper here (link will be added shortly). In this README.md file, I will be going over specific details that weren't mentioned in the paper if you would like to learn more about how GraphGPT works.

Abstract

In this work, we introduce GraphGPT, a novel machine-learning approach designed for intuitive, logical, and visual education. GraphGPT is inspired by the observation that scientific graphs help learners visualize concepts, while causal graphs enhance the logic of responses. By combining the masked prediction capabilities of GPT with transform prediction using causal graphs, we can improve explanation accuracy. GraphGPT generates logical steps alongside diagrams, significantly enhancing intuition and visual presentation compared to ChatGPT. Experimental results show that GraphGPT outperforms ChatGPT by 25% in accuracy for multiple-choice questions. Furthermore, a vast majority of participants in the subjective tests confirmed that GraphGPT surpasses ChatGPT in all four evaluation categories. Many highlighted the diagrams and graphical explanations as key factors, giving GraphGPT a notable intuitive advantage.

Why GraphGPT over Text-Based GPTs?

Many students learn better in a classroom with a teacher explaining or even with a peer tutor than at home, reading a textbook. Why? This is because when someone is taught a topic in person, they are learning it intuitively and often visually, on a whiteboard. Modern AI technologies such as ChatGPT cannot accomplish this as they are a text model. However, ChaGPT understands the struggles of students learning intuitively and bridges this gap in AI Education.

Learning with graphs and diagrams offers countless advantages such as

• Graphs never lie. Sometimes, your intuition or logic might not be the answer.
• Graphs are memorable. During a timed test, its much easier to draw one graph and shift the lines than going through each step, and even risk making silly mistakes.
• Graphs are intuitive. Often, definitions or relationships might not make sense for a student new to the subject. However, with graphs, its much more straightforward.
• Visual Learning. Many students are visual learners and would prefer to "see" concepts in front of them

💰 Macroeconomics (Example of GraphGPT)

Credits to Alex Chen for helping me with this

Macroeconomics is a social science that studies the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy of a country as a whole.

There are 6 key graphs in Macroeconomics:

• Supply & Demand
• PPC (Production Possibilities Curve)
• AD/AS (Aggregate-Demand/Aggregate-Supply)
• Philips Curve
• Money Market
• Loanable Funds

Key Formulas

• $AD = C+I+G+X$
• $r = nIR - eIR$

Variables

Symbol	Meaning
S	Supply
D	Demand
C	Consumer Spending
I	Investment Spending
G	Government Spending
X	Exports
M	Imports
NX	Net Exports
AD	Aggregate Demand
AS	Aggregate Supply
PL	Price Level
Y	Output
SRPC	Short Run Philips Curve
U	Unemployment
Inf	Inflation
MS	Money Supply
DR	Discount Rate
IoR	Interest on Reserve
r	Interest Rate
nIR	Nominal Interest Rate
rIR	Real Interest Rte
SLF	Supply of Loanable Funds
DLF	Demand of Loanable Funds
QLF	Quantity of Loanable Funds
Q$	Quantity of Money

Macroeconomics Causal Graph

graph TD
    S --> P
    S --> Q
    D --> P
    D --> Q
    C --> AD
    I --> AD
    G --> AD
    NX --> AD
    M --> NX
    X-->NX
    AD-->Y
    AD-->PL
    AS-->Y
    AS-->PL
    AS-->SRPC
    SRPC-->AS
    AD-->U
    AD-->Inf
    Inf-->PL
    PL-->Inf
    Y-->U
    U-->Y
    SelfAdjustment --> AS
    Fiscal-->Tax
    Fiscal-->G
    Monetary-->Bonds
    Bonds-->MS
    Monetary-->DR
    Monetary-->RR
    DR-->r
    RR-->r
    Tax-->C
    PPC-->LRAS
    LRAS-->PPC
    LRPC-->LRAS
    LRAS-->LRPC
    PPC-->LRPC
    LRPC-->PPC
    I --> Growth
    Growth-->LRAS
    MS-->nIR
    MS-->Q$
    MD-->nIR
    MD-->Q$
    SLF-->rIR
    SLF-->QLF
    DLF-->rIR
    DLF-->QLF
    IOR-->r
    nIR-->r
    rIR-->r
    r-->I
    LRAS --> SelfAdjustment
    SelfAdjustment --> AS
    Wages--> PL
    r --> Appreciation
    r --> Depreciation
    PL --> Appreciation
    PL --> Depreciation
    Appreciation --> NX
    Depreciation --> NX
    ForeignInvestment --> r

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Macroeconomics Graphs

PPC

The PPC shows tradeoffs and the opportunity cost between two goods.

Supply & Demand

The Supply/Demand graph relates “Price” to “Quantity,” where the intersection is the current Price and Quantity

AD/AS

AD/AS is a graph relating “Price Level” to “Real GDP” where the current “position” of the country is the intersection of AD and AS

Philips Curve

The Philips Curve is a graph relating "Unemployment" to "Inflation".

Money Market

The Philips Curve is a graph relating "Nominal Interest Rate" to "Quantity of Money".

Loanable Funds

The Philips Curve is a graph relating "Real Interest Rate" to "Quantity of Loanable Funds".

Questionaire

Questionaire is linked here.

Text-Processing and Rendering

List of Commands

Command	Operands
NEW	PPC, Supply/Demand, AD/AS, Philips, Money Market, Loanable Funds	Initiates new graph
LEFT	Demand, Supply, AD, AS, LRAS, SRPC, LRPC, MS, MD, SLF, DLF	Shifts a line leftwards
RIGHT	Demand, Supply, AD, AS, LRAS, SRPC, LRPC, MS, MD, SLF, DLF	Shifts a line rightwards
OUTWARDS	PPC	Equivalent to Right, used for PPC
INWARDS	PPC	Equivalent to Left, used for PPC
LEFTPOINT	Demand, Supply, AD, AS, LRAS, SRPC, LRPC, MS, MD, SLF, DLF	Shifts the equilibrium point leftwards
RIGHTPOINT	Demand, Supply, AD, AS, LRAS, SRPC, LRPC, MS, MD, SLF, DLF	Shifts the equilibrium point rightwards
UPPOINT	PPC	Same as RightPoint, used for PPC
DOWNPOINT	PPC	Same as LeftPoint, used for PPC
INCREASE	C, I, G, X, r, rIR, nIR, QLF, Q$, etc.	Indicates an increase in a Variable
DECREASE	C, I, G, X, r, rIR, nIR, QLF, Q$, etc.	Indicates an increase in a Variable
FISCALPOLICY	Increase Tax, Decrease Tax, Increase Spending, Decrease Spending	Shows any fiscal policy taken
MONETARYPOLICY	Increase IoR, Decrease IoR, Buy Bonds, Sell Bonds, Increase DR, Decrease DR	Shows any monetary policy taken
Anything Else	Anything	Treated text instructions

Macroeconomics Dataset Example Questions

At this time, I am unable to reveal the entire dataset but a significant amount will be listed below.

What happens to equilibrium quantity and price after an increase in demand?

[NEW "Supply/Demand"] We use a supply and demand model to model this question. [RIGHT "D"] [INCREASE "Price] [INCREASE "Quantity"] As a result of the shift, Price and Quantity both increase.

Further Applications to Various Subjects

🛒 Microeconomics

Graphs and Diagrams in Microeconomics include:

• Supply/Demand
• PPC (Possibilities Production Curve)
• International Trade with Tarrifs
• Perfect Competition
• Monopoly
• Natural Monopoly
• Monopolistic Competition
• Game Theory
• Labor Markets
• Monospony
• Externalities

⚡ Physics

Graphs in Physics include:

• Position-Time
• Velocity-Time
• Acceleration-Time
• Force-Time
• Force-Displacement

🧪 Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry
• Lewis Dot Structure

$\pi$ Algebra

• Polynomials
• Sinusoids
• Trigonometry

🌱 Biology

• Cell Diagrams
• Plant Diagrams
• Animal/HUman Body Diagrams

$\triangle$ Geometry

• Angle Chasing
• Similar Triangles
• Areas
• Volumes
• 3D Traversals

$\int$ Calculus

Concepts in Calculus that can be explained visually can be:

• Integration
  • Riemann Sums
• Differentiation
  • Relationship between multiple degrees of differentiation for the same function
  • Instantaneous Slope

🌍 History

• Timelines
• Flowcharts