build: modernize packaging metadata and CI/release workflows

[DamianCzajkowski]

Summary

• Replace legacy GitHub Actions workflows with a split test, build, prepare_release, and publish pipeline.
• Refresh pyproject.toml for modern packaging/tooling (dynamic versioning, updated dependencies, Hatch/Ty/Ruff/Pytest/Coverage config).
• Add changelog automation files (CHANGELOG.md, cliff.toml) and release-notes generation via git-cliff.

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