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A comprehensive collection of production-grade mobile system design patterns for building scalable, offline-first, and resilient mobile applications.

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Mobile System Design Patterns 📱

A comprehensive collection of production-grade mobile system design patterns for building scalable, offline-first, and resilient mobile applications. This repository serves as a technical reference for architecting complex mobile features with best practices for state management, caching, and real-time synchronization.


🎯 Purpose

This repository addresses the architectural challenges that mobile engineers face when building production applications. Each pattern focuses on:

  • Offline-first architecture with intelligent sync strategies
  • State management patterns using modern libraries (React Query, Redux, Zustand)
  • Real-time communication via WebSockets, Pusher, and Server-Sent Events
  • Performance optimization through caching, prefetching, and lazy loading
  • Data consistency with conflict resolution and optimistic updates

📚 System Design Patterns

Core Features

  • Secure token management with iOS Keychain / Android Keystore
  • Silent JWT rotation with refresh token flow
  • Biometric authentication (FaceID/TouchID)
  • Session persistence and multi-device support
  • Offline-first chat with message queuing
  • React Query infinite pagination for message history
  • File uploads with presigned URLs and progress tracking
  • Pusher-based real-time message delivery
  • Read receipts and delivery status
  • Personalized feed with ranking algorithms
  • Infinite scroll with viewport-aware loading
  • Optimistic UI for likes, comments, and reactions
  • Delta updates and pull-to-refresh
  • CDN-backed media delivery with progressive loading
  • Persistent cart across sessions and devices
  • Offline cart management with conflict resolution
  • Product catalog with infinite scroll
  • Inventory validation before checkout
  • Optimistic UI for cart operations
  • Multi-channel delivery (SMS, Email, Push, Voice, Slack)
  • Priority-based routing with escalation rules
  • Acknowledgment tracking and analytics
  • Geographic targeting and role-based distribution
  • Offline queuing for both senders and receivers
  • Real-time search with debouncing and caching
  • Recent searches and trending queries
  • Hybrid search (local + remote results)
  • Search analytics and personalization

Healthcare & Pharmacy

Specialized Features


🏗 Common Architectural Patterns

Offline-First Strategy

All patterns prioritize offline functionality with:

  • Local persistence using AsyncStorage, MMKV, or SQLite
  • Optimistic UI updates with automatic rollback on failure
  • Background sync queues for replaying failed operations
  • Conflict resolution strategies for concurrent modifications

Caching & Performance

  • React Query / TanStack Query for server state management
  • Stale-while-revalidate pattern for instant UX
  • Prefetching & pagination for seamless infinite scroll
  • CDN-backed media with progressive loading
  • Request deduplication and batching

Real-Time Synchronization

  • WebSocket connections for bi-directional communication
  • Pusher/PubSub for event-driven updates
  • Delta sync to minimize bandwidth usage
  • Reconnection handling with exponential backoff
  • Presence indicators and typing states

State Management

  • Redux for complex global state and offline queues
  • Zustand for lightweight atomic state
  • React Query for server state and caching
  • Local-first state with server reconciliation

🛠 Technology Stack

Each pattern leverages modern mobile development tools:

Layer Technologies
Framework React Native, Expo
State Management Redux, Zustand, React Query/TanStack Query
Data Persistence AsyncStorage, MMKV, WatermelonDB, SQLite
Real-Time WebSockets, Pusher, Server-Sent Events
Networking Axios, Fetch API, REST, GraphQL
Security iOS Keychain, Android Keystore, Biometric Auth
Media CDN, Progressive Loading, Image Caching

📐 Design Principles

1. Offline-First by Default

Every feature assumes network unreliability and maintains full functionality offline.

2. Optimistic UI

Immediate feedback to users with automatic rollback on server conflicts.

3. Performance-Conscious

Minimize battery drain, network usage, and memory footprint through intelligent caching and batching.

4. Scalable Architecture

Patterns designed to handle growth from MVP to millions of users.

5. Security & Privacy

Sensitive data encrypted at rest and in transit; compliance with GDPR, HIPAA, and TCPA where applicable.

6. Resilient Error Handling

Graceful degradation with user-friendly error states and automatic retry logic.


🚀 How to Use This Repository

  1. Browse by Feature: Each .md file contains a complete system design for a specific mobile feature
  2. Study the Patterns: Each design includes:
    • Functional and non-functional requirements
    • Caching and offline sync strategies
    • Data models (TypeScript interfaces)
    • API endpoint designs
    • Client-side implementation patterns
    • State management approaches
  3. Adapt to Your Stack: While examples use React Native, patterns are framework-agnostic
  4. Reference in Interviews: Use as preparation for mobile system design interviews

📖 Pattern Structure

Each system design document follows a consistent format:

  1. Requirements - Functional and non-functional specifications
  2. Caching, Offline & Sync Strategy - How to handle connectivity challenges
  3. Data Models - TypeScript interfaces for type-safe development
  4. API Endpoints - RESTful API design
  5. Client Implementation - State management and UI patterns
  6. Edge Cases - Common pitfalls and solutions

📝 License

This repository is provided as-is for educational and reference purposes.


🔗 Additional Resources


Built for mobile engineers who care about scalability, performance, and user experience. 🚀

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A comprehensive collection of production-grade mobile system design patterns for building scalable, offline-first, and resilient mobile applications.

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