bytecodec

Zero-dependency byte utilities for base64url, UTF-8 strings, JSON, and BufferSource helpers that behave the same in browsers and Node.

Highlights

• URL-safe base64 without padding; no external deps or bundler shims.
• UTF-8 encode/decode for Uint8Array, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, or number[].
• JSON helpers (JSON.stringify/parse + UTF-8) for payloads, tokens, and storage.
• BufferSource helper that returns a Uint8Array view (zero-copy for ArrayBuffer-backed inputs).
• Built on ES2015 typed arrays (Uint8Array/ArrayBuffer), widely available since 2015 across modern browsers; Node >=18 supported.
• Constant-time equals() for any supported byte input.
• generateNonce() helper for CSP headers, state parameters, and other integrity tokens (returns base64url).
• ESM-first, tree-shakeable, bundled TypeScript definitions, side-effect free.

Install

npm install bytecodec
# or
pnpm add bytecodec
# or
yarn add bytecodec

Quick start

import {
  toBase64UrlString,
  fromBase64UrlString,
  fromString,
  toString,
  toJSON, // bytes/string -> value
  fromJSON, // value -> bytes
  toCompressed, // gzip: bytes -> bytes (Promise)
  fromCompressed, // gzip: bytes -> bytes (Promise)
  concat, // join multiple byte sources
  toBufferSource, // ByteSource -> BufferSource (Uint8Array view)
  equals, // constant-time compare for any ByteSource
  generateNonce, // 32 random bytes as base64url
  Bytes, // optional class wrapper
} from "bytecodec";

// Base64URL
const payload = new Uint8Array([104, 101, 108, 108, 111]); // "hello"
const encoded = toBase64UrlString(payload); // aGVsbG8
const decoded = fromBase64UrlString(encoded); // Uint8Array [104, 101, 108, 108, 111]

// UTF-8 strings
const textBytes = fromString("caffe and rockets"); // Uint8Array
const text = toString(textBytes); // "caffe and rockets"

// JSON
const jsonBytes = fromJSON({ ok: true, count: 3 }); // Uint8Array
const obj = toJSON(jsonBytes); // { ok: true, count: 3 }
const objFromString = toJSON('{"ok":true,"count":3}'); // also works with a JSON string

// Gzip (bytes in/out)
const compressed = await toCompressed(textBytes);
const restored = await fromCompressed(compressed);

// Concatenate
const joined = concat([textBytes, [33, 34]]); // Uint8Array [..textBytes, 33, 34]

// BufferSource (zero-copy view)
const view = payload.subarray(1, 4);
const bufferSource = toBufferSource(view); // Uint8Array view (shared buffer)

// Constant-time compare
const isSame = equals(joined, concat([textBytes, [33, 34]])); // true

// Nonce (separate helper; base64url string is easiest to store/compare/transport)
const nonce = generateNonce(); // e.g. "Pi4xkVRsUUTqlV5Av8IYhlB3WfACjh9zdLe5KHF1mzE"

// Wrapper mirrors the same methods (value -> bytes via fromJSON, bytes -> value via toJSON)
Bytes.toBase64UrlString(payload);
Bytes.fromBase64UrlString(encoded);
Bytes.fromString("text");
Bytes.toString(textBytes);
Bytes.fromJSON({ ok: true });
Bytes.toJSON(jsonBytes); // or Bytes.toJSON('{"ok":true}')
await Bytes.toCompressed(payload);
await Bytes.fromCompressed(compressed);
Bytes.concat([payload, [1, 2, 3]]);
Bytes.toBufferSource(payload);
Bytes.equals(payload, Uint8Array.from(payload));

API snapshot

• toBase64UrlString(bytes: ByteSource): Base64URLString - RFC 4648 base64url encoding (no padding).
• fromBase64UrlString(base64UrlString: Base64URLString): Uint8Array - decode with length validation.
• fromString(text: string): Uint8Array - UTF-8 encode.
• toString(bytes: ByteSource): string - UTF-8 decode.
• toJSON(input: ByteSource | string): any - UTF-8 decode + JSON.parse (bytes or JSON string -> value).
• fromJSON(value: any): Uint8Array - JSON.stringify + UTF-8 encode (value -> bytes).
• toCompressed(bytes: ByteSource): Promise<Uint8Array> - gzip compress bytes (Node zlib or browser CompressionStream).
• fromCompressed(bytes: ByteSource): Promise<Uint8Array> - gzip decompress bytes (Node zlib or browser DecompressionStream).
• concat(sources: ByteSource[]): Uint8Array - normalize and join multiple byte sources into one Uint8Array.
• toBufferSource(bytes: ByteSource): BufferSource - normalize to a Uint8Array view (zero-copy for ArrayBuffer-backed inputs).
• equals(a: ByteSource, b: ByteSource): boolean - timing-safe equality check for any supported byte inputs.
• generateNonce(): Base64URLString - 32 random bytes encoded as base64url; ready for CSP headers, OAuth state, CSRF tokens, or any transport/storage-friendly nonce.
• Bytes - class wrapper exposing the same static methods above (including toBufferSource and equals; generateNonce stays a standalone helper).

Types

type ByteSource = Uint8Array | ArrayBuffer | ArrayBufferView | number[];

Base64URLString and BufferSource are built-in DOM types in TypeScript.

Runtime behavior

• Node: uses Buffer.from for base64/UTF-8.
• Browsers/edge runtimes: uses TextEncoder/TextDecoder and btoa/atob.
• Throws clear errors when the host cannot encode/decode.

Testing

npm test
# or
npm run build && node test.js

Benchmarks

node benchmark/bench.js on Node v22.14.0 (win32 x64). Results vary by machine.

Benchmark	Result
base64 encode	239,369 ops/s (208.9 ms)
base64 decode	652,390 ops/s (76.6 ms)
utf8 roundtrip	1,078,309 ops/s (46.4 ms)
json roundtrip	316,316 ops/s (63.2 ms)
concat 3 buffers	863,609 ops/s (57.9 ms)
equals same	5,601,064 ops/s (35.7 ms)
equals diff	1,503,392 ops/s (133.0 ms)
gzip roundtrip	6,728 ops/s (59.5 ms)

License

MIT