Useful Linux Commands and Tips

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How to Transfer Files from Windows to Linux using SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)

1. Open a terminal on your Linux machine.
2. Copy a file from Windows to Linux:

   scp /path/to/local/file username@linux_host:/path/to/remote/directory

• /path/to/local/file – path to the file on Windows
• username – your Linux user
• linux_host – IP or hostname of the Linux machine
• /path/to/remote/directory – destination folder on Linux

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Creating a Python Virtual Environment (venv) in Linux

1. Open a terminal.

2. Install the venv package (if needed):

   sudo apt install python3-venv

3. Navigate to your project directory.

4. Create the virtual environment:

   python3 -m venv myenv

   Change myenv to whatever name you like.

5. Activate it:

   source myenv/bin/activate

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How to create a requirements.txt file in Linux

1. Open a terminal.

2. Navigate to your project directory.

3. Activate your virtual environment if you have one:

   source myenv/bin/activate

   Replace myenv with your virtual environment name.

4. Run the following command to create a requirements.txt file:

   pip freeze > requirements.txt

   This will list all installed packages and their versions in the current environment.

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How to install packages from requirements.txt in Linux

1. Open a terminal.

2. Navigate to your project directory.

3. Activate your virtual environment if you have one:

   source myenv/bin/activate

   Replace myenv with your virtual environment name.

4. Ensure you have a requirements.txt file in your project directory.

   If you don't have one, you can create it using the previous section's instructions.

5. Run the following command:

   pip install -r requirements.txt

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How to run a Python Script in Linux

1. Open a terminal.

   Ensure you have activated your virtual environment if you are using one.

2. Navigate to the directory containing your script.

3. Run the script using Python 3:

   python3 script_name.py

   Replace script_name.py with the name of your Python script.

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How to run a Python Script and keep it running in the background

1. Open a terminal.

   Ensure you have activated your virtual environment if you are using one.

2. Navigate to the directory containing your script.

3. Run the script in the background:

   nohup python3 script_name.py &

   Replace script_name.py with your script's name.

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How to see the output of a Python script running in the background

1. Open a terminal.

2. Navigate to the directory where you ran the script.

3. Check the output file:

   cat nohup.out

   This file contains the output of your script.

4. If you want to see the output in real-time, you can use:

   tail -f nohup.out

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Finding a Process ID (PID) in Linux

1. Open a terminal.

2. List running processes:

   ps aux

3. Locate your process and note its PID (second column).

4. Or search directly:

   pgrep process_name

   Replace process_name with the process you’re looking for.

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How to Kill a Process in Linux using PID

1. Open a terminal.

2. Use the kill command with the PID:

   kill PID

   Replace PID with the actual process ID.

Useful VSCode Shortcuts

• Move Line Up/Down: Alt + Up/Down Arrow
• Add multiple cursors: Ctrl + Alt + Click or Ctrl + Alt + Up/Down Arrow
• Delete Line: Ctrl + Shift + K
• Comment/Uncomment Line: Ctrl + /
• Select current line: Ctrl + L
• Navigate to a specific line: Ctrl + G
• Go to Definition: F12
• Select all occurrences of a operation: Ctrl + F2
• Trim Trailing Whitespace: Ctrl + K then Ctrl + X
• Copy Line Up/Down: Shift + Alt + Up/Down Arrow
• Open Command Palette: Ctrl + Shift + P
• Open Markdown Preview: Ctrl + Shift + V