DEPRECATION WARNING: The course updates are available in the new repo: https://github.com/ltfe-ict-academy/cloud-linux-containers/tree/main

Linux Containers

Content

Introduction to Linux Containers

• Containerization vs traditional virtualization
• Introduction to Linux Containers
• Container Definition
• What types of containers are there?
• Container History
• LXC and linuxcontainers.org
• What is LXD?
• Docker vs Linux Containers
• Features to Enable Containers

Installing and Running LXC

• Introduction
• Releases
• Installation
• LXC Default Configuration
• Privileged LXC containers
• Building a LXC container
• Unprivileged LXC containers

LXC Management

• Autostart LXC containers
• Freezing a running container
• LXC Lifecycle management hooks
• Limiting container resource usage
• Troubleshooting
• Security

LXC Networking

• Default networking
• Using dnsmasq service to obtain an IP address in the container
• Giving a container a persistent IP address
• Making a container publicly accessible
• Connecting LXC to the host network
• Configuring LXC using none network mode
• Configuring LXC using empty network mode
• Configuring LXC using veth mode
• Configuring LXC using phys mode
• Configuring LXC using ipvlan mode
• Configuring LXC using macvlan mode

LXC Storage

• Attaching directories from the host OS
• Backing Stores
• Creating container backup using lxc-copy
• Snapshots
• Passing devices to a running container

LXC Integration with Python

• Python bindings
• Installation and setup
• Build and start a container
• Updating all running containers
• Stop and destroy all containers
• Run a Python script inside a container

LXC Practical examples

• OpenWRT container with public access

LXD Introduction and Installation

• LXD Introduction
  • Releases
  • About LXD and LXC
  • LXD Daemon and LXD Client
  • LXD Containers and Virtual Machines
• LXD Installation and Initialization
  • LXD Installation
  • LXD Initialization

LXD Basic Usage

• LXD Images and Image Servers
• Running Your First System Container with LXD
• Interacting with Containers
• LXD Profiles and Container Configuration
  • Container Configuration
  • Profiles
• Managing Container Instances
  • Back up
  • Snapshots
  • Backup/Restore to/from File (Export/Import)
  • Copying or Moving Containers
  • Create, Manage and Publish Images
• Logs and Troubleshooting

LXD Storage and Backups

• Storage Volumes and Content Types
• Exploring Default Installation (ZFS on Loop)
• Sharing Filesystems Between Host and Guest
• Managing Storage Pools
  • List, Create, Configure, Resize
  • Set Container Instance Storage Pool
• Manage Storage Volumes
  • List Volumes
  • Create Volumes and Add to Guest
  • Configure Volumes
  • Resize Volumes
  • Move and Copy Volumes
  • Backup Volumes

LXD Networking and Web UI

• LXD Networking Basics
• Fully Controlled Bridge Networks
• Managing LXD Networks
  • List, View, Create, Delete
  • Configure
  • Example: Port Forwarding
  • Example: Masquerading Guest IP
• Managing Instance Network Devices
  • List and Create Network Devices
  • Instance NIC Configuration
• Networking Example: Configure VLANs
• Network Debugging
• LXD WebUI
  • LXD Server Configuration

LXD Exercise and Advanced Topics

• Exercise
  • LXD Example: OpenWRT with Luci
• Resources for Advanced Topics
  • Clustering
  • Security
  • Running Docker in LXD
  • Device passthrough
  • Nesting, Limits, and Privileged Containers
  • UID Mappings and Privileged Containers
  • Booting Containers with Kernel Command Line Parameters

Sources

• Container and virtualization tools
• What's a Linux container?
• Containerization with LXC, Konstantin Ivanov, 2017
• Practical LXC and LXD, Senthil Kumaran S., 2017