Added C implementation of binary search algorithm

Searching Algorithms/Binary Search/Binary_Search.c

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Detail: Program for searching an element in the integer array using binary search
+// Author: Rishika Snehi
+// Note:   Uncomment print statements for debugging or understanding the flow
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int binarySearch(int arr[], int target, int arr_len)
+{
+    // initialize start & end
+    int start = 0;
+    int end = arr_len - 1;
+
+    // loop start start pointer is before end pointer
+    while (start <= end)
+    {
+        // find mid element
+        // using int overflow safe formula for computing middle index
+        int mid = start + ((end - start) / 2);
+        // printf("mid: %d\n", mid);
+
+        // compare mid element with target integer
+        if (arr[mid] == target)
+        {
+            return mid;
+        }
+        else if (arr[mid] > target) // target is in first half of the array
+        {
+            end = mid - 1;
+            // printf("start = %d end =%d\n", start, end);
+        }
+        else // target is in later half of the array
+        {
+            start = mid + 1;
+            // printf("start = %d end =%d\n", start, end);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // if we reached here, then it means that element was not found
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    int arr[10] = {1, 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 78, 89, 90};
+    int target;
+
+    printf("input array: ");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
+        printf("%d ", arr[i]);
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+
+    printf("Enter the target number you want to search: ");
+    scanf("%d", &target);
+
+    int arr_len = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
+
+    int pos = binarySearch(arr, target, arr_len);
+    if (pos != -1)
+        printf("The target number is present in array at %dth position", pos);
+    else
+        printf("element not found in the array\n");
+}