Add support for using multiple checksum algorithms in AsdfWriter

[Miauwkeru]

This changed the FILE_FLAGS a little bit to use part of that
file space for an enum of CHECKSUMS instead of using flags.

Adjusted asdf/verify.py to use the new signatures and added a test to
verify that it functions as inteded with test_asdf_verify.py.
This also tests any additional item that gets added to CHECKSUM_MAPPING

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 84.61538% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 76.98%. Comparing base (596dba4) to head (ec58959).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
dissect/evidence/asdf/asdf.py	83.33%	1 Missing ⚠️
dissect/evidence/tools/asdf/verify.py	85.71%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #49      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   71.44%   76.98%   +5.54%     
==========================================
  Files          23       23              
  Lines        1387     1395       +8     
==========================================
+ Hits          991     1074      +83     
+ Misses        396      321      -75     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	76.98% <84.61%> (+5.54%)	⬆️

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