Ir emitters

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -190,6 +190,21 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build IntelliJ plugin
         run: ./gradlew :src:ide:intellij-plugin:buildPlugin
 
+  verify:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Set up JDK
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        with:
+          java-version: '21'
+          distribution: 'temurin'
+          cache: gradle
+      - name: Verify
+        run: ./gradlew :src:verify:test -Pverify
+
   example-build:
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -245,6 +260,10 @@ jobs:
             type: gradle
           - name: npm-typescript
             type: npm
+          - name: rust-petstore
+            type: rust
+          - name: scala-zio
+            type: scala
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -254,6 +273,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           java-version: '21'
           distribution: 'temurin'
+          cache: gradle
       - name: Set up GraalVM
         if: matrix.type == 'native'
         uses: graalvm/setup-graalvm@v1
@@ -264,8 +284,14 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.type == 'npm'
         with:
           node-version: 20
+      - name: Set up Rust
+        if: matrix.type == 'rust'
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - name: Set up sbt
+        if: matrix.type == 'scala'
+        uses: sbt/setup-sbt@v1
       - name: Download Maven Local artifacts
-        if: matrix.type != 'npm'
+        if: matrix.type != 'npm' && matrix.type != 'rust' && matrix.type != 'scala'
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: wirespec-m2
@@ -291,6 +317,14 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.type == 'npm'
         working-directory: examples/${{ matrix.name }}
         run: npm ci && npm run build
+      - name: Run ${{ matrix.name }} example
+        if: matrix.type == 'rust'
+        working-directory: examples/${{ matrix.name }}
+        run: bash gen.sh && cargo build && cargo test
+      - name: Run ${{ matrix.name }} example
+        if: matrix.type == 'scala'
+        working-directory: examples/${{ matrix.name }}
+        run: sbt compile test
 
   success:
 
@@ -309,6 +343,7 @@ jobs:
       - vscode
       - intellij-plugin
       - example-test
+      - verify
 
     steps:
       - name: Check CI status

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+# Wirespec - Claude Code Instructions
+
+## Generated Code Requirements
+
+All code generated by Wirespec emitters must be **dependency-free**. Generated output must not rely on any external libraries or third-party packages — it must be fully self-contained and runnable with only the target language's standard library.
+
+## IR Emitter Pipeline
+
+The Wirespec compiler uses a four-stage IR pipeline to generate idiomatic code for Java, Kotlin, TypeScript, Python, and Rust:
+
+```
+Wirespec Source
+    │
+    ▼
+Parser ──► AST (Root / Module / Definition)
+    │
+    ▼
+IrConverter ──► IR File (language-neutral tree)
+    │
+    ▼
+Language Emitter ──► Transformed IR File (via Transform DSL)
+    │
+    ▼
+CodeGenerator ──► String (target-language source code)
+```
+
+### Stage 1: Parser AST
+
+The parser produces a tree of `Definition` nodes grouped into `Module`s inside a `Root`:
+
+```
+Root ─► Module[] ─► Definition[]
+```
+
+**Definition types** (sealed hierarchy):
+- `Type` — record/struct with a `Shape` (list of `Field`s) and optional `extends`
+- `Enum` — set of string entries
+- `Union` — set of `Reference` entries
+- `Refined` — primitive wrapper with a regex/bound constraint
+- `Endpoint` — HTTP endpoint (method, path, queries, headers, requests, responses)
+- `Channel` — async messaging channel with a reference type
+
+**Reference type system** (`sealed interface Reference`):
+`Any`, `Unit`, `Custom(name)`, `Primitive(type)`, `Iterable(reference)`, `Dict(reference)`. Each carries `isNullable`. `Primitive.Type` variants: `String`, `Integer`, `Number`, `Boolean`, `Bytes` (with optional precision and constraints).
+
+Key files:
+- `src/compiler/core/.../parse/ast/Definition.kt`
+- `src/compiler/core/.../parse/ast/Reference.kt`
+- `src/compiler/core/.../parse/ast/Root.kt`
+
+### Stage 2: Convert (Parser AST → IR)
+
+`IrConverter.kt` maps each parser `Definition` to an IR `File` tree. The entry point dispatches by definition type:
+
+```kotlin
+fun DefinitionWirespec.convert(): File = when (this) {
+    is TypeWirespec     -> convert()
+    is EnumWirespec     -> convert()
+    is UnionWirespec    -> convert()
+    is RefinedWirespec  -> convert()
+    is ChannelWirespec  -> convert()
+    is EndpointWirespec -> convert()
+}
+```
+
+Each per-definition converter produces a complete IR `File` with the appropriate structs, interfaces, functions, and validation logic. `EndpointWirespec.convert()` is the most complex — it generates Path/Queries/RequestHeaders/Request structs, a Response union hierarchy, serialization functions, and a Handler interface.
+
+Reference conversion maps parser references to IR types: `Custom → Type.Custom`, `Iterable → Type.Array`, `Dict → Type.Dict`, `Primitive → Type.String/Integer/Number/Boolean/Bytes`, wrapping with `Type.Nullable` when `isNullable`.
+
+Key file: `src/compiler/ir/.../converter/IrConverter.kt`
+
+### Stage 3: IR AST
+
+The IR is a language-neutral tree with the following node types:
+
+**Elements** (AST nodes):
+- `File(name, elements)` — top-level container
+- `Struct(name, fields, constructors, interfaces, elements)` — record/class
+- `Interface(name, elements, extends, isSealed, typeParameters, fields)` — interface/protocol
+- `Namespace(name, elements, extends)` — grouping container
+- `Union(name, members, typeParameters)` — tagged union
+- `Enum(name, entries, fields, constructors, elements)` — enumeration (entries have name + values)
+- `Function(name, typeParameters, parameters, returnType, body, isAsync, isStatic, isOverride)`
+- `Package(path)`, `Import(path, type)`, `RawElement(code)`
+
+**Type system** (`sealed interface Type`):
+`Integer(precision)`, `Number(precision)`, `String`, `Boolean`, `Bytes`, `Unit`, `Any`, `Wildcard`, `Reflect`, `Array(elementType)`, `Dict(keyType, valueType)`, `Custom(name, generics)`, `Nullable(type)`
+
+**Statement / Expression hierarchy**: `RawExpression`, `VariableReference`, `FieldCall`, `FunctionCall`, `BinaryOp`, `ConstructorStatement`, `Literal`, `Switch/Case`, `IfExpression`, `StringTemplate`, `MapExpression`, `ReturnStatement`, `Assignment`, constraints (`RegexMatch`, `BoundCheck`), null-handling (`NullCheck`, `NullableMap`, `NullableOf`), and more.
+
+Key file: `src/compiler/ir/.../core/Ast.kt`
+
+### Stage 4: Transform (detailed)
+
+The transform layer is the heart of language-specific adaptation. It lets each emitter reshape the language-neutral IR into a form that generates idiomatic target code.
+
+Key file: `src/compiler/ir/.../core/Transform.kt`
+
+#### Transformer interface
+
+Eight override points, each defaulting to recursive `transformChildren()`:
+
+```kotlin
+interface Transformer {
+    fun transformType(type: Type): Type
+    fun transformElement(element: Element): Element
+    fun transformStatement(statement: Statement): Statement
+    fun transformExpression(expression: Expression): Expression
+    fun transformField(field: Field): Field
+    fun transformParameter(parameter: Parameter): Parameter
+    fun transformConstructor(constructor: Constructor): Constructor
+    fun transformCase(case: Case): Case
+}
+```
+
+#### `transformer()` DSL factory
+
+Creates a `Transformer` using a `TransformerBuilder` with a builder-pattern DSL. Only the overrides you specify are applied; all others default to recursive `transformChildren()`:
+
+```kotlin
+inline fun transformer(block: TransformerBuilder.() -> Unit): Transformer
+
+// Usage:
+transformer {
+    type { type, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+    element { element, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+    statement { statement, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+    expression { expression, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+    field { field, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+    parameter { parameter, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+    constructor { constructor, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+    case { case, transformer -> /* ... */ }
+}
+```
+
+#### `transformChildren()` recursive traversal
+
+Each node type has a `transformChildren(Transformer)` extension that walks into its children. For example, a `Struct` transforms its fields, constructors, and child elements; a `FunctionCall` transforms its receiver, type arguments, and argument expressions. This ensures transforms propagate through the entire tree.
+
+Apply a transformer to any element: `fun <T : Element> T.transform(transformer: Transformer): T`
+
+#### `TransformScope` — block-based transform API
+
+The primary API used by language emitters. Call `element.transform { ... }` to open a scope and chain multiple transforms:
+
+```kotlin
+inline fun <E : Element> E.transform(block: TransformScope<E>.() -> Unit): E
+```
+
+`TransformScope<E>` methods:
+
+| Method | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `matching<M : Type> { transform }` | Transform all types matching a Kotlin class |
+| `matchingElements<M : Element> { transform }` | Transform all elements matching a Kotlin class |
+| `fieldsWhere(predicate, transform)` | Transform fields matching a predicate |
+| `parametersWhere(predicate, transform)` | Transform parameters matching a predicate |
+| `renameType(oldName, newName)` | Rename a `Type.Custom` throughout the tree |
+| `renameField(oldName, newName)` | Rename a field throughout the tree |
+| `typeByName(name, transform)` | Transform types matching a custom name |
+| `injectBefore<T> { produce }` | Insert elements before a matching container |
+| `injectAfter<T> { produce }` | Insert elements after a matching container |
+| `apply(transformer)` | Apply a pre-built `Transformer` |
+| `type { type, transformer -> ... }` | Shorthand: create + apply a type transformer |
+| `statement { stmt, transformer -> ... }` | Shorthand: create + apply a statement transformer |
+| `expression { expr, transformer -> ... }` | Shorthand: create + apply an expression transformer |
+| `field { field, transformer -> ... }` | Shorthand: create + apply a field transformer |
+| `parameter { param, transformer -> ... }` | Shorthand: create + apply a parameter transformer |
+| `constructor { ctor, transformer -> ... }` | Shorthand: create + apply a constructor transformer |
+| `case { case, transformer -> ... }` | Shorthand: create + apply a case transformer |
+
+#### Low-level helper functions
+
+These `internal` extension functions on `Element` power the `TransformScope` methods above:
+
+| Function | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `transformMatching<M : Type>` | Transform all types matching a Kotlin class |
+| `transformMatchingElements<M : Element>` | Transform all elements matching a Kotlin class |
+| `transformFieldsWhere(predicate, transform)` | Transform fields matching a predicate |
+| `transformParametersWhere(predicate, transform)` | Transform parameters matching a predicate |
+| `renameType(oldName, newName)` | Rename a `Type.Custom` throughout the tree |
+| `renameField(oldName, newName)` | Rename a field throughout the tree |
+| `transformTypeByName(name, transform)` | Transform types matching a custom name |
+| `injectBefore<T>(produce)` | Insert elements before a matching container |
+| `injectAfter<T>(produce)` | Insert elements after a matching container |
+
+#### Read-only traversal utilities
+
+Standalone functions (not an interface) for walking the IR tree without modifying it:
+
+| Function | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `forEachType(action)` | Visit every `Type` node in the tree |
+| `forEachElement(action)` | Visit every `Element` node in the tree |
+| `forEachField(action)` | Visit every `Field` node in the tree |
+| `collectTypes()` | Collect all `Type` nodes into a list |
+| `collectCustomTypeNames()` | Collect all `Type.Custom` names into a set |
+| `findAll<T>()` | Find all elements of a specific type |
+| `findAllTypes<T>()` | Find all types of a specific type |
+| `findElement<T>()` | Find the first child element of a specific type |
+
+### Stage 5: Generate
+
+Each language emitter implements `File.generate()` by delegating to a `CodeGenerator` singleton:
+
+```kotlin
+interface CodeGenerator {
+    fun generate(element: Element): String
+}
+```
+
+Generators: `JavaGenerator`, `KotlinGenerator`, `TypeScriptGenerator`, `PythonGenerator`, `RustGenerator`. Each recursively walks the IR tree and emits the corresponding target-language syntax as a string.
+
+Top-level entry: `fun Element.generateJava()`, `fun Element.generateKotlin()`, etc.
+
+Key files:
+- `src/compiler/ir/.../emit/IrEmitter.kt`
+- `src/compiler/ir/.../generator/CodeGenerator.kt`
+- `src/compiler/ir/.../generator/{Java,Kotlin,TypeScript,Python,Rust}Generator.kt`
+
+### Key File Reference
+
+| File | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `src/compiler/core/.../parse/ast/Definition.kt` | Parser AST definition types |
+| `src/compiler/core/.../parse/ast/Reference.kt` | Parser AST reference/type system |
+| `src/compiler/ir/.../converter/IrConverter.kt` | Parser AST → IR conversion |
+| `src/compiler/ir/.../core/Ast.kt` | IR node types (Element, Type, Statement, Expression) |
+| `src/compiler/ir/.../core/Transform.kt` | Transform DSL + TransformScope + traversal utilities |
+| `src/compiler/ir/.../emit/IrEmitter.kt` | Emitter interface and orchestration |
+| `src/compiler/ir/.../generator/CodeGenerator.kt` | Generator interface + top-level functions |
+| `src/compiler/emitters/java/.../JavaIrEmitter.kt` | Java-specific transforms + emit |
+| `src/compiler/emitters/kotlin/.../KotlinIrEmitter.kt` | Kotlin-specific transforms + emit |
+| `src/compiler/emitters/typescript/.../TypeScriptIrEmitter.kt` | TypeScript-specific transforms + emit |
+| `src/compiler/emitters/python/.../PythonIrEmitter.kt` | Python-specific transforms + emit |
+| `src/compiler/emitters/rust/.../RustIrEmitter.kt` | Rust-specific transforms + emit |

Makefile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .PHONY: *
 
 # The first command will be invoked with `make` only and should be `all`
-all: build image test example format
+all: build image test example format verify
 
 build: build-wirespec build-site
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ update:
 	npm install -g @vscode/vsce
 
 verify:
-	$(shell pwd)/scripts/verify.sh
+	./gradlew :src:verify:test -Pverify
 
 yolo:
 	$(shell pwd)/scripts/yolo.sh

examples/Makefile

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ build:
 	(cd maven-spring-integration && ./mvnw verify) && \
 	(cd maven-spring-boot-4-integration && ./mvnw verify) && \
 	(cd gradle-ktor && ./gradlew check) && \
-	(cd npm-typescript && npm ci && npm run build)
+	(cd npm-typescript && npm ci && npm run build) && \
+	(cd rust-petstore && bash gen.sh && cargo build) && \
+	(cd scala-zio && sbt compile)
 
 clean:
 	(cd maven-preprocessor && ./mvnw clean) && \

examples/rust-petstore/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/target
+/src/gen