Apply patches from duckdb/duckdb

[maiadegraaf]

This PR applies patches from duckdb/duckdb:

• fix.patch

[staticlibs]

The change looks good to me!

In general, such automated (or to-be-automated) application of patches from duckdb/duckdb repo can go in assuming the CI tests have passed. I've added the CI run of the SQLite extension test-suite in #172, so we now have some coverage.

Apparently, when patches are applied, the patched extension is only buildable when the duckdb submodule also has been updated. So this PR needs to be paired with #171 one. I suggest to rebase both of PRs on top of the latest main (that includes #172) and then either to combine the PRs into one or to merge the prerequisite PR first and merge the main one after the CI passes.

When merging a PR with a single commit - please just rebase such commit (second merge commit adds no value in this case). For multi-commit merges - please choose the method that is more convenient.