chore: update study note to 0bcd26b2841ebab121500fb912c52b5297238d8c

blog/2025-08-13-interview-tips-2025-8.md

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 ## JavaScript Core
 
 1) What is a closure?
-- A closure is a function that remembers its outer scope via the **lexical environment**, even after the outer function returns.
-- If asked: It keeps access to variables where it was created. Example: `function outer(){ let x=1; return function(){ console.log(x) } }`.
+- A closure is a function that remembers its outer scope via the **lexical environment（词法环境）**, even after the outer function returns.
+- If asked: It keeps access to variables where it was created.
 
 2) Hoisting in JavaScript?
 - **Declarations** are moved to the top; **var** hoists with undefined, **let/const** hoist but stay in **TDZ**.
-- If asked: `var` is usable before line but is `undefined`. `let/const` throw if used before declared. Example: `console.log(a); var a=1;` vs `console.log(b); let b=1;`.
+- If asked: `var` is usable before line but is `undefined`. `let/const` throw if used before declared. 
 
 3) How does “this” work?
-- **this** depends on **call site**: default, **method**, **call/apply/bind**, **new**, or **arrow** (lexical).
+- **this** depends on **call site（调用点）**: default, **method**, **call/apply/bind**, **new**, or **arrow** (lexical).
 <!-- truncate -->
-- If asked: In a method, `this` is the object. With `call/apply/bind`, you set it. Arrow uses the outer `this`. Example: `obj.fn()` vs `fn.call(obj)`.
+- If asked: In a method, `this` is the object. With `call/apply/bind`, you set it. Arrow uses the outer `this`.
 
 4) Prototype vs class?
 - **Prototype chain** is native inheritance; **class** is syntax sugar over prototypes.
-- If asked: `class` makes prototype code look cleaner. Under the hood it still uses prototypes. Example: `class A{}` ≈ function + `A.prototype`.
+- If asked: `class` makes prototype code look cleaner. Under the hood it still uses prototypes.
 
 5) Event loop basics?
 - JS is **single-threaded**; **event loop** runs **call stack**, then **microtasks** (Promises), then **macrotasks**.
 - If asked: Promises run before timers in the same tick. Example order: sync → microtasks → timers.
 
 6) Promise vs async/await?
-- **Promises** model async; **async/await** is syntax for **sequential** style with **try/catch**.
-- If asked: `await` pauses inside async function. Use `try/catch` for errors. Example: `const x = await fetch()`.
+- **Promises** model async; **async/await** is syntax for **sequential（顺序的）** style with **try/catch**.
+- If asked: `await` pauses inside async function. Use `try/catch` for errors.
 
 7) Debounce vs throttle?
-- **Debounce** waits for silence; **Throttle** limits calls to a **rate**.
+- **Debounce（延迟）** waits for silence; **Throttle（节流）** limits calls to a **rate**.
 - If asked: Debounce: run after user stops typing. Throttle: run at most once per 100ms while scrolling.
 
 8) == vs ===?
-- **===** checks **type + value**; **==** does **coercion** (avoid unless sure).
+- **===（Strict Equality）** checks **type + value**; **==（Loose Equality）** does **implicit type conversion**.
 - If asked: `0 == false` is true; `0 === false` is false. Prefer `===` to avoid surprises.
 
 9) var vs let vs const?
 - **var** is **function-scoped**; **let/const** are **block-scoped**; **const** blocks **reassignment**.
-- If asked: Use `const` by default, `let` when you reassign, avoid `var`. Blocks are `{ ... }`.
+- If asked: Use `const` by default, `let` when you reassign, avoid `var`.
 
 10) Arrow function differences?
 - **Arrow** has **lexical this**, no **arguments**, not **constructible**.
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 14) Immutable data—why?
 - **Immutability** reduces **side effects**, helps **debugging**/**change detection**.
-- If asked: Don’t modify input. Return new arrays/objects. Example: `const b = a.map(x=>x)`.
+- If asked: Don’t modify input. Return new arrays/objects.
 
 15) Module systems: CommonJS vs ES Modules?
 - **CommonJS** is **sync** (Node legacy); **ESM** is **static**, supports **tree-shaking**.
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 - If asked: Use workers for CPU heavy tasks (hashing). Use cluster to use many CPU cores for HTTP.
 
 43) child_process use cases?
-- Run **shell commands**, **spawn** tools, offload work; manage **stdout/stderr**/**exit codes**.
+- Run **shell commands**, **spawn（衍生）** tools, offload work; manage **stdout/stderr**/**exit codes**.
 - If asked: Example: `exec('ls -la', cb)`; `spawn` for streaming output.
 
 44) Express middleware order?
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 - If asked: Keep `.env` out of git. In cloud, use managed secret stores.
 
 46) Logging best practices?
-- **Structured logs** (JSON), **correlation IDs**, **levels**, avoid **PII**.
+- **Structured logs** (JSON), **correlation（相关性） IDs**, **levels**, avoid **PII**.
 - If asked: Include `requestId` in each log line to trace a request.
 
 47) Securing a Node API?
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 - **Mock**: behavior + **assertions**; **stub**: **canned** responses; **spy**: **record** calls.
 - If asked: Use a mock when the test must fail if a function wasn’t called.
 
-53) Test Pyramid?
+53) Test Pyramid（金字塔）?
 - More **unit**, fewer **integration**, few **e2e** for **speed**/**stability**.
 - If asked: UI tests are slow and flaky; keep them minimal but meaningful.