Refatoração do pygame

Exemplos/pygame-snippets-master/moving_background.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+ # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 # Importando as bibliotecas necessárias.
 import pygame

UM BALAUM/coded.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 pygame.init()
 pygame.mixer.init()
-
+ 
 # ----- Gera tela principal
 window = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
 pygame.display.set_caption('UM BALAUM')

UM BALAUM/game_screen.py

@@ -1,10 +1,27 @@
 # --- Importações
 import pygame
 import time
-from reference import load_assets, IMAGE, MUSIC, LIFE_FONT, SCORE_FONT, LIVES_FONT, EAGLE_SOUND, BOOM_SOUND, PLAYER_SHEET, BACOV_SOUND, GECOV_SOUND, LEVEL_UP_SOUND
-from sprites import Covid, Balao, Life, Eagle1, Eagle2, Gel, load_spritesheet, Player
+from random import *
+from reference import load_assets, COVID_IMG, BALLOON_IMG, GEL_IMG, EAGLE1_IMG, EAGLE2_IMG, POP_SOUND, IMAGE, MUSIC, LIFE_FONT, SCORE_FONT, LIVES_FONT, EAGLE_SOUND, BOOM_SOUND, PLAYER_SHEET, BACOV_SOUND, GECOV_SOUND, LEVEL_UP_SOUND
+from sprites import Covid, Balao, Life, EagleLeft, EagleRight, Gel, load_spritesheet, Player
 from data import WIDTH, HEIGHT, FPS, OVER, GAME, PASS, WIN
 
+# assets = load_assets()
+# #Cria função para inicializar musica
+def toca_som(nome_do_som,boolean):
+    assets = load_assets()
+    som = assets[nome_do_som]
+    if boolean == True:
+        som.play(loops=-1)
+    else:
+        som.play()
+
+# #Cria função para pausar música
+def pausa_som(nome_do_som):
+    assets = load_assets()
+    som = assets[nome_do_som]
+    som.stop()
+
 # --- Cria um grupo de sprites geral e para cada obstáculo
 def game_screen(window, fase):
 
@@ -31,14 +48,14 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
     keys_down = {} # Evita possíveis bugs de teclas pressionadas
 
     # --- Cria o jogador (balão)
-    balao = Balao(groups, assets, init_balife)
+    balao = Balao(assets, BALLOON_IMG, groups, init_balife)
     all_sprites.add(balao)
 
-    balloon_life = Life(balao, assets)
+    balloon_life = Life(assets,LIFE_FONT,balao)
     all_sprites.add(balloon_life)
 
     # --- Cria as covides
-    covid = Covid(assets)
+    covid = Covid(assets,COVID_IMG)
     all_sprites.add(covid)
     covides.add(covid)
 
@@ -52,8 +69,8 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
 
     # --- Cria as águias e suas quantidades 
     for i in range(eagles_qtd):
-        eagle1 = Eagle1(assets)
-        eagle2 = Eagle2(assets)
+        eagle1 = EagleLeft(assets,EAGLE1_IMG)
+        eagle2 = EagleRight(assets,EAGLE2_IMG)
         all_sprites.add(eagle1)
         all_sprites.add(eagle2)
         aguias.add(eagle1)
@@ -68,7 +85,7 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
     state = PLAYING
 
     # ===== LOOP PRRINCIPAL =====    
-    assets[MUSIC].play(loops=-1)
+    toca_som(MUSIC, True)
     while state != DONE:
         clock.tick(FPS)
 
@@ -90,7 +107,7 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
                     if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                         balao.speedy += 3.5                    
                     if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: # Atira álcool em gel
-                        balao.shoot()
+                        balao.shoot(assets,GEL_IMG)
                 # Verifica se soltou alguma tecla
                 if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: # Dependendo da tecla, altera a velocidade                   
                     if event.key in keys_down and keys_down[event.key]:
@@ -114,11 +131,11 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
                 balao.lives -= 1
                 score -= 10
                 if aguia == eagle1:
-                    eagle1 = Eagle1(assets)
+                    eagle1 = EagleLeft(assets,EAGLE1_IMG)
                     all_sprites.add(eagle1)
                     aguias.add(eagle1)  
                 elif aguia == eagle2:
-                    eagle2 = Eagle2(assets)
+                    eagle2 = EagleRight(assets,EAGLE2_IMG)
                     all_sprites.add(eagle2) 
                     aguias.add(eagle2)
 
@@ -128,7 +145,7 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
                     lives -= 1
                     balloon_life.kill()
                     balao.kill()
-                    assets[BOOM_SOUND].play()
+                    toca_som(BOOM_SOUND, False)
                     player = Player(balao.rect.center, assets['player_sheet'])
                     all_sprites.add(player)
                     state = EXPLODING
@@ -138,8 +155,8 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
 
             col_2 = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(balao, covides, True, pygame.sprite.collide_mask)
             for covid in col_2:
-                assets[BACOV_SOUND].play()
-                covid = Covid(assets)
+                toca_som(BACOV_SOUND, False)
+                covid = Covid(assets,COVID_IMG)
                 all_sprites.add(covid)
                 covides.add(covid)
                 balao.lives -= 2
@@ -148,20 +165,20 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
             col_3 = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(covid, gels, True, pygame.sprite.collide_mask)
             for gel in col_3:
                 covid_lives -= 1
-                assets[GECOV_SOUND].play()
+                toca_som(GECOV_SOUND, False)
                 if covid_lives == 0:
                     covid.kill()
                     gel.kill()
-                    covid = Covid(assets)
+                    covid = Covid(assets,COVID_IMG)
                     all_sprites.add(covid)
                     covides.add(covid)
                     covid_lives = 1
                     balao.lives += 3
                     score += 200 
 
             if score >= 1500:
-                assets[MUSIC].stop()
-                assets[LEVEL_UP_SOUND].play()
+                pausa_som(MUSIC)
+                toca_som(LEVEL_UP_SOUND, False)
                 time.sleep(1.5)
                 if fase < 3:
                     state = PASS
@@ -170,18 +187,18 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
                 return state
 
         elif state == EXPLODING:
-            assets[MUSIC].stop()
+            pausa_som(MUSIC)
             now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
             if now - explosion_tick > explosion_duration:
                 if lives == 0:
                     state = OVER
                     return state
                 else:
                     state = PLAYING
-                    assets[MUSIC].play()
-                    balao = Balao(groups, assets, init_balife)
+                    toca_som(MUSIC, False)
+                    balao = Balao(assets, BALLOON_IMG, groups, init_balife)
                     all_sprites.add(balao)
-                    balloon_life = Life(balao, assets)
+                    balloon_life = Life(assets,LIFE_FONT,balao)
                     all_sprites.add(balloon_life)
 
         # --- Saídas
@@ -217,5 +234,4 @@ def game_screen(window, fase):
         text_rect.bottomleft = (10, HEIGHT - 10)
         window.blit(text_surface, text_rect)
 
-        pygame.display.update()  # Mostra o novo frame para o jogador
-
+        pygame.display.update()  # Mostra o novo frame para o jogador

UM BALAUM/sprites.py

@@ -2,23 +2,77 @@
 from random import *
 from reference import COVID_IMG, BALLOON_IMG, GEL_IMG, EAGLE1_IMG, EAGLE2_IMG, POP_SOUND
 from data import WIDTH, HEIGHT, STILL
+from abc import abstractmethod
 
-# --- Cria a classe do balão, que será movimentado pelo jogador
-class Balao(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
-    """ Seta o balão"""
-    def __init__(self,groups,assets,lives):
-        """Recebe e define dados iniciais do balão""" 
+# Superclasse abstrata que contém alguns dados em comum para a maioria das classes
+class ConstrutorComum(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
+    """Faz os sprites e converte em máscaras"""
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __init__(self, assets, arquivo):
         pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
-
-        self.image = assets[BALLOON_IMG]
+        self.image = assets[arquivo]
         self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
         self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+        self.assets = assets
+
+# Superclasse abstrata das águias, que contêm dados em comum como rect.y, speed_x, speed_y
+class Eagle(ConstrutorComum):
+    """Define velocidade das águias e posição em y no uso do update"""
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __init__(self,assets,arquivo):
+        super().__init__(assets,arquivo)
+        self.speed_x = randint(2, 6)
+        self.speed_y = randint(-7, 7)
+    @abstractmethod
+    def update(self):
+        self.rect.y = randint(200, 400)
+        self.speed_x = randint(2, 6)
+        self.speed_y = randint(-7, 7)
+
+class EagleLeft(Eagle):
+    """Seta as águias que surgirão do lado esquerdo da tela"""
+    def __init__(self, assets, arquivo):
+        """Recebe e define os dados iniciais dessas águias"""
+        super().__init__(assets, arquivo)
+        self.rect.x = -50
+        self.rect.y = randint(200, 400)
+
+    def update(self):
+        """Atualiza a posição das águias"""
+        self.rect.x += self.speed_x
+        self.rect.y += self.speed_y
+
+        if self.rect.top > 600 or self.rect.left > 900:
+            self.rect.x = -50
+            super().update()
+
+class EagleRight(Eagle):
+    """Seta as águias que surgirão do lado direito da tela"""
+    def __init__(self, assets, arquivo):
+        """Recebe e define os dados iniciais dessas águias"""
+        super().__init__(assets, arquivo)
+        self.rect.x = 950
+        self.rect.y = randint(200, 400)
+
+    def update(self):
+        """Atualiza a posição das águias"""
+        self.rect.x -= self.speed_x
+        self.rect.y += self.speed_y
+
+        if self.rect.top > 600 or self.rect.right < -50:
+            self.rect.x = 950
+            super().update()
+
+class Balao(ConstrutorComum):
+    """ Seta o balão"""
+    def __init__(self,assets,arquivo,groups,lives):
+        """Recebe e define dados iniciais do balão""" 
+        super().__init__(assets,arquivo)
         self.rect.centerx = WIDTH / 2 
         self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT / 2 
         self.speedx = 0
         self.speedy = 0
         self.groups = groups
-        self.assets = assets
         self.lives = lives
 
         self.shot = pygame.time.get_ticks()
@@ -38,103 +92,46 @@ def update(self):
         if self.rect.bottom > HEIGHT:
             self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT
 
-    def shoot(self):
+    def shoot(self,assets,arquivo):
         """ Álcool em gel criado logo abaixo do balão"""
         now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
         elapsed_ticks = now - self.shot
 
         if elapsed_ticks > self.shot_tick:
             self.shot = now
-            gel = Gel(self.assets, self.rect.bottom, self.rect.centerx)
+            gel = Gel(assets, arquivo, self.rect.bottom, self.rect.centerx)
             self.groups['all_sprites'].add(gel)
             self.groups['gels'].add(gel)
             self.assets['pop_sound'].play()
 
 # --- Cria classe para a vida do balão, que se movimenta em função do balão
 class Life(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
     """Seta a vida do balão"""
-    def __init__(self, balao, assets):
+    def __init__(self,assets,arquivo,balao):
         """Recebe e define dados iniciais da vida do balão""" 
         pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
-
         self.balao = balao
         self.assets = assets
-        life = self.assets['life_font'].render('{:04d}'.format(self.balao.lives), True, (255, 255, 0))
+        life = self.assets[arquivo].render('{:04d}'.format(self.balao.lives), True, (255, 255, 0))
         self.image = life
         self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
         self.rect.centerx = self.balao.rect.centerx
         self.rect.bottom =  self.balao.rect.bottom - 47
 
     def update(self):
         """Atualiza a posição da vida do balão de acordo com a posição do balão"""
-
         life = self.assets['life_font'].render('{:04d}'.format(self.balao.lives), True, (255, 255, 0))
         self.image = life
         self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
         self.rect.centerx = self.balao.rect.centerx
         self.rect.bottom = self.balao.rect.bottom - 47
 
-# --- Cria as classes das águias, uma para cada águia dependendo do lado da tela em que surge        
-class Eagle1(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
-    """Seta as águias que surgirão do lado esquerdo da tela"""
-    def __init__(self, assets):
-        """Recebe e define os dados iniciais dessas águias"""
-        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
-
-        self.image = assets[EAGLE1_IMG]
-        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
-        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
-        self.rect.x = -50
-        self.rect.y = randint(200, 400)
-        self.speed_x = randint(2, 6)
-        self.speed_y = randint(-7, 7)
-
-    def update(self):
-        """Atualiza a posição dessas águias"""
-        self.rect.x += self.speed_x
-        self.rect.y += self.speed_y
-
-        if self.rect.top > 600 or self.rect.left > 900:
-            self.rect.x = -50
-            self.rect.y = randint(200, 400)
-            self.speed_x = randint(2, 6)
-            self.speed_y = randint(-7, 7)
-
-class Eagle2(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
-    """Seta as águias que surgirão do lado direito da tela"""
-    def __init__(self, assets):
-        """Recebe e define os dados iniciais dessas águias"""
-        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
-
-        self.image = assets[EAGLE2_IMG]
-        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
-        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
-        self.rect.x = 950
-        self.rect.y = randint(200, 400)
-        self.speed_x = randint(2, 6)
-        self.speed_y = randint(-7, 7)
-
-    def update(self):
-        """Atualiza a posição dessas águias"""
-        self.rect.x -= self.speed_x
-        self.rect.y += self.speed_y
-
-        if self.rect.top > 600 or self.rect.right < -50:
-            self.rect.x = 950
-            self.rect.y = randint(200, 400)
-            self.speed_x = randint(2, 6)
-            self.speed_y = randint(-7, 7)
-
 # --- Cria a classe Covid, pensada como uma maneira do jogador interagir melhor com o jogo
-class Covid(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
+class Covid(ConstrutorComum):
     """ Seta a(s) covid(es)"""
-    def __init__(self, assets):
+    def __init__(self, assets,arquivo):
         """Recebe e define dados iniciais da covid""" 
-        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
-
-        self.image = assets[COVID_IMG]
-        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
-        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+        super().__init__(assets,arquivo)
         self.rect.x = randint(60, 520)
         self.rect.y = choice([800, 1000, 1200])
         self.speed_y = randint(1, 3)
@@ -149,16 +146,11 @@ def update(self):
             self.speed_y = randint(1, 3)
 
 # --- Cria classe para o gel, que pode matar o covid 
-class Gel(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
+class Gel(ConstrutorComum):
     """Seta gotas de álcool em gel"""
-    def __init__(self, assets, bottom, centerx):
+    def __init__(self, assets, arquivo, bottom, centerx):
         """Recebe e define os dados iniciais dessas gotas"""
-        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
-
-        self.image = assets[GEL_IMG]
-        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
-        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
-
+        super().__init__(assets, arquivo)
         self.rect.centerx = centerx
         self.rect.bottom = bottom
         self.speedy = 10