Update protovalidate dependency

[ghost]

This is a successor to #3610.

Changed:

• Update protovalidate to latest revision.
• Update example linting code to use WithFilter
• Still retains the other changes (removing support for deprecated protovalidate options.)

This uses an unreleased version of protovalidate-go, which was suggested so we could try to finalize the filter API before cutting a release with it.

Open question remains: should we try to warn users if the legacy removed protovalidate options are present, somehow? I assume this could be checked by looking for unknown fields in the options.

(This should unbreak the errors that occur when trying to use buf with go tool, although we do not recommend using go tool.)

[github-actions]

The latest Buf updates on your PR. Results from workflow Buf CI / buf (pull_request).

Build	Format	Lint	Breaking	Updated (UTC)
✅ passed	✅ passed	✅ passed	✅ passed	Mar 17, 2025, 4:12 PM

[ghost]

Seems like we are running into problems with the latest protobuf runtime.

[doriable]

Seems like we are running into problems with the latest protobuf runtime.

This should be resolved on main, I'll keep an eye on this PR if there are more issues!