A smart IoT-based embedded system designed to detect forest fires early using an ESP32 microcontroller and multiple sensors (Temperature, Flame, PIR, Gas). The system continuously monitors environmental parameters and updates real-time data to Firebase, while triggering alerts and activating a relay-based sprinkler when fire conditions are detected.
Forest fires cause large-scale environmental destruction and loss of biodiversity. Early detection and quick response are critical in minimizing damage. Conventional methods rely on human observation and delayed data collection. This project automates fire detection using IoT to provide instant alerts and real-time monitoring.
The system uses sensors to continuously monitor temperature, humidity, smoke, and flame. If abnormal readings are detected, it:
- Sends real-time data to Firebase Realtime Database
- Displays alerts on an I2C LCD
- Activates a relay module connected to a sprinkler (indicator)
- Provides remote monitoring capability via IoT
ESP32 - Central microcontroller with Wi-Fi DHT11 - Measures temperature and humidity MQ-2 Sensor - Detects smoke or flammable gases Flame Sensor - Detects open flames or light intensity PIR Sensor - Detects human/animal movement Relay Module - Controls sprinkler activation I2C LCD - Displays sensor readings and alerts Firebase - Cloud platform for real-time data logging
- All sensors collect environmental data continuously.
- The ESP32 processes the values and uploads them to Firebase.
- If temperature, gas, or flame values cross the safe threshold, the system:
- Displays a “FIRE DETECTED” alert on the LCD.
- Activates the relay module to turn on the sprinkler.
- Sends data to Firebase for cloud monitoring.
- Hardware: ESP32, DHT11, MQ-2, Flame Sensor, PIR Sensor, Relay Module, LCD (I2C)
- Software: Arduino IDE
- Cloud: Firebase Realtime Database
- Language: Embedded C / Arduino C
📘 Click here to view the full project report
- Integration with mobile app notifications
- Adding AI/ML models to predict fire risk
- Solar-powered deployment for remote areas
- GSM-based SMS alerts for offline zones
forest_fire_detector.ino– Main Arduino code for ESP32config.example.js– Example config file for Firebase credentialsREADME.md– Documentationreport.pdf– Detailed project report
Anaswara S Kumar
B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering (Neyworking Minor)
SCT College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram
📧 Email: skumaranaswara11042004@gmail.com
This project is licensed under the MIT License – you’re free to use, modify, and distribute it with proper attribution.
iot esp32 firebase forest-fire-detection embedded-systems arduino sensors environmental-monitoring