SQL DDL documentation

sdks/java/extensions/sql/iceberg/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/sql/meta/provider/iceberg/IcebergMetastore.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.sql.TableUtils;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.sql.impl.TableName;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.sql.meta.BeamSqlTable;
@@ -60,12 +61,14 @@ public void createTable(Table table) {
       getProvider(table.getType()).createTable(table);
     } else {
       String identifier = getIdentifier(table);
+      Map<String, String> props =
+          TableUtils.getObjectMapper()
+              .convertValue(table.getProperties(), new TypeReference<Map<String, String>>() {})
+              .entrySet().stream()
+              .filter(p -> !p.getKey().startsWith("beam."))
+              .collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
       try {
-        Map<String, String> properties =
-            TableUtils.getObjectMapper()
-                .convertValue(table.getProperties(), new TypeReference<Map<String, String>>() {});
-        catalogConfig.createTable(
-            identifier, table.getSchema(), table.getPartitionFields(), properties);
+        catalogConfig.createTable(identifier, table.getSchema(), table.getPartitionFields(), props);
       } catch (TableAlreadyExistsException e) {
         LOG.info(
             "Iceberg table '{}' already exists at location '{}'.", table.getName(), identifier);

sdks/java/extensions/sql/iceberg/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/sql/meta/provider/iceberg/IcebergTable.java

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 import static org.apache.beam.sdk.util.Preconditions.checkStateNotNull;
 
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -56,6 +57,8 @@ class IcebergTable extends SchemaBaseBeamTable {
   @VisibleForTesting static final String CATALOG_PROPERTIES_FIELD = "catalog_properties";
   @VisibleForTesting static final String HADOOP_CONFIG_PROPERTIES_FIELD = "config_properties";
   @VisibleForTesting static final String CATALOG_NAME_FIELD = "catalog_name";
+  static final String BEAM_WRITE_PROPERTY = "beam.write.";
+  static final String BEAM_READ_PROPERTY = "beam.read.";
 
   @VisibleForTesting
   static final String TRIGGERING_FREQUENCY_FIELD = "triggering_frequency_seconds";
@@ -71,9 +74,21 @@ class IcebergTable extends SchemaBaseBeamTable {
     this.tableIdentifier = tableIdentifier;
     this.catalogConfig = catalogConfig;
     ObjectNode properties = table.getProperties();
-    if (properties.has(TRIGGERING_FREQUENCY_FIELD)) {
-      this.triggeringFrequency = properties.get(TRIGGERING_FREQUENCY_FIELD).asInt();
+    for (Map.Entry<String, JsonNode> property : properties.properties()) {
+      String name = property.getKey();
+      if (name.startsWith(BEAM_WRITE_PROPERTY)) {
+        String prop = name.substring(BEAM_WRITE_PROPERTY.length());
+        if (prop.equals(TRIGGERING_FREQUENCY_FIELD)) {
+          this.triggeringFrequency = property.getValue().asInt();
+        } else {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown Beam write property: " + name);
+        }
+      } else if (name.startsWith(BEAM_READ_PROPERTY)) {
+        // none supported yet
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown Beam read property: " + name);
+      }
     }
+
     this.partitionFields = table.getPartitionFields();
   }
 

sdks/java/extensions/sql/iceberg/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/sql/meta/provider/iceberg/PubsubToIcebergIT.java

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public void testSimpleInsertWithPartitionedFields() throws Exception {
             + ") \n"
             + "TYPE 'iceberg' \n"
             + "PARTITIONED BY('id', 'truncate(name, 3)') \n"
-            + "TBLPROPERTIES '{ \"triggering_frequency_seconds\" : 10 }'";
+            + "TBLPROPERTIES '{ \"beam.write.triggering_frequency_seconds\" : 10 }'";
     String insertStatement =
         format("INSERT INTO %s \n", tableIdentifier)
             + "SELECT \n"
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ public void testSimpleInsertFlat() throws Exception {
             + "   name VARCHAR \n "
             + ") \n"
             + "TYPE 'iceberg' \n"
-            + "TBLPROPERTIES '{ \"triggering_frequency_seconds\" : 10 }'";
+            + "TBLPROPERTIES '{ \"beam.write.triggering_frequency_seconds\" : 10 }'";
     String insertStatement =
         format("INSERT INTO %s \n", tableIdentifier)
             + "SELECT \n"

sdks/java/io/iceberg/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/iceberg/IcebergCatalogConfig.java

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public void createTable(
       String tableIdentifier,
       Schema tableSchema,
       @Nullable List<String> partitionFields,
-      Map<String, String> properties) {
+      @Nullable Map<String, String> properties) {
     TableIdentifier icebergIdentifier = TableIdentifier.parse(tableIdentifier);
     org.apache.iceberg.Schema icebergSchema = IcebergUtils.beamSchemaToIcebergSchema(tableSchema);
     PartitionSpec icebergSpec = PartitionUtils.toPartitionSpec(partitionFields, tableSchema);
@@ -162,7 +162,11 @@ public void createTable(
           icebergIdentifier,
           icebergSchema,
           icebergSpec);
-      catalog().createTable(icebergIdentifier, icebergSchema, icebergSpec, properties);
+      if (properties != null) {
+        catalog().createTable(icebergIdentifier, icebergSchema, icebergSpec, properties);
+      } else {
+        catalog().createTable(icebergIdentifier, icebergSchema, icebergSpec);
+      }
       LOG.info("Successfully created table '{}'.", icebergIdentifier);
     } catch (AlreadyExistsException e) {
       throw new TableAlreadyExistsException(e);

website/www/site/content/en/documentation/dsls/sql/ddl/alter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+---
+type: languages
+title: "Beam SQL DDL: Alter"
+---
+<!--
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+# ALTER statements
+
+The **ALTER** statement modifies the definition of an existing Catalog or Table.
+For supported tables (like Iceberg), this enables **schema and partition evolution**.
+
+## ALTER CATALOG
+Modifies an existing catalog's properties.
+
+```sql
+ALTER CATALOG catalog_name
+    [ SET ( 'key' = 'val', ... ) ]
+    [ RESET ( 'key', ... ) ]
+```
+- **SET**: Adds new properties or updates existing ones.
+- **RESET** / **UNSET**: Removes properties.
+
+## ALTER TABLE
+Modifies an existing table's properties and evolves its partition and schema.
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE table_name
+    [ ADD COLUMNS ( col_def, ... ) ]
+    [ DROP COLUMNS ( col_name, ... ) ]
+    [ ADD PARTITIONS ( partition_field, ... ) ]
+    [ DROP PARTITIONS ( partition_field, ... ) ]
+    [ SET ( 'key' = 'val', ... ) ]
+    [ ( RESET | UNSET ) ( 'key', ... ) ];
+```
+
+*Example 1: Add or remove columns*
+```sql
+-- Add columns
+ALTER TABLE orders ADD COLUMNS (
+    customer_email VARCHAR,
+    shipping_region VARCHAR
+);
+
+-- Drop columns
+ALTER TABLE orders DROP COLUMNS ( customer_email );
+```
+
+*Example 2: Modify partition spec*
+```sql
+-- Add a partition field
+ALTER TABLE orders ADD PARTITIONS ( 'year(order_date)' );
+
+-- Remove a partition field
+ALTER TABLE orders DROP PARTITIONS ( 'region_id' );
+```
+
+*Example 3: Modify table properties*
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE orders SET (
+    'write.format.default' = 'orc',
+    'write.metadata.metrics.default' = 'full' );
+ALTER TABLE orders RESET ( 'write.target-file-size-bytes' );
+```

website/www/site/content/en/documentation/dsls/sql/ddl/create.md

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+type: languages
+title: "Beam SQL DDL: Create"
+---
+<!--
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+# CREATE statements
+
+The **CREATE** command serves two potential functions depending on the connector:
+
+- **Registration**: By default, it registers an existing external entity in the Beam SQL session.
+- **Instantiation**: For supported connectors (e.g., Iceberg), it physically creates the entity
+(e.g. namespace or table) in the underlying storage.
+
+_**Note**: Creating a catalog or database does not automatically switch to it. Remember
+to run [USE](/use) afterwards to set it as a default._
+
+## `CREATE CATALOG`
+Registers a new catalog instance.
+
+```sql
+CREATE CATALOG [ IF NOT EXISTS ] catalog_name
+TYPE 'type_name'
+[ PROPERTIES ( 'key' = 'value' [, ...] ) ]
+```
+
+_**Example**: Creating a Hadoop Catalog (Local Storage)_
+```sql
+CREATE CATALOG local_catalog
+TYPE iceberg
+PROPERTIES (
+    'type'      = 'hadoop',
+    'warehouse' = 'file:///tmp/iceberg-warehouse'
+)
+```
+
+_**Example**: Registering a BigLake Catalog (GCS)_
+```sql
+CREATE CATALOG prod_iceberg
+TYPE iceberg
+PROPERTIES (
+    'type'           = 'rest',
+    'uri'            = 'https://biglake.googleapis.com/iceberg/v1/restcatalog',
+    'warehouse'      = 'gs://my-company-bucket/warehouse',
+    'header.x-goog-user-project' = 'my_prod_project',
+    'rest.auth.type' = 'org.apache.iceberg.gcp.auth.GoogleAuthManager',
+    'io-impl'        = 'org.apache.iceberg.gcp.gcs.GCSFileIO',
+    'rest-metrics-reporting-enabled' = 'false'
+);
+```
+
+### `CREATE DATABASE`
+Creates a new Database within the current Catalog (default), or the specified Catalog.
+```sql
+CREATE DATABASE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] [ catalog_name. ]database_name;
+```
+
+_**Example**: Create a database in the current active catalog_
+```sql
+USE CATALOG my_catalog;
+CREATE DATABASE sales_data;
+```
+
+_**Example**: Create a database in a specified catalog (must be registered)_
+```sql
+CREATE DATABASE other_catalog.sales_data;
+```
+
+### `CREATE TABLE`
+Creates a table within the currently active catalog and database. If the table name is fully qualified, the referenced database and catalog is used.
+
+```sql
+CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] [ catalog. ][ db. ]table_name (
+    col_name col_type [ NOT NULL ] [ COMMENT 'col_comment' ],
+    ...
+)
+TYPE 'type_name'
+[ PARTITIONED BY ( 'partition_field' [, ... ] ) ]
+[ COMMENT 'table_comment' ]
+[ LOCATION 'location_uri' ]
+[ TBLPROPERTIES 'properties_json_string' ];
+```
+- **TYPE**: the table type (e.g. `'iceberg'`, `'text'`, `'kafka'`)
+- **PARTITIONED BY**: an ordered list of fields describing the partition spec.
+- **LOCATION**: explicitly sets the location of the table (overriding the inferred `catalog.db.table_name` location)
+- **TBLPROPERTIES**: configuration properties used when creating the table or setting up its IO connection.
+
+_**Example**: Creating an Iceberg Table_
+```sql
+CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE prod_iceberg.sales_data.orders (
+    order_id BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'Unique order identifier',
+    amount DECIMAL(10, 2),
+    order_date TIMESTAMP,
+    region_id VARCHAR
+)
+TYPE 'iceberg'
+PARTITIONED BY ( 'region_id', 'day(order_date)' )
+COMMENT 'Daily sales transactions'
+TBLPROPERTIES '{
+    "write.format.default": "parquet",
+    "read.split.target-size": 268435456",
+    "beam.write.triggering_frequency_seconds": 60"
+}';
+```
+- This creates an Iceberg table named `orders` under the namespace `sales_data`, within the `prod_iceberg` catalog.
+- The table is partitioned by `region_id`, then by the day value of `order_date` (using Iceberg's [hidden partitioning](https://iceberg.apache.org/docs/latest/partitioning/#icebergs-hidden-partitioning)).
+- The table is created with the appropriate properties `"write.format.default"` and `"read.split.target-size"`. The Beam property `"beam.write.triggering_frequency_seconds"`
+- Beam properties (prefixed with `"beam.write."` and `"beam.read."` are intended for the relevant IOs)

website/www/site/content/en/documentation/dsls/sql/ddl/drop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+type: languages
+title: "Beam SQL DDL: Drop"
+---
+<!--
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+# DROP statements
+The **DROP** command serves two potential functions depending on the connector:
+
+- **Unregistration**: unregisters an entity from the current Beam SQL session.
+- **Deletion**: For supported connectors (like **Iceberg**), it **physically deletes** the entity
+  (e.g. namespace or table) in the underlying storage.
+
+  **Caution:** Physical deletion can be permanent
+
+## DROP CATALOG
+Unregisters a catalog from Beam SQL. This does not destroy external data, only the link within the SQL session.
+
+```sql
+DROP CATALOG [ IF EXISTS ] catalog_name;
+```
+
+## DROP DATABASE
+Unregisters a database from the current session. For supported connectors, this
+will also **delete** the database from the external data source.
+
+```sql
+DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] database_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ];
+```
+- **RESTRICT** (Default): Fails if the database is not empty.
+- **CASCADE**: Drops the database and all tables contained within it. **Use with caution.**
+
+## DROP TABLE
+Unregisters a table from the current session. For supported connectors, this
+will also **delete** the table from the external data source.
+```sql
+DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] table_name;
+```