ESC-18104/18105 Programming for Problem Solving

Name - Priyanshu Dhall

CRN - 1915341

Branch - CSE C2

Submitted to - Ms. Goldendeep Kaur

---

1) To print my name.

      /* Program to print your name */

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {

puts("**************");
puts("Priyanshu Dhall");
puts("$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$");

return 0;
}

2) To print College address.

        /* College Address */
 
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {

printf("\n\t\t\tGuru Nanak Dev Engineering College,");
printf("\n\t\t\tGill Road,");
printf("\n\t\t\tLudhiana , Punjab\n\n");

return 0;
}

3) Program to add two integers.

     /* To add two integers */

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    
int a,b;

printf("\nEnter the numbers....");

printf("\nA:");
scanf("%d",&a);

printf("\nB:");
scanf("%d",&b);

a=a+b;

printf("\n Sum of the number is %d \n",a);

return 0;

}

4) Program to find quotient and remainder.

    /* To find quotient and remainder */

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    
int a,b,r,q;

printf("\nEnter the Dividend:");
scanf("%d",&a);

printf("\nEnter the divisor:");
scanf("%d",&b);

r=a%b;
q=a/b;

printf("\nRemainder: %d",r);
printf("\nQuotient: %d\n",q);

return 0;
}

5) Program to swap two variables without 3rd variable.

    /* Swapping without 3rd variable  */

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    
int a,b;

printf("\nEnter the value of A:");
scanf("%d",&a);

printf("\nEnter the value of B:");
scanf("%d",&b);

   a = a + b;
   b = a - b;
   a = a - b;
   
printf("\nA: %d",a);
printf("\nB: %d\n",b);

return 0;
}

6) Program to check even odd number.

/* To find whether number is even or odd */

#include<stdio.h>
int main() { 

  int num,temp;

  printf("Enter the Number:");
  scanf("%d",&num);

  if(num%2==0)
  printf("\nNumber is Even....");

  else
  printf("\nNumber is Odd....");

  printf("\n\n");
  return 0;
}

7) Finding greteast of two numbers.

     /* Largest one in two */

#include<stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a,b;
    printf("Enter any two number(A and B): ");
    scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
    
if(a>b)
        printf("\nA is largest....\n");
else
        printf("\nB is largest.....\n");
    
return 0;
}

8) Find greatest of three number .

/* Largest of three number */

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int x, y, z, large;
        
 printf(" Enter any three integer numbers for x, y, z :  ") ;

scanf("%d %d %d", &x, &y, &z) ;

large = (x > y ? ( x > z ? x : z) : (y > z ? y : z)) ;

printf("\n\n Largest among 3 numbers :  %d\n", large) ;
       
 return 0;
}

9) Program to assign grade to student according to percentage.

/* To find grade of a student by marks */

#include<stdio.h>
int main() { 
    
  int s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,agg;
  float perc;

  printf("Enter the Marks in 5 Subjects Respectively:\n");

scanf("%d%d%d%d%d",&s1,&s2,&s3,&s4,&s5);

agg=s1+s2+s3+s4+s5; // Aggregate Marks
  
  perc=agg/500.0*100;  // Perc Marks

  if(perc>=90)
  {
      printf("\nA\n");
      
  }
  
  else if (perc>=80 && perc<90)
  { 
      printf("\nB\n");
      
  }
  
  else if(perc>=70 && perc<80)
  {
      printf("\nC\n");
      
  }
  
  else if(perc>=60 && perc<70)
  { 
      printf("\nD\n");
  }
  else if(perc>=50 && perc<60)
  {
      printf("\nE\n");
  }
  else 
     {
          printf("\nScope of Improvement....\n");
    } 
    return 0;
}

10) Program to print roots of quadratic equation.

/*Program to print roots */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
    double a, b, c, discriminant, root1, root2, realPart, imaginaryPart;
    printf("Enter coefficients a, b and c: ");
    scanf("%lf %lf %lf",&a, &b, &c);
    discriminant = b*b-4*a*c;
    if (discriminant > 0)
    {
        root1 = (-b+sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);
        root2 = (-b-sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);
        printf("root1 = %.2lf and root2 = %.2lf",root1 , root2);
    }
    else if (discriminant == 0)
    {
        root1 = root2 = -b/(2*a);
        printf("root1 = root2 = %.2lf;", root1);
    }
    else
    {
        realPart = -b/(2*a);
        imaginaryPart = sqrt(-discriminant)/(2*a);
        printf("root1 = %.2lf+%.2lfi and root2 = %.2f-%.2fi", realPart, imaginaryPart, realPart, imaginaryPart);
    }
    return 0;
}

11) Program to check year is leap or not.

/* To find whether year is leap or not */

#include<stdio.h>
int main() { 

  int year,temp;

  printf("Enter the year:");
  scanf("%d",&year);

  temp=year%4;

  if(year%100==0)
  {
     if(year%400==0)
     printf("\nLeap year...\n");
  }

  else
  {
    if(year%4==0)
    printf("\nLeap year...\n");

else
    printf("\nNot a Leap year...\n");
   }
  
  return 0;
}

12) Program to print table of 5.

/* Table of 5 */

#include<stdio.h>

int main() { int res;

for(int i=1;i<=10;i++) {

res=5*i;
    
   printf("\n5*%d=%d",i,res);
   }

   return 0;
}

13) To make simple calculator using switch case.

/* C Program to Create Simple Calculator using Switch Case */
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main() {
	char Operator;
	float num1, num2, result = 0;
	
printf("\n Please Enter an Operator (+, -, *, /)  :  ");
scanf("%c", &Operator);
  	
printf("\n Please Enter the Values for two Operands: num1 and num2  :  ");
scanf("%f%f", &num1, &num2);
  	
switch(Operator)
  	{
  		case '+':
  			result = num1 + num2;
  			break;
  		case '-':
  			result = num1 - num2;
  			break;
  		case '*':
  			result = num1 * num2;
  			break;
  		case '/':
  			result = num1 / num2;
  			break;
		default:
			printf("\n You have enetered an Invalid Operator ");				    			
	}
  
printf("\n The result of %.2f %c %.2f  = %.2f", num1, Operator, num2, result);
	
return 0;
}

14) To calculate reverse of a number.

/* To find reverse of a Number*/

#include<stdio.h>
int main() { 

  int num,rev=0;

  printf("\nEnter the Number:");
  scanf("%ld",&num);

while(num!=0)
{ 
    rev = rev * 10;
    rev = rev + num%10;
    num = num/10;
  }
  

  printf("\nReversed number:%d",rev);

  printf("\n\n");
  return 0;
}

15) To check whether number is palindrome or not.

/* Palindrome */

#include<stdio.h>
int main() { 

  int n,rev=0,check,rem;

  printf("\nEnter the number:");
  scanf("%d",&n);
  check=n;
  
  while( n!=0 )
    {
        rem = n%10;
        rev = rev*10 + rem;
        n /= 10;
    }
  
  if(rev==check)
  printf("\nReversed number is equal to entered number....");
  
  else 
  printf("\nReversed number is not equal  to entered number....");
  
  printf("\n\n");
  return 0;
}

16) To check whether a number is prime or not.

/* Program to check prime no. */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
int main() {
    
   int num, j, flag;
  
  printf("Enter a number \n");
   scanf("%d", &num);
 
  if (num <= 1)
    {
        printf("%d is not a prime numbers \n", num);
        exit(1);
    }
    flag = 0;
    for (j = 2; j <= num / 2; j++)
    {
        if ((num % j) == 0)
        {
            flag = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (flag == 0)
        printf("%d is a prime number \n", num);
     else
        printf("%d is not a prime number \n", num);

return 0;
    
}

17) Program to print prime number to 100.

/* Prime number from 1 to 100 */
 
 #include<stdio.h>

   int main(){

int numbr,k,remark;

printf(" The prime numbers between 1 and 100 : \n");

   for(numbr=2;numbr<=100;++numbr)

  {

   remark=0;

  for(k=2;k<=numbr/2;k++){

  if((numbr % k) == 0){

 remark++;

  break;
     }

   }

   if(remark==0)
    printf("\n    %d ",numbr);

 }

  return 0;

   } 

18) Program to check whether a number is armstrong or not.

/* To check armstrong number */

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int number, originalNumber, remainder, result = 0;

printf("Enter a three digit integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &number);

originalNumber = number;

while (originalNumber != 0)
    {
        remainder = originalNumber%10;
        result += remainder*remainder*remainder;
        originalNumber /= 10;

}

if(result == number)
        printf("%d is an Armstrong number.\n",number);
    else
        printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.\n",number);

return 0;
}

19) Print Different Patterns.

i) Pattern 1

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    
   int i,j,r;
    
   printf("Enter number of rows: ");
    scanf("%d",&r);
    
for(i=1; i<=r; ++i)
    {
        for(j=1; j<=i; ++j)
        {
            printf("%d ",j);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

ii) Pattern 2

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    
   int r,i,j,num= 1;
   printf("Enter number of rows: ");
    scanf("%d",&r);
    for(i=1;i<=r;i++)
    {
        for(j=1;j<=i;++j)
        {
            printf("%d",num);
            ++num;
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

20) Program to find largest from 1 dimensional array.

/* Largest in 1 dimensional array */

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    
   int i, n;
   float arr[100];
    
   printf("Enter total number of elements(1 to 100): ");
    scanf("%d", &n);
    printf("\n");
    
    
// Stores number entered by the user
    for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
       printf("Enter Number %d: ", i+1);
       scanf("%f", &arr[i]);
    }
    // Loop to store largest number to arr[0]
    for(i = 1; i < n; ++i)
    {
       // Change < to > if you want to find the smallest element
       if(arr[0] < arr[i])
           arr[0] = arr[i];
    }
    printf("Largest element = %.2f", arr[0]);
    return 0;
}

21) To find sumof the N natural numbers in an array.

/* Sum of N no.s in array */
     
#include<stdio.h>

int main() {

    int n, sum = 0, c, array[100];

printf("Enter the number of integers you want to add: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);

 printf("\n\nEnter %d integers \n\n", n);

for(c = 0; c < n; c++)
   {
        scanf("%d", &array[c]);
        sum += array[c];    
    }

  printf("\n\nSum = %d\n\n", sum);
    return 0;
}

22) Program to add two matrices .

/*  Addition of matrix */
    
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main() {
   
   int m, n, c, d, first[10][10], second[10][10], sum[10][10];
 
   printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix\n");
   scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
   
   printf("Enter the elements of first matrix\n");
 
   for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
      for (d = 0; d < n; d++)
         scanf("%d", &first[c][d]);
 
   printf("Enter the elements of second matrix\n");
 
   for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
      for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++)
         scanf("%d", &second[c][d]);
   
   printf("Sum of entered matrices:-\n");
   
   for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {
      for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++) {
         sum[c][d] = first[c][d] + second[c][d];
         printf("%d\t", sum[c][d]);
      }
      printf("\n");
   }
 
   return 0;
}

23) Program to multiply two matrices .

/* Multiplation of matrices */

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
     {
      int m, n, p, q, c, d, k, sum = 0;
      int first[10][10], second[10][10],   multiply[10][10];
 
  printf("Enter number of rows and columns of first matrix\n");
  scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
  
  printf("Enter elements of first matrix\n");
 
  for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
    for (d = 0; d < n; d++)
      scanf("%d", &first[c][d]);
 
  printf("Enter number of rows and columns of second matrix\n");
  scanf("%d%d", &p, &q);
 
  if (n != p)
    printf("The matrices can't be multiplied with each other.\n");
  
  else
  {
    printf("Enter elements of second matrix\n");
 
for (c=0;c<p;c++)
      for (d = 0; d < q; d++)
        scanf("%d", &second[c][d]);
 
  for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {
      for (d = 0; d < q; d++) {
        for (k = 0; k < p; k++) {
          sum = sum + first[c][k]*second[k][d];
        }
 
   multiply[c][d] = sum;
        sum = 0;
      }
    }
 
   printf("Product of the matrices:\n");
 
   for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {
      for (d = 0; d < q; d++)
        printf("%d\t", multiply[c][d]);
 
   printf("\n");
    }
  }
 
  return 0;
}

24) Program to check whether a string is palindrome or not .

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(){
    char string1[20];
    int i, length;
    int flag = 0;
    
    printf("Enter a string:");
    scanf("%s", string1);
    
    length = strlen(string1);
    
    for(i=0;i < length ;i++){
        if(string1[i] != string1[length-i-1]){
            flag = 1;
            break;
   }
}
    
    if (flag) {
        printf("%s is not a palindrome\n", string1);
    }    
    else {
        printf("%s is a palindrome\n", string1);
    }
    return 0;
}

25) Program to perform basic operations like lenghth of string, string concat, string copy, string compare and string reverse.

/*Fundamental string operation, lenth, concatenation, compare and copy strings without string.h */

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h>
  
int find_length(char string[]) {
    int len = 0, i;
    for (i = 0; string[i] != '\0'; i++) {
      len++;
    }
    return len;
  }

void join_strings(char string1[], char string2[]) {
  int i, len1, len2;
  len1 = find_length(string1);
  len2 = find_length(string2);
  for (i = len1; i < len1 + len2; i++) {
    string1[i] = string2[i - len1];
  }
  string1[i] = '\0'; //adding null character at the end of input
}
/*returns 0 if thery are same otherwise returns 1*/

int compare_strings(char string1[], char string2[]) {
  int len1, len2, i, count = 0;
  len1 = find_length(string1);
  len2 = find_length(string2);
   if (len1 != len2)
    return 1;
  for (i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
    if (string1[i] == string2[i])
      count++;
  }
  if (count == len1)
    return 0;
  return 1;
}

void copy_string(char destination[], char source[]) {
  int len, i;
  len = find_length(source);
  for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    destination[i] = source[i];
  }
  destination[i] = '\0';
}

int main() {
  char string1[20], string2[20]; //string variables declaration with size 20
  int choice;
  while (1) {
    printf("\n1. Find Length \n2. Concatenate \n3. Compare \n4. Copy \n5. Exit\n");
    printf("Enter your choice: ");
    scanf("%d", & choice);
    switch (choice) {
    case 1:
      printf("Enter the string: ");
      scanf("%s", string1);
      printf("The length of string is %d", find_length(string1));
      break;
    case 2:
      printf("Enter two strings: ");
      scanf("%s%s", string1, string2);
      join_strings(string1, string2);
      printf("The concatenated string is %s", string1);
      break;
    case 3:
      printf("Enter two strings: ");
      scanf("%s%s", string1, string2);
      if (compare_strings(string1, string2) == 0) {
        printf("They are equal");
      } else {
        printf("They are not equal");
      }
      break;
    case 4:
      printf("Enter a string: ");
      scanf("%s", string1);
      printf("String1 = %s\n");
      printf("After copying string1 to string 2\n");
      copy_string(string2, string1);
      printf("String2 = %s", string2);
      break;
    case 5:
      exit(0);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

26) Programs to swap two numbers using call by value and call by refernce.

Call by reference

/* Call by reference */

#include <stdio.h>
void swap(int*, int*);
 
int main() {
   
   int x, y;
 
   printf("Enter the value of x and y\n");
   scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
 
   printf("Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);
 
   swap(&x, &y); 
 
   printf("After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);
 
   return 0;
}
 
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
   int temp;
 
   temp = *b;
   *b = *a;
   *a = temp;
}

call by value

/* Call by value */

#include <stdio.h>
 
void swap(int, int);
 
int main() {
   
   int x, y;
 
   printf("Enter the value of x and y\n");
   scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
 
   printf("Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);
 
   swap(x, y); 
 
   printf("After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n", x, y);
 
   return 0;
}
 
void swap(int a, int b) {
   int temp;
 
   temp = b;
   b = a;
   a = temp;
    printf("Values of a and b is %d  %d\n",a,b);
}

27) Program to calculate factorial of a number with and without recursion both.

/* With Recursion */

#include<stdio.h>
long int multiplyNumbers(int n);
int main() {
    
int n;
    printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);
    printf("Factorial of %d = %ld\n", n, multiplyNumbers(n));
    return 0;
}
long int multiplyNumbers(int n)
{
    if (n >= 1)
        return n*multiplyNumbers(n-1);
    else
        return 1;
}

/* Without Recursion: */

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  
  int c, n, fact = 1;
 
  printf("Enter a number to calculate its factorial\n");
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  for (c = 1; c <= n; c++)
    fact = fact * c;
 
  printf("Factorial of %d = %d\n", n, fact);
 
  return 0;
}

28) Program to print fibonacci series with and without recursion both.

/* with recursion */

#include<stdio.h>
void series(int);		

int main() {

  int n;

printf("\n\nEnter the number of terms you wish");
  scanf("%d",&n);
  printf("\n\n");

  series(n);			
  printf("\n\n\n");

  return 0;
}

void series(int n)		

{
   int t1=0,t2=1,next;

   for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
  {
    printf("%d\t",t1);

    next=t1+t2;
    t1=t2;
    t2=next;
  }
}

/*  without  recursion */
#include<stdio.h>    
int main()    
{    
 int n1=0,n2=1,n3,i,number;    
 printf("Enter the number of elements:");    
 scanf("%d",&number);    
 printf("\n%d %d\n",n1,n2); 
 for(i=2;i<number;++i) 
 {    
  n3=n1+n2;    
  printf(" %d\n",n3);    
  n1=n2;    
  n2=n3;    
 }  
  return 0;  
 } 

29) Program to calculate average of 5 numbers using function.

 /* program to find average of 5 numbers  */
 
#include<stdio.h>
int avg(int,int,int,int,int);      
 
int main() { int a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,res;
   
   printf("\nEnter the numbers respectiively: ");
   scanf("%d%d%d%d%d",&a1,&a2,&a3,&a4,&a5);
   
   res=avg(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5);     
   printf("Average of the numbers is %d\n",res);
   
   return 0; 
 }
 
 int avg(int a1,int a2,int a3,int a4,int a5)      
 
 { int p; 
   p=(a1+a2+a3+a4+a5)/5;
   return p;
 }

30) Program to implement linear serach and binary.

/* Linear Search */
#include <stdio.h>
  
int main()
{
  int array[100], search, c, n;
 
  printf("Enter number of elements in array\n");
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  printf("Enter %d integer(s)\n", n);
   
  for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
    scanf("%d", &array[c]);
    
  printf("Enter a number to search\n");
  scanf("%d", &search);
 
  for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
  {
    if (array[c] == search)                                      
    {
      printf("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, c+1);
      break;
    }
  }
  if (c == n)
    printf("%d isn't present in the array.\n", search);
  
  return 0;
}

/* Binary Search */

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
   int c, first, last, middle, n, search, array[100];
 
   printf("Enter number of elements\n");
   scanf("%d",&n);
 
   printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
 
   for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
      scanf("%d",&array[c]);
 
   printf("Enter value to find\n");
   scanf("%d", &search);
 
   first = 0;
   last = n - 1;
   middle = (first+last)/2;
 
   while (first <= last) {
      if (array[middle] < search)
         first = middle + 1;    
      else if (array[middle] == search) {
         printf("%d found at location %d.\n", search, middle+1);
         break;
      }
      else
         last = middle - 1;
 
      middle = (first + last)/2;
   }
   if (first > last)
      printf("Not found! %d isn't present in the list.\n", search);
 
   return 0;  
}

31) Program to implement bubble sort.

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
  int array[100], n, c, d, swap;
 
  printf("Enter number of elements\n");
  scanf("%d", &n);
 
  printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
 
  for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
    scanf("%d", &array[c]);
 
  for (c = 0 ; c < n - 1; c++)
  {
    for (d = 0 ; d < n - c - 1; d++)
    {
      if (array[d] > array[d+1]) 
      {
        swap       = array[d];
        array[d]   = array[d+1];
        array[d+1] = swap;
      }
    }
  }
 
  printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");
 
  for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
     printf("%d\n", array[c]);
 
  return 0;
}

32) Program to store information of 10 students using array of structures.

/* Structures for student */

#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
    char name[50];
    int roll;
    float marks;
} s[10];
int main()
{
    int i;
    printf("Enter information of students:\n");
    for(i=0; i<3; ++i)
    {
        s[i].roll = i+1;
        printf("\nFor roll number%d,\n",s[i].roll);
        printf("Enter name: ");
        scanf("%s",s[i].name);
        printf("Enter marks: ");
        scanf("%f",&s[i].marks);
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("Displaying Information:\n\n");
    for(i=0; i<3; ++i)
    {
        printf("\nRoll number: %d\n",i+1);
        printf("Name: ");
        puts(s[i].name);
        printf("Marks: %.1f",s[i].marks);
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

33) Programs to compute the transpose of a matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[10][10], transpose[10][10], r, c, i, j;
    printf("Enter rows and columns of matrix: ");
    scanf("%d %d", &r, &c);
    
    printf("\nEnter elements of matrix:\n");
    for(i=0; i<r; ++i)
        for(j=0; j<c; ++j)
        {
            printf("Enter element a%d%d: ",i+1, j+1);
            scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
        }
        

    printf("\nEntered Matrix: \n");
    for(i=0; i<r; ++i)
        for(j=0; j<c; ++j)
        {
            printf("%d  ", a[i][j]);
            if (j == c-1)
                printf("\n\n");
        }
    
    for(i=0; i<r; ++i)
        for(j=0; j<c; ++j)
        {
            transpose[j][i] = a[i][j];
        }
    
    printf("\nTranspose of Matrix:\n");
    for(i=0; i<c; ++i)
        for(j=0; j<r; ++j)
        {
            printf("%d  ",transpose[i][j]);
            if(j==r-1)
                printf("\n\n");
        }
    return 0;
}

34) Program to print the address of variable using pointer.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
  int a;
  int *pt;

  a = 10;
  pt = &a;

  printf("\n[&a ]:Address of A = %p", &a);


  return 0;
}

35) Program to access array using pointer.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
   int data[5], i;
   printf("Enter elements: ");
   for(i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
     scanf("%d", data + i);
   printf("You entered: \n");
   for(i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
      printf("%d\n", *(data + i));
   return 0;
}