A Paradigm is a way to classifying programming language according to the style in which program are written in that language
There are several kinds of major programming paradigms:
- Imperative language
- Logical language
- Functional language
- Object-Oriented language
Each of those paradigm can solve using the others,however certain kinds of problems can be solve efficiently using a specific paradigms.
It is also popular language due to how closely how resembles the actual machine itself, so the programmer is much closer to the machine.
Advantage:
- efficient
- close to the machine
- popular
- familiar
Disadvantage:
- something it is hard to debugging
- Abstration is more limitted than with some paradigms
- Order is crucial, which doesn't always suit itself to problems.
Ex: C, Fortran, Cobol
Rules and facts derived by the programmer, logic engine infer answers to question.
Advantage:
- The system solves the problem, so the programming steps themselves are kept to a minimum
Ex: Prolog, Maude
Mathematical functions used as building blocks of a program
Advantage:
- Recursion and single valued variables
- The lack of dependence on assignment operations, allowing programs to be evaluated in many different orders. This evaluation order independence makes function-oriented languages good candidates for programming massively parallel computers;
- The absence of assignment operations makes the function-oriented programs much more amenable to mathematical proof and analysis than are imperative programs
Disadvantage:
- Maybe less efficiency
- Problems involving many variables or a lot of sequential activity can sometimes be easier to handle imperatively or with object-oriented programming.
Ex: ML,Lisp,Haskell
object created with a state and behavior method called.
Advantage:
- The ability to use inheritance is the single most distinguishing feature of the OOP paradigm. Inheritance gives OOP its chief benefit over other programming paradigms - relatively easy code reuse and extension without the need to change existing source code.
- The encapsulation and information hiding are inherent benefits of OOP.
Ex: C++,Java, Smalltalk
When a function called itself, it is recursive and using a recursive function it is know to be recursion.
Most programming problems can be solve without the use of recursion. However in some cases there are problems that lead themselves to be self- reflexsive and inorder to solve them we need to use recursion. it is clean and concise.
Ex: trees, matryoshka doll, fibonacci Numbers
Normal structure Here we are using a factorial recursive function in the python language .
Practice on recursion(c): https://www.w3resource.com/c-programming-exercises/recursion/index.php
Practice on recursion(python): https://www.w3resource.com/python-exercises/data-structures-and-algorithms/python-recursion.php
read more on paradigm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigm
Recursion Explained: What Is Recursion in Programming?, https://www.enjoyalgorithms.com/blog/recursion-explained-how-recursion-works-in-programming.
Webber, Adam. Modern Programming Languages: A Practical Introduction. Franklin, Beedle & Associates, 2002.
“Learn Python Functions - Quick Python Project for Beginners.” YouTube, YouTube, 30 Oct. 2021, https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aftw0WX4oCc&pp=QAFIAQ%3D%3D.
Lecture notes