🚂 Railway Management System

A comprehensive web-based railway ticket booking system built with Laravel 12, featuring class-based pricing, real-time seat selection, automated booking management, and admin analytics.

📋 Table of Contents

Features
Tech Stack
Installation
Configuration
Usage
User Roles
Key Features
Project Structure
API Endpoints
Contributing
License

✨ Features

🎫 Customer Features

Train Search & Booking

Advanced Search: Search trains by source, destination, journey date, train number, route, and departure time
Real-time Availability: View live seat availability across all coach types
Visual Seat Selection: Interactive seat map with color-coded availability
Class-based Pricing: Dynamic pricing based on coach type:
- Sleeper: 1.0x base fare
- Second Class: 1.3x base fare
- First Class: 1.8x base fare
- AC Chair: 2.0x base fare
- AC First Class: 2.5x base fare
Single Passenger Booking: Simplified booking with one passenger per reservation

Booking Management

My Bookings Dashboard: View all bookings with status filtering
Status Tracking: Real-time booking status (Pending, Confirmed, Cancelled, Completed)
Booking Details: Comprehensive view of journey, passenger, and payment information
Ticket Download: Generate and download PDF tickets for confirmed bookings
Flexible Cancellation: Cancel bookings anytime before departure with time-based refunds:
- More than 48 hours: 90% refund
- 24-48 hours: 75% refund
- 12-24 hours: 50% refund
- 6-12 hours: 20% refund
- Less than 6 hours: 10% refund
- After departure: No cancellation allowed

Payment System

Multiple Payment Methods:
- bKash
- Nagad
- Rocket
- Credit/Debit Card
- Bank Transfer
5-Minute Payment Window: Countdown timer with automatic expiration
Auto-Cancellation: Unpaid bookings automatically cancelled after 5 minutes
Seat Release: Seats automatically released back to available pool
Instant Confirmation: Immediate booking confirmation upon payment

User Profile

Profile Management: Update personal information (name, email, phone, address)
Password Security: Change password with validation
Account Status: View account status and membership details
Booking History: Access complete booking history

👨‍💼 Admin Features

Dashboard

Real-time Statistics:
- Total Revenue (confirmed bookings)
- Active Bookings count
- Total Registered Users
- Available Trains
Recent Bookings: Quick view of latest 10 bookings with details
Visual Analytics: Overview of system activity

Train Management

CRUD Operations: Create, Read, Update, Delete trains
Train Details:
- Train name and number
- Route (source and destination)
- Departure and arrival times
- Train type (Express, Mail, Local, Intercity)
- Facilities (AC, WiFi, Food, etc.)
- Base fare per seat
Search & Filter: Filter trains by type, route, status
Validation: Comprehensive input validation

Booking Management

Complete Overview: View all bookings across the system
Advanced Filters:
- Filter by booking status
- Filter by train
- Search by booking reference or passenger name
- Date range filtering
Booking Actions:
- View detailed booking information
- Update booking status
- Cancel bookings with refund calculation
- View passenger details
- Track payment information
Refund Processing: Automatic refund calculation based on cancellation time

User Management

User CRUD: Complete user management system
Role Assignment: Assign roles (Admin, Staff, Customer)
User Search: Search by name, email, or role
Account Status: Activate/deactivate user accounts
User Details: View user profile and booking history

Reports & Analytics

Revenue Dashboard with Chart.js visualizations:
- Monthly Revenue Chart: Bar chart showing revenue trends
- Booking Status Distribution: Pie chart of booking statuses
- Popular Routes Chart: Horizontal bar chart of top routes
Booking Statistics:
- Total bookings and confirmed bookings count
- Total and average revenue
- Cancellation rate
Recent Bookings Table: Detailed list with passenger info
Export Functionality: Generate reports for specific date ranges

Route Management

Popular Routes: Track and manage frequently booked routes
Route Statistics: View booking counts per route
Route Analysis: Identify profitable routes

System Settings

Application Settings: Configure system-wide settings
Email Configuration: Set up email notifications
Payment Gateway: Configure payment methods
System Maintenance: Manage system maintenance mode

🛠️ Tech Stack

Backend

Framework: Laravel 12.32.5
PHP: 8.4.0
Database: MySQL 8.0
Authentication: Laravel Breeze
Queue: Laravel Queue for background jobs

Frontend

CSS Frameworks:
- Tailwind CSS 3.4 (Customer interface)
- Bootstrap 5.3 (Admin panel)
JavaScript: Alpine.js for interactive components
Charts: Chart.js 4.4.0 for analytics
Build Tool: Vite 5.x

Design Patterns Implemented

Adapter Pattern: Payment gateway integration
Factory Pattern: Payment gateway factory
Flyweight Pattern: Seat type optimization
Proxy Pattern: Train availability caching

Additional Tools

PDF Generation: DomPDF for ticket generation
Task Scheduling: Laravel Scheduler for automated tasks
Validation: Comprehensive form validation
Middleware: Custom authentication and authorization

📥 Installation

Prerequisites

PHP >= 8.4.0
Composer
Node.js & NPM
MySQL >= 8.0

Step-by-Step Installation

Step 1: Clone Repository

git clone https://github.com/Torikul-048/Railway-Management-System.git
cd Railway-Management-System

Step 2: Install PHP Dependencies

composer install

Step 3: Install Node Dependencies

npm install

Step 4: Environment Configuration

# Copy environment file
copy .env.example .env

# Generate application key
php artisan key:generate

Step 5: Configure Database

Edit .env file with your database credentials:

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=railway_management
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=your_password

Step 6: Configure Application

Update .env with your settings:

APP_NAME="Railway Management System"
APP_ENV=local
APP_DEBUG=true
APP_TIMEZONE=Asia/Dhaka
APP_URL=http://localhost:8000

# Email Configuration (Optional)
MAIL_MAILER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=smtp.gmail.com
MAIL_PORT=587
MAIL_USERNAME=your-email@gmail.com
MAIL_PASSWORD=your-app-password
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=tls
MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS=noreply@railway.com
MAIL_FROM_NAME="${APP_NAME}"

Step 7: Database Migration & Seeding

# Run migrations
php artisan migrate

# Seed database with sample data
php artisan db:seed

This will create:

4 users (1 admin, 2 customers)
6 trains with different routes
20 train coaches (varied types)
950 seats across all coaches
3 sample bookings

Step 8: Build Frontend Assets

npm run build

Step 9: Start Development Server

php artisan serve

Step 10: Start Task Scheduler (Important!)

The scheduler automatically cancels unpaid bookings after 5 minutes.

Open a new terminal and run:

# Windows
start-scheduler.bat

# Or manually
php artisan schedule:work

⚠️ Important: Keep this terminal running! Without the scheduler:

Pending bookings won't auto-expire after 5 minutes
Seats won't be released automatically
Payment timer will show but won't enforce cancellation

Visit http://localhost:8000 in your browser.

💾 Database Setup

Default Users

After seeding, you'll have the following accounts:

Admin Account:

Email: admin@railway.com
Password: password
Role: Admin

Customer Accounts:

Email: customer@railway.com
Password: password
Role: Customer
Email: john@example.com
Password: password
Role: Customer

Database Schema Overview

Users Table:

id, name, email, password
phone, date_of_birth, gender
national_id, address
role (admin/staff/customer)
timestamps

Trains Table:

id, train_number, name
source_station, destination_station
departure_time, arrival_time
route, train_type
total_seats, available_seats
fare_per_seat, facilities
status (active/inactive)
timestamps

Train Coaches Table:

id, train_id, coach_number
coach_type (sleeper/second_class/first_class/ac_chair/ac_first)
total_seats, price_per_seat
timestamps

Seats Table:

id, train_coach_id, seat_number
is_available, is_reserved
reserved_until
timestamps

Bookings Table:

id, user_id, train_id, booking_reference
booking_date, journey_date
seat_numbers (JSON)
passenger_details (JSON)
total_fare
booking_status (pending/confirmed/cancelled/completed)
payment_status (pending/paid/refunded)
payment_method, payment_reference
refund_amount, refund_percentage
cancelled_at, cancellation_reason
timestamps

🎯 Usage

For Customers

Register/Login: Create account or login
Search Trains: Enter journey details
Select Train: Choose from available trains
Select Seats: Pick seats from visual seat map
Enter Details: Provide passenger information
Make Payment: Choose payment method and complete within 5 minutes
Download Ticket: Get PDF ticket after confirmation
Manage Bookings: View, cancel, or download tickets

For Admins

Login: Access admin panel at /admin/login
Dashboard: View system overview and statistics
Manage Trains: Add, edit, or remove trains
Manage Bookings: Monitor and manage all bookings
User Management: Manage user accounts and roles
View Reports: Analyze revenue and booking trends
System Settings: Configure application settings

👥 User Roles

Customer

Search and book train tickets
View and manage own bookings
Cancel bookings with refunds
Update profile information
Download tickets

Admin

Full system access
User management (CRUD)
Train management (CRUD)
Booking management (CRUD)
Access to all reports and analytics
System settings configuration

🔑 Key Features Explained

1. 5-Minute Payment Window

When a customer creates a booking:

Status: Pending (seats reserved)
Timer starts: 5:00 countdown
Two outcomes:
- Paid within 5 minutes: Status → Confirmed ✅
- Not paid: Automatic cancellation, seats released ❌

The bookings:expire-pending command runs every minute via Laravel Scheduler to check and cancel expired bookings.

2. Class-Based Pricing

Each coach type has a multiplier on the train's base fare:

Sleeper:      Base Fare × 1.0
Second Class: Base Fare × 1.3
First Class:  Base Fare × 1.8
AC Chair:     Base Fare × 2.0
AC First:     Base Fare × 2.5

Example: Train base fare = ৳500

Sleeper seat = ৳500
AC First seat = ৳1,250

3. Time-Based Refund System

Refund percentage calculated based on time before departure:

if (hours_before >= 48) → 90% refund
else if (hours_before >= 24) → 75% refund
else if (hours_before >= 12) → 50% refund
else if (hours_before >= 6) → 20% refund
else if (hours_before > 0) → 10% refund
else → 0% (departed)

The calculateRefundPercentage() method in Booking model handles this logic.

4. Visual Seat Selection

Interactive seat map with:

✅ Green = Available
🔴 Red = Booked
🟡 Yellow = Selected (by user)
Real-time price calculation
Coach type identification
Seat number display

5. Automated Cancellation

Laravel Scheduler runs bookings:expire-pending every minute:

Finds bookings with status=pending and payment_status=pending
Checks if booking_date <= 5 minutes ago
Updates booking status to cancelled
Releases all reserved seats
Logs cancellation reason

6. Bangladesh Localization

Timezone: Asia/Dhaka (UTC+6)
Date pickers show Bangladesh dates
Journey date validation uses BD time
All timestamps in BD timezone

📁 Project Structure

Railway-Management-System/
├── app/
│   ├── Adapters/              # Payment adapter pattern
│   ├── Console/Commands/      # Artisan commands
│   │   └── ExpirePendingBookings.php
│   ├── Factories/             # Factory pattern
│   ├── Flyweights/            # Flyweight pattern
│   ├── Http/
│   │   ├── Controllers/
│   │   │   ├── Admin/         # Admin controllers
│   │   │   ├── Auth/          # Authentication
│   │   │   ├── BookingController.php
│   │   │   ├── ProfileController.php
│   │   │   └── TrainSearchController.php
│   │   └── Middleware/
│   │       └── RedirectIfAdmin.php
│   ├── Models/
│   │   ├── Booking.php        # Booking model with refund logic
│   │   ├── Seat.php
│   │   ├── Train.php
│   │   ├── TrainCoach.php
│   │   └── User.php
│   └── Proxies/               # Proxy pattern
├── database/
│   ├── migrations/            # Database migrations
│   └── seeders/               # Database seeders
├── public/                    # Public assets
├── resources/
│   ├── css/
│   │   └── app.css           # Tailwind CSS
│   ├── js/
│   │   ├── app.js            # Main JavaScript
│   │   └── bootstrap.js      # Bootstrap setup
│   └── views/
│       ├── admin/            # Admin panel views
│       ├── auth/             # Authentication views
│       ├── bookings/         # Booking views
│       ├── layouts/          # Layout templates
│       ├── profile/          # Profile views
│       └── trains/           # Train search views
├── routes/
│   ├── console.php           # Scheduler configuration
│   └── web.php               # Web routes
├── storage/                  # File storage
├── tests/                    # Unit & feature tests
├── .env.example              # Environment template
├── composer.json             # PHP dependencies
├── package.json              # Node dependencies
├── README.md                 # This file
├── start-scheduler.bat       # Scheduler startup script
└── vite.config.js           # Vite configuration

🔌 API Endpoints

Public Routes

GET / - Home page
GET /login - Login page
POST /login - Login action
GET /register - Registration page
POST /register - Registration action

Customer Routes (Auth Required)

GET /trains/search - Search trains
GET /trains/{train}/details - Train details
GET /trains/{train}/select-seats - Seat selection
POST /bookings/reserve-seats - Reserve seats
POST /trains/{train}/book - Create booking
GET /bookings/{booking}/payment - Payment page
POST /bookings/{booking}/process-payment - Process payment
GET /bookings/{booking}/confirmation - Booking confirmation
GET /my-bookings - View bookings
GET /bookings/{booking}/download-ticket - Download ticket
GET /bookings/{booking}/cancel - Cancel booking form
POST /bookings/{booking}/cancel - Cancel booking action
GET /profile - User profile
PATCH /profile - Update profile
DELETE /profile - Delete account

Admin Routes (Admin Only)

GET /admin/dashboard - Admin dashboard
GET /admin/users - User management
POST /admin/users - Create user
GET /admin/users/{user} - View user
PUT /admin/users/{user} - Update user
DELETE /admin/users/{user} - Delete user
GET /admin/trains - Train management
POST /admin/trains - Create train
GET /admin/trains/{train} - View train
PUT /admin/trains/{train} - Update train
DELETE /admin/trains/{train} - Delete train
GET /admin/bookings - Booking management
GET /admin/bookings/{booking} - View booking
PUT /admin/bookings/{booking} - Update booking
POST /admin/bookings/{booking}/cancel - Cancel booking
GET /admin/reports - Reports & analytics
GET /admin/routes - Route management
GET /admin/settings - System settings

🔒 Security Features

✅ CSRF protection on all forms
✅ SQL injection prevention (Eloquent ORM)
✅ XSS protection (Blade templating)
✅ Password hashing (bcrypt)
✅ Role-based access control
✅ Middleware authentication
✅ Input validation
✅ Session management
✅ Environment variable protection
✅ HTTPS ready (production)

🧪 Testing

Run tests:

# Run all tests
php artisan test

# Run specific test
php artisan test --filter BookingTest

# Run with coverage
php artisan test --coverage

📊 Scheduler Commands

The system uses Laravel Scheduler for automated tasks:

Expire Pending Bookings:

php artisan bookings:expire-pending

Runs every minute via scheduler
Cancels bookings older than 5 minutes
Releases reserved seats
Updates booking status

To run scheduler manually:

php artisan schedule:work

🚀 Deployment

Production Checklist

📝 License

This project is open-source and available under the MIT License.

👨‍💻 Developers

Torikul Islam

GitHub: @Torikul-048
Email: torikulislam732978@gmail.com

Farid Patwary

GitHub: @Farid-43
Email: faridpatwary2020@gmail.com

Sayeem

GitHub: @Sayeem33
Email: Sayeem2107033@stud.kuet.ac.bd

🙏 Acknowledgments

Laravel Framework
Tailwind CSS
Bootstrap
Chart.js
Alpine.js
All open-source contributors

📞 Support

For support, email torikulislam732978@gmail.com, faridpatwary2020@gmail.com, Sayeem2107033@stud.kuet.ac.bd or open an issue on GitHub.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 27 Commits
app		app
bootstrap		bootstrap
config		config
database		database
public		public
resources		resources
routes		routes
storage		storage
tests		tests
.editorconfig		.editorconfig
.env.example		.env.example
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
.gitignore		.gitignore
DEMO_PATTERNS.php		DEMO_PATTERNS.php
README.md		README.md
artisan		artisan
composer.json		composer.json
composer.lock		composer.lock
package-lock.json		package-lock.json
package.json		package.json
phpunit.xml		phpunit.xml
postcss.config.js		postcss.config.js
start-scheduler.bat		start-scheduler.bat
tailwind.config.js		tailwind.config.js
vite.config.js		vite.config.js

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🚂 Railway Management System

📋 Table of Contents

✨ Features

🎫 Customer Features

Train Search & Booking

Booking Management

Payment System

User Profile

👨‍💼 Admin Features

Dashboard

Train Management

Booking Management

User Management

Reports & Analytics

Route Management

System Settings

🛠️ Tech Stack

Backend

Frontend

Design Patterns Implemented

Additional Tools

📥 Installation

Prerequisites

Step-by-Step Installation

Step 1: Clone Repository

Step 2: Install PHP Dependencies

Step 3: Install Node Dependencies

Step 4: Environment Configuration

Step 5: Configure Database

Step 6: Configure Application

Step 7: Database Migration & Seeding

Step 8: Build Frontend Assets

Step 9: Start Development Server

Step 10: Start Task Scheduler (Important!)

💾 Database Setup

Default Users

Database Schema Overview

🎯 Usage

For Customers

For Admins

👥 User Roles

Customer

Admin

🔑 Key Features Explained

1. 5-Minute Payment Window

2. Class-Based Pricing

3. Time-Based Refund System

4. Visual Seat Selection

5. Automated Cancellation

6. Bangladesh Localization

📁 Project Structure

🔌 API Endpoints

Public Routes

Customer Routes (Auth Required)

Admin Routes (Admin Only)

🔒 Security Features

🧪 Testing

📊 Scheduler Commands

🚀 Deployment

Production Checklist

📝 License

👨‍💻 Developers

🙏 Acknowledgments

📞 Support

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