🪭 Smart Fan Control Using Image Processing System

This project demonstrates how to control the speed of a DC motor (fan) using hand gestures, detected using Python, OpenCV, and MediaPipe, and then sent to an Arduino via serial communication. The Arduino processes the gesture signals and adjusts the fan’s speed accordingly.

📌 Table of Contents

• Overview
• Hardware Requirements
• Software Requirements
• Features
• How It Works
• Wiring Diagram
• Connection Setup
• Arduino Code
• Python Code
• Installation
• Usage
• Expected Output
• Additional Notes
• Project Structure

🔍 Overview

A webcam detects different hand gestures and sends the gesture commands to the Arduino over serial communication. The Arduino controls the fan motor through an L298N motor driver.

Supported Hand Gestures

Gesture	Meaning
🤟	Fan ON at constant speed
🤚	Fan OFF
👎	Decrease fan speed
👍	Increase fan speed
👌	Set specific fan speed
✊	Mode / signal change

🔧 Hardware Requirements

• Arduino Uno
• L298N Motor Driver
• DC Motor / Fan Motor
• Webcam
• Jumper Wires & Breadboard
• 9V/12V Motor Power Supply

💻 Software Requirements

• Python 3.x
• OpenCV
• MediaPipe
• PySerial
• Arduino IDE

⭐ Features

• Real-time hand gesture detection via webcam
• Controls fan ON/OFF
• Adjusts fan speed (increase/decrease)
• Uses Python → Arduino communication
• Smooth PWM motor control

⚙️ How It Works

1. Gesture Detection (Python)

• Python uses OpenCV + MediaPipe to detect hand landmarks.
• Each gesture is classified into a command (ON, OFF, Speed Up, Speed Down).

2. Serial Communication

• Python sends commands like "0", "1", "2", "3", or speed values to Arduino.

3. Motor Control (Arduino)

• Arduino receives the gesture signal
• Arduino uses PWM on ENA pin to control the fan speed
• L298N driver powers the DC motor

🔌 Wiring Diagram

Arduino Pin 6 → L298N ENA
Arduino Pin 3 → L298N IN1
Arduino Pin 5 → L298N IN2
Arduino GND → L298N GND
Arduino 5V → L298N 5V
12V Supply → L298N 12V
Motor → L298N OUT1 / OUT2

🔗 Connection Setup

1. Connect the DC motor to L298N motor driver (OUT1, OUT2)

2. Connect L298N to Arduino:

   • ENA → Pin 6
   • IN1 → Pin 3
   • IN2 → Pin 5

3. Connect L298N GND to Arduino GND

4. L298N 5V → Arduino 5V

5. L298N 12V → External Power Supply (9V/12V)

📥 Installation

1. Python Setup

Install required libraries:

pip install opencv-python mediapipe pyserial

2. Arduino Setup

• Install Arduino IDE
• Upload the provided Arduino code to Arduino Uno

▶️ Usage

Run the Python script:

python hand_gesture_control.py

Make sure the correct COM port is used in your Python code.

Use these gestures:

Gesture	Action
🤟	Fan ON
🤚	Fan OFF
👎	Fan Speed ↓
👍	Fan Speed ↑
👌	Set custom speed
✊	Mode change

📊 Expected Output

• 🤟 → Motor starts at a constant ON speed
• 🤚 → Motor stops
• 👎 → Motor speed decreases
• 👍 → Motor speed increases
• 👌 → Sets a specific speed (0–255 PWM)
• ✊ → Changes signal mode

📝 Additional Notes

• Ensure correct COM port is selected in Python
• PWM speed values must be 0–255
• Use external power supply for the motor
• Arduino must remain connected during operation

📁 Project Structure

Hand-Gesture-Fan-Control/ │── Arduino/ │ └── motor_control.ino │── Python/ │ └── hand_gesture_control.py └── README.md