RubyOS

Version: RAE-0.0.3a

A hobby operating system built from scratch with a focus on learning and exploring low-level system development.

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Screenshots

Showcase of rsh

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Showcase of the help command

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Features

RubyOS is a 32-bit operating system that boots into a graphical desktop environment and provides a basic interactive environment.

Core Kernel

• Bootloader: Multiboot compliant, designed to be loaded by GRUB.
• 32-bit Protected Mode: Establishes a proper protected mode environment with a Global Descriptor Table (GDT) defining kernel (Ring 0) and user (Ring 3) segments.
• Interrupt Handling: A full Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) is configured to manage hardware and software interrupts.
  • ISRs: Handles critical CPU exceptions (e.g., Division by Zero, General Protection Fault) to ensure system stability.
  • IRQs: The Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) is remapped and handlers are in place for hardware interrupts.
• System Timer: The Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) is initialized to provide a consistent 100Hz system tick, laying the groundwork for future multitasking.
• Multitasking: Basic process management with scheduling, context switching, process creation, and yield functionality.
• System Information: Can retrieve and display detailed CPU information (Model, Vendor, Features, Thread Count) using the cpuid instruction.

Drivers

• Graphical Console:
  • Initializes the display in a high-resolution graphical mode (e.g., 1920x1080x32).
  • Provides a console interface with support for colored text, automatic scrolling, and character rendering using a built-in 8x16 font.
• PS/2 Keyboard Driver:
  • Handles keyboard input via IRQ1.
  • Translates hardware scancodes into ASCII characters.
  • Supports modifier keys like Shift and Caps Lock.
• ATA (PATA/IDE) Driver:
  • A basic PIO (Programmed I/O) mode driver for ATA hard drives.
  • Includes functionality for drive identification and reading/writing raw sectors.
• USB Driver:
  • Supports USB controllers (UHCI) with device enumeration and management.
  • Includes HID (Human Interface Device) support for keyboards and other devices.
• PS/2 Mouse Driver:
  • Handles mouse input with position tracking and button states.
  • Supports callback mechanisms for mouse events.
• VESA Graphics Driver:
  • Enables high-resolution graphical modes for advanced display capabilities.
• Framebuffer Driver:
  • Manages graphics framebuffer for rendering and display operations.
• Network Drivers:
  • Ethernet Driver (RTL8139): Supports wired networking with packet transmission and reception.
  • Network Device Abstraction: Provides a unified interface for network devices with init, send, and poll operations.
  • Protocol Support: Implements ARP, DNS, ICMP, IP, and UDP protocols for network communication.

System & Userspace

• Interactive Shell:
  • A functional command-line interface that starts after boot.
  • Features a customizable, themed prompt with color support.
  • Parses user input to execute built-in commands.
  • Includes a built-in text editor for editing files within the shell environment.
• System Logger: A kernel-level logging facility that outputs color-coded messages for different severity levels (e.g., System, OK, Error) to the console.
• Desktop Environment:
  • Graphical desktop with mouse cursor support and an event-driven interface.
  • Provides a basic GUI framework for user interaction.
• RFSS+ Filesystem:
  • A custom journaling filesystem (Ruby File System Signature) with support for files, directories, symlinks, and devices.
  • Features extents for efficient storage, inode management, and filesystem integrity checks.
  • IMPORTANT NOTE: RFSS+ Jounraling System is disabled by default in the latest version due to numerous issues that will be patched in future updates.
• Memory Management:
  • Dynamic memory allocation with kmalloc and kfree functions.
  • Memory map detection and statistics tracking.
• System Calls:
  • Basic syscall interface for kernel-user communication (e.g., reboot).
• I/O Ports:
  • Low-level port I/O operations for hardware interaction.
• Minimal Standard Library (Libc): Includes essential functions for string manipulation (strlen, strcpy, strcmp), memory operations (memset, memcpy), formatted output (printf), random number generation (srand_seed), and MD5 hashing.

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Building and Running

Prerequisites

• A cross-compiler for i686-elf.
• make
• grub-mkrescue
• qemu-system-i386

Build Steps

# 1. Compile the kernel and userspace programs
make all

# 2. Run in QEMU
make run

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Testing

RubyOS includes a comprehensive test suite written in Python to validate various components including the kernel, drivers, filesystem, libc, and UI.

# Run the test suite
python tests/run_tests.py

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