📁 Smart Irrigation System - Project Folder Structure and Full Roadmap

🌾 Smart Irrigation System with ESP8266

A Smart Irrigation System based on ESP8266, designed to monitor environmental conditions like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, rain detection, and light intensity (via LDR), and control a water pump automatically or manually via WebSocket communication.

This project ensures efficient water usage, real-time monitoring, and automation to support smart farming and urban gardens.

📋 Features

WiFi-Enabled Monitoring: Connects to WiFi for live sensor data streaming.
WebSocket Communication: Fast, real-time data transmission to a server/frontend.
NTP Time Synchronization: Timestamps all sensor readings using India's Standard Time (IST, UTC+5:30).
Auto-Mode Pump Control: Water pump is turned ON/OFF based on real-time soil, rain, temperature, and humidity conditions.
Light Detection (LDR): Measures surrounding light intensity.
Rain Sensor: Detects rainfall.
DHT11 Sensor: Monitors environmental temperature and humidity.
Error Handling: Ensures data is sent only when values change or when first connecting.
Low Power: Smart updates avoid unnecessary transmissions.
Reconnect Automatically: Auto-reconnect to WebSocket server if disconnected.
Manual Override: Auto-mode can be toggled via server commands.

🎯 Roadmap

Phase	Description
Phase 1	Setup ESP8266 firmware to send data over WebSocket
Phase 2	Setup simple Node.js server to receive and display data
Phase 3	Add Smart Decision Logic (control LED or Pump)
Phase 4	(Optional) Build React Dashboard to visualize data
Phase 5	(Optional) Save data to database (MongoDB)
Phase 6	(Optional) Notifications and AI-based improvements

1. Folder Structure

Smart-Irrigation-System/
├── client/                  # Frontend (Optional: Web Dashboard for Monitoring)
│   ├── public/              # Static assets
│   └── src/                 
│       ├── components/
│       │   └── sections/    # Reusable UI components
│       │       ├── dashboard-content.jsx
│       │       ├── dashboard-layout.jsx
│       │       ├── gauge.jsx
│       │       ├── history-chart.jsx
│       │       └── theme-toggle.jsx
│       ├── pages/           # Application pages (Dashboard, History, etc.)
│       ├── services/        # API calls and service logic
│       ├── App.jsx          # Main application component
│       └── main.jsx         # Application entry point
│
├── esp8266-firmware/         # ESP8266 Arduino firmware (sensors + irrigation logic)
│   ├── SmartIrrigation.ino   # Main microcontroller code
│   └── README.md             # Firmware-specific documentation
│
├── server/                   # Backend Server (Node.js + Express + WebSocket)
│   ├── controllers/          # Functions for handling sensor data logic
│   │   └── history-controller.js
│   ├── database/             # Database connection files
│   │   └── models/           # Database models (schemas for sensor readings, logs, etc.)
│   │       └── (models go here)
│   │   └── db.js             # Database connection script
│   ├── logs/                 # Server and WebSocket logs
│   ├── middlewares/          # Authentication, error handling, validations
│   │   └── save-history-data.js
│   ├── routes/               # API route definitions
│   │   └── history-route.js
│   ├── utils/                # Utility helper functions
│   │   └── logger.js
│   └── server.js             # Server entry point
│
├── README.md                 # Project Overview and Setup Instructions
├── LICENSE                   # (Optional) Open-source license information
└── .gitignore                # Files and folders to ignore in version control

2. What Goes Inside Each Part?

🔵 `client/`

ReactJS / Vite frontend (Optional but very cool for live monitoring)
Components like:
- Live Data Display (Temperature, Soil Moisture, Light)
- Status Indicator (Is LED ON or OFF)
Responsive Web App to monitor field remotely.

🟡 `esp8266-firmware/`

Your ESP8266 code:
- Connects to WiFi
- Connects to WebSocket server
- Reads sensors: DHT22, Soil Moisture, Rain Sensor, LDR
- Applies logic: Temperature, Light, Moisture, Rain
- Controls: Built-in LED or Relay Module for pump.

🟠 `server/`

Node.js server
Handles WebSocket connection with ESP8266
Displays received data
(Optional) Save to database for future analysis
(Optional) Expose REST APIs if needed.

🟢 `database/`

MongoDB or any database setup (optional but recommended)
Can save history of sensor readings
Analyze trends later (ex: which month was driest?).

📡 How it Works

ESP8266 connects to WiFi.
Synchronizes time using NTP Client (India timezone).
Connects to a WebSocket Server (IP & Port specified).
Continuously reads sensor data:
- Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture, Rain Detection, Light Level.
AutoMode logic:
- Turns ON the pump when:
  - Soil is dry AND (Temperature is high OR Humidity is low)
  - AND No Rain detected.
- Turns OFF the pump otherwise.
Sends sensor data + pump status in real-time to the server.
If values change, or first-time connection happens, data is sent immediately.

🧠 AutoMode Conditions

Soil Dryness: Soil moisture < 60%
High Temperature: Temperature > 30°C
Low Humidity: Humidity < 40%
No Rain: Rain sensor not detecting rain

If these conditions match, pump (LED) turns ON, otherwise OFF.

🔧 Setup Instructions

Flash ESP8266 with Code
Upload the .ino sketch to your ESP8266 board via Arduino IDE or PlatformIO.
Libraries Needed:
- ESP8266WiFi.h
- WebSocketsClient.h
- ArduinoJson.h
- DHT.h
- WiFiUdp.h
- NTPClient.h

Modify WiFi and WebSocket Settings:

const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_SSID";
const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";

const char* websocket_server = "SERVER_IP_ADDRESS";
const uint16_t websocket_port = 3000;

Connect Sensors Properly: Follow pin mappings shown above carefully.
Start Your WebSocket Server: Ensure your server is running and listening to the right port and endpoint /.

📈 Data Sent to Server (JSON format)

{
  "temperature": 29.5,
  "humidity": 60,
  "soilMoisture": 45,
  "lightLevel": 78,
  "rainDrop": 1,
  "pumpStatus": true,
  "autoMode": true,
  "timestamp": "2025-04-27T15:45:30+05:30",
  "espConnected": true
}

Field	Description
temperature	Measured in °C
humidity	Relative Humidity (%)
soilMoisture	Soil Moisture (%)
lightLevel	Light intensity (%) from LDR
rainDrop	0 = Rain detected, 1 = No rain
pumpStatus	true = Pump ON, false = Pump OFF
autoMode	true if auto mode is active
timestamp	Time when reading was taken (ISO format)
espConnected	true if WebSocket connected

3. Example README.md Structure

🌱 Smart Irrigation System using ESP8266

📋 Project Overview

This project implements a Smart Irrigation System that monitors:

Temperature
Humidity
Light Intensity
Soil Moisture
Rain Detection

Based on environmental conditions, it automatically controls irrigation (water pump/LED). It also streams live data to a server using WebSocket technology.

🏛 Architecture

[ ESP8266 + Sensors ]  --WebSocket-->  [ Node.js Server ]  --Optional--> [ Database ]
                                               |
                                               ↓
                                     [ React Web App (Client) ]

⚙️ Features

🌡️ Read real-time environmental data.
💧 Automatically decide when to water the plants.
🌦️ Rain detection to avoid unnecessary watering.
📶 WebSocket communication for fast, real-time data transfer.
📊 (Optional) Web dashboard for live monitoring.

🧩 Technology Stack

Part	Tech
Microcontroller	ESP8266 (NodeMCU)
Sensors	DHT22, Soil Moisture, LDR, Rain Sensor
Server	Node.js + Express + WebSocket
Frontend (Optional)	React.js + TailwindCSS + Shadcn UI
Database (Optional)	MongoDB

🚀 Setup Instructions

🖥️ Server

cd server
npm install
node server.js

📡 ESP8266 Firmware

Open Arduino IDE
Install libraries:
- ESP8266WiFi
- WebSocketsClient
- DHT Sensor Library
Upload SmartIrrigation.ino

🌐 Client (Optional)

cd client
npm install
npm run dev

🛠 Hardware Requirements

ESP8266 NodeMCU board
DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
Soil Moisture Sensor (Digital/Analog)
Rain Detection Sensor
(Optional) Relay Module + Motor/Pump
Jumper wires, Breadboard

🔌 Hardware Required

Component	Quantity	Description
ESP8266 (e.g., NodeMCU)	1	WiFi-enabled microcontroller
DHT11 Sensor	1	Temperature and Humidity sensor
Soil Moisture Sensor	1	For soil moisture measurement
Rain Sensor Module	1	Detects rain presence
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)	1	Measures ambient light
Relay Module (optional)	1	To control real water pump safely
Jumper wires	As needed	For connections
Breadboard	1	(Optional) prototyping
LED	1	Simulates the pump action (Built-in LED)

🛠️ Pin Connections

ESP8266 Pin	Connected To
D6 (GPIO12)	LDR Sensor Output (Digital)
D4 (GPIO2)	DHT11 Sensor Output (Digital)
A0	Soil Moisture Sensor (Analog)
D5 (GPIO14)	Rain Sensor Output (Digital)
LED_BUILTIN	Simulated Water Pump (LED)

Note:

D3 (GPIO0) used for LDR is set as Input (digital read).

A0 reads analog voltage from Soil Moisture sensor.

📸 Project Images

(Insert images of your hardware setup, screenshots of dashboard)

📈 Future Improvements

Mobile App for notifications.
AI-based predictive irrigation (analyze historical data).
Solar-powered version.

🖥️ Example Serial Output

Connected! IP Address: 192.168.1.105
Connected to WebSocket server
Frontend connected, sending immediate data...
Data Sent to Server
Data Sent to Server
Failed to read from DHT sensor!
Data Sent to Server

⚡ Troubleshooting

Problem	Solution
WebSocket not connecting	Check IP address, port, server status
ESP stuck during boot	Avoid pulling GPIO0 LOW at startup (no pressed buttons on D3 pin)
DHT11 readings NaN (failed)	Check wiring, DHT11 timing library
No soil moisture readings	Check if Soil Moisture sensor is powered correctly
Pump not switching ON/OFF	Check your AutoMode conditions manually

📚 Future Improvements

Add OTA updates (Over the Air programming).
Real Relay Module for controlling real water pump.
Mobile App Notification using WebSocket messages.
Solar powered battery management for outdoor deployment.

✨ Credits

Developed by Smitraj Bankar

B.Tech Computer Engineering | Sanjivani College of Engineering

Expertise: MERN Stack, IoT Systems, Arduino, Embedded Projects

📄 License

This project is licensed under MIT License.

⚡ Bonus Tip:

You can use ngrok to make your local Node.js server public if you want to control the system over the internet 🌍.

🎯 Conclusion:

✅ This folder structure and plan will make your Smart Irrigation System ready for:

Deployment
Presentations
College Projects
Even Real-world Product Launch!

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 10 Commits
client		client
images		images
iot/websocket_copy_20250425012255		iot/websocket_copy_20250425012255
server		server
.gitignore		.gitignore
CONTROL_SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION.md		CONTROL_SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION.md
LDR_SENSOR_IMPLEMENTATION.md		LDR_SENSOR_IMPLEMENTATION.md
LED_BLINKING_FEATURES.md		LED_BLINKING_FEATURES.md
NULL_VALUE_FIXES.md		NULL_VALUE_FIXES.md
RAIN_SENSOR_IMPLEMENTATION.md		RAIN_SENSOR_IMPLEMENTATION.md
SMART_IRRIGATION_SYSTEM.md		SMART_IRRIGATION_SYSTEM.md
SOIL_MOISTURE_SENSOR_IMPLEMENTATION.md		SOIL_MOISTURE_SENSOR_IMPLEMENTATION.md
readme.md		readme.md

ByteNinjaSmit/smart-irrigation-system

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