Awesome-Personalized-RAG-Agent
This is the official repository of the paper "A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent " , arXiv.
π― Our repository Awesome-Personalized-RAG-Agent is a curated collection of papers, resources, benchmarks, and datasets focused on Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and personalized agentic RAG system .
Personalization has become a cornerstone in modern AI systems, enabling customized interactions that reflect individual user preferences, contexts, and goals. Recent research has increasingly explored RAG frameworks and their evolution into agent-based architectures , aiming to improve user alignment and satisfaction.
This repository systematically categorizes personalization across the three core stages of RAG:
Pre-retrieval (e.g., query rewriting and expansion),
Retrieval (e.g., indexing, personalized reranking),
Generation (e.g., using explicit or implicit user signals).
Beyond traditional RAG pipelines, we extend the scope to Personalized LLM Agents βsystems enhanced with agentic functionalities such as dynamic user modeling, personalized planning, memory integration, and autonomous behavior.
[2025, Apr 15] : Β ππ Our paper is now available on
arXiv , and the reading list is on
GitHub Repo .
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
Least-to-most Prompting
Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models
Split by sub-query terms in different questions
ICLR 2023
[Link]
Personalized Search-based Query Rewrite System for Conversational AI
Build a personalized index for each user
ACL 2021
[Link]
Agent4Ranking
Agent4Ranking: Semantic Robust Ranking via Personalized Query Rewriting Using Multi-agent LLM
Use agents for efficient query rewriting.
arXiv 2023
[Link]
Least-to-most Prompting
Query Rewriting in TaoBao Search
A learning enhanced architecture based on βquery retrievalβsemantic relevanceβ.
CIKM 2022
[Link]
CLE-QR
Learning to rewrite prompts for personalized text generation
Multistage framework for personalized rewrites.
WWW 2024
[Link]
CGF
CGF: Constrained Generation Framework for Query Rewriting in Conversational AI
Personalized prompt rewriting by using an LLM agent.
ACL 2022
[Link]
RL-based Query Rewriting with Distilled LLM for online E-Commerce Systems
Student model to rewrite query.
arXiv 2025
[Link]
CoPS
Cognitive Personalized Search Integrating Large Language Models with an Efficient Memory Mechanism
Personalized query intent.
WWW 2024
[Link]
BASES
BASES: Large-scale Web Search User Simulation with Large Language Model based Agents
User simulation agent.
arXiv 2024
[Link]
ERAGent
ERAGent: Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Language Models with Improved Accuracy, Efficiency, and Personalization
Collaorative module for query rewrite.
arXiv 2024
[Link]
PEARL
PEARL: Personalizing Large Language Model Writing Assistants with Generation-Calibrated Retrievers
Personlaized LLM for query write.
arXiv 2024
[Link]
FIG
Graph Meets LLM: A Novel Approach to Collaborative Filtering for Robust Conversational Understanding
Graph-based methods with LLMs to query rewrite
arXiv 2023
[Link]
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
PNQES
Personalized Optimal Search in Local Query Expansion
Search history, Latent semantic indexing
ACLCLP 2006
[Link]
Exploiting social relations for query expansion and result ranking
Friendship, Tagging
ICDE Workshop 2008
[Link]
Gossple
Toward personalized query expansion
Calculating the distance between users, constructing a personalized network that connects users with similar interests. Extracting tags
EuroSys Workshop 2009
[Link]
Social tagging in query expansion: A new way for personalized web search
User Interest Tagging
CSE 2009
[Link]
SoQuES
personalized social query expansion using social bookmarking systems
Extract user tag behavior to build personalized user profiles.
SIGIR 2011
[Link]
Improving search via personalized query expansion using social media
Tagging
Information retrieval 2012
[Link]
Axiomatic term-based personalized query expansion using bookmarking system
Bookmarking, Social Network
International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications 2016
[Link]
WE-LM
personalized query expansion utilizing multi-relationalsocial data
Tagging
SMAP Workshop 2017
[Link]
PSQE
personalized social query expansion using social annotations
User Interest Tagging
Transactions on Large-Scale Data-and Knowledge-Centered Systems XL 2019
[Link]
PQEWC
Personalized Query Expansion with Contextual Word Embeddings
Employing topic modeling on user texts and dynamically selecting relevant words
TOIS 2023
[Link]
π οΈ 1.3 Other Query-related
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
PSQE
PSQE: Personalized Semantic Query Expansion for user-centric query disambiguation
Leveraging synthetic user profiles built from Wikipedia articles, training word2vec embeddings on these profiles
[Link]
Bobo
Utilizing user-input contextual terms for query disambiguation
contextual terms
Coling 2010
[Link]
Personalized Query Auto-Completion Through a Lightweight Representation of the User Context
Learning embeddings from the userβs recent queries
arXiv 2019
[Link]
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
Pearl
Pearl: Personalizing large language model writing assistants with generation-calibrated retrievers
Personalized Indexing
ACL 2024
[Link]
KG-Retrieve
KG-Retriever: Efficient Knowledge Indexing for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models
Hierarchical Index Graph
arXiv 2024
[Link]
EMG-RAG
Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphs
Editable Knowledge Graph for Indexing
EMNLP 2024
[Link]
PGraphRAG
Personalized Graph-Based Retrieval for Large Language Models
User-centric Knowledge Graphs for Personalized Indexing
arXiv 2025
[Link]
[Link]
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentation
Gradients based on personalized scores
SIGIR 2024
[Link]
MeMemo
MeMemo: On-device Retrieval Augmentation for Private and Personalized Text Generation
Privacy Protection
SIGIR 2024 (short)
[Link]
[Link]
LAPS
Doing Personal LAPS: LLM-Augmented Dialogue Construction for Personalized Multi-Session Conversational Search
Personalized Dialogue
SIGIR 2024
[Link]
[Link]
Partner Matters! An Empirical Study on Fusing Personas for Personalized Response Selection in Retrieval-Based Chatbots
Personalized Dialogue
SIGIR 2021
[Link]
[Link]
ERRA
Explainable Recommendation with Personalized Review Retrieval and Aspect Learning
Personalized Recommendation
ACL 2023
[Link]
[Link]
RECAP: Retrieval-Enhanced Context-Aware Prefix Encoder for Personalized Dialogue Response Generation
Personalized Dialogue
ACL 2023
[Link]
[Link]
HEART
HEART-felt Narratives: Tracing Empathy and Narrative Style in Personal Stories with LLMs
Personalized Writing Style
EMNLP 2024
[Link]
[Link]
OPPU
Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning
Personalized Parameter Fine-tuning
EMNLP 2024
[Link]
[Link]
LAPDOG
Learning Retrieval Augmentation for Personalized Dialogue Generation
Personalized Dialogue
EMNLP 2023
[Link]
[Link]
UniMP
Towards Unified Multi-Modal Personalization: Large Vision-Language Models for Generative Recommendation and Beyond
Personalized Recommendation
ICLR 2024
[Link]
Personalized Language Generation via Bayesian Metric Augmented Retrieval
Personalized Retrieval
arXiv
[Link]
Leveraging Similar Users for Personalized Language Modeling with Limited Data
Personalized Retrieval
ACL 2022
[Link]
UIA
A Personalized Dense Retrieval Framework for Unified Information Access
Personalized Retrieval
SIGIR 2023
[Link]
[Link]
XPERT
Personalized Retrieval over Millions of Items
Personalized Retrieval
SIGIR 2023
[Link]
[Link]
DPSR
Towards personalized and semantic retrieval: An end-to-end solution for e-commerce search via embedding learning
Personalized Retrieval
SIGIR 2020
[Link]
PersonalTM
PersonalTM: Transformer Memory for Personalized Retrieval
Personalized Retrieval
SIGIR 2023 (short)
[Link]
A zero attention model for personalized product search
Personalized Search
CIKM 2019
[Link]
RTM
Learning a Fine-Grained Review-based Transformer Model for Personalized Product Search
Personalized Search
SIGIR 2021
[Link]
[Link]
Personalizing Student-Agent Interactions Using Log-Contextualized Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)
Personalized Retrieval
arXiv
[Link]
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
PersonaRAG
PersonaRAG: Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems with User-Centric Agents
User-centric Agent for Ranking
arXiv 2024
Link
Link
Improving RAG with LoRA Finetuning for Persona Text Generation
Personalized Re-ranking
Link
UniMS-RAG
UniMS-RAG: A Unified Multi-source Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Personalized Dialogue Systems
Personalized Re-ranking
arXiv 2024
Link
Learning to Rank for Multiple Retrieval-Augmented Models through Iterative Utility Maximization
Personalized Ranking
arXiv 2024
Link
Link
Rehearse With User: Personalized Opinion Summarization via Role-Playing Based on Large Language Models
Personalized Opinion Summarization
arXiv 2025
Link
AutoCompressors
Adapting Language Models to Compress Contexts
Contextual Embedding Compression
EMNLP 2023
Link
Link
FIT-RAG
FIT-RAG: Black-Box RAG with Factual Information and Token Reduction
Tokens Minization within RAG
ToIS 2025
Link
π― 3.1 Generation from Explicit Preference
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
P2
Evaluating and inducing personality in pre-trained language models
Role Playing
NeurIPS 2023
[Link]
[Link]
OpinionQA
Whose opinions do language models reflect?
Role Playing
ICML 2023
[Link]
[Link]
Character Profiling
Evaluating Character Understanding of Large Language Models via Character Profiling from Fictional Works
Role Playing
ICML 2023
[Link]
[Link]
Do LLMs Understand User Preferences? Evaluating LLMs On User Rating Prediction
Personalized Recommendation
arXiv
[Link]
Cue-CoT
Cue-CoT: Chain-of-thought prompting for responding to in-depth dialogue questions with LLMs
Personalized Dialogue
EMNLP 2023
[Link]
[Link]
TICL
Tuning-Free Personalized Alignment via Trial-Error-Explain In-Context Learning
Personalized Text Generation
arXiv
[Link]
[Link]
GPG
Guided Profile Generation Improves Personalization with LLMs
Personalized Text Generation
arXiv
[Link]
Integrating Summarization and Retrieval for Enhanced Personalization via Large Language Models
Personalized Text Generation
arXiv
[Link]
LLMTreeRec
LLMTreeRec: Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models for Cold-Start Recommendations
Personalized Recommendation
COLING 2025
[Link]
[Link]
Matryoshka
MATRYOSHKA: Learning To Drive Black-Box LLMS With LLMS
Personalized Text Generation
arXiv
[Link]
Learning to rewrite prompts for personalized text generation
Personalized Text Generation
WWW 2024
[Link]
RecGPT
RecGPT: Generative Pre-training for Text-based Recommendation
Personalized Recommendation
ACL 2024
[Link]
[Link]
PEPLER-D
Personalized prompt learning for explainable recommendation
Personalized Recommendation
TOIS 2023
[Link]
[Link]
SGPT
Unlocking the potential of prompt-tuning in bridging generalized and personalized federated learning
Personalized Federated Learning
CVPR 2024
[Link]
[Link]
PFCL
Personalized federated continual learning via multi-granularity prompt
Personalized Federated Learning
KDD 2024
[Link]
[Link]
Measuring What Makes You Unique: Difference-Aware User Modeling for Enhancing LLM Personalization
Personalized Text Generation
ACL Findings 2025
[Link]
[Link]
π΅οΈ 3.2 Generation from Implicit Preference
Name
Title
Personalized presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
PLoRA
Personalized LoRA for Human-Centered Text Understanding
Personalized Text Understanding
AAAI 2024
[Link]
[Link]
LM-P
Personalized Large Language Models
Personalized Fine-tuning
SENTIRE 2024 (ICDM Workshop)
[Link]
[Link]
MiLP
Personalized LLM Response Generation with Parameterized User Memory Injection
Personalized Text Generation
arXiv
[Link]
[Link]
OPPU
Democratizing Large Language Models via Personalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning
Personalized Text Generation
EMNLP 2024
[Link]
[Link]
PER-PCS
PERSONALIZED PIECES: Efficient Personalized Large Language Models through Collaborative Efforts
Personalized Text Generation
EMNLP 2024
[Link]
[Link]
Review-LLM
Review-LLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Personalized Review Generation
Personalized Review Generation
arXiv
[Link]
UserIdentifier
UserIdentifier: Implicit User Representations for Simple and Effective Personalized Sentiment Analysis
Personalized Text Understanding
NAACL 2022
[Link]
UserAdapter
UserAdapter: Few-Shot User Learning in Sentiment Analysis
Personalized Text Understanding
ACL Fingdings 2021
[Link]
HYDRA
HYDRA: Model Factorization Framework for Black-Box LLM Personalization
Personalized Reranking and Generation
NeurIPS 2024
[Link]
[Link]
PocketLLM
PocketLLM: Enabling On-Device Fine-Tuning for Personalized LLMs
Personalized Text Generation
PrivateNLP 2024 (ACL Workshop)
[Link]
CoGenesis
CoGenesis: A Framework Collaborating Large and Small Language Models for Secure Context-Aware Instruction Following
Personalized Text Generation
ACl 2024
[Link]
[Link]
P-RLHF
P-RLHF: Personalized Language Modeling from Personalized Human Feedback
Personalized Text Generation
arXiv
[Link]
[Link]
P-SOUPS
Personalized Soups: Personalized Large Language Model Alignment via Post-hoc Parameter Merging
Personalized Text Generation
Adaptive Foundation Models 2024 (NeurIPS 2024)
[Link]
[Link]
PAD
PAD: Personalized Alignment of LLMs at Decoding-Time
Personalized Text Generation
ICLR 2025
[Link]
[Link]
REST-PG
Reasoning-enhanced self-training for long-form personalized Text Generation
Personalized Text Generation
arXiv
[Link]
Optimization Methods for Personalizing Large Language Models through Retrieval Augmentation
Personalized Retrieval and Generation
SIGIR 2024
[Link]
RewriterSlRl
Learning to Rewrite Prompts for Personalized Text Generation
Personalized Text Generation
WWW 2024
[Link]
Reinforcement learning for optimizing rag for domain chatbots
Personalized Chatbot
RL+LLMs 2024 (AAAI Workshop)
[Link]
Name
Title
Personalized Presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
Penetrative AI: Making LLMs Comprehend the Physical World
User interaction with physical-world data via sensors
ACL Findings 2024
Link
Link
Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework
Personalized healthcare support via health data and knowledge base
arXiv 2024
Link
Link
RoleLLM
RoleLLM: Benchmarking, eliciting, and enhancing role-playing abilities of large language models
LLMs role-playing characters
arXiv 2024
Link
Character-llm
Character-llm: A trainable agent for role-playing
LLM character simulation with memory/personality
EMNLP 2023
Link
Link
InCharacter
Evaluating personality fidelity in role-playing agents through psychological interviews
Psychological evaluation of role-play agents
ACL 2024
Link
Link
Socialbench
Socialbench: Sociality evaluation of role-playing conversational agents
Benchmarking social interaction ability in role-playing
ACL Findings 2024
Link
Link
MMrole
Mmrole: A comprehensive framework for developing and evaluating multimodal role-playing agents
Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agents
ICLR 2025
Link
Link
Enhancing role-playing language models with personality-indicative data
Leveraging psychological scale questions for agent personality modelling
EMNLP Findings 2024
Link
Link
Enabling Conversational Interaction with Mobile UI using Large Language Models
Mobile UI interaction with LLMs
CHI 2023
Link
CharacterEval
A chinese benchmark for role-playing conversational agent evaluation
Chinese dataset for role-playing agent evaluation
arXiv 2024
Link
Link
Neeko
Neeko: Leveraging dynamic lora for efficient multi-character role-playing agent
Efficient multi-character simulation
EMNLP 2024
Link
Link
πΊοΈ 4.2 Planing and Execution
Name
Title
Personalized Presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
EMG-RAG
Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphs
Personalized assistant using user memory
EMNLP 2024
Link
Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior
Simulation of social and individual behaviors in Stanford Town
UIST 2023
Link
Conversational Health Agents: A Personalized LLM-Powered Agent Framework
Personalized healthcare support via health data and knowledge base
arXiv 2024
Link
Link
User Behavior Simulation with Large Language Model based Agents
Simulation of user behavior in recommender systems
arXiv 2024
Link
Personal Large Language Model Agents: A Case Study on Tailored Travel Planning
Tailored travel based on user preferences
EMNLP 2024
Link
PersonalWAB
Large Language Models Empowered Personalized Web Agents
User profile + web action optimization
WWW 2025 Oral
Link
Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models
Minecraft agent simulation and skill learning
TMLR 2024
Link
Link
MEMORYLLM: Towards Self-Updatable Large Language Models
Self-evolution via memory update
ICML 2024
Link
Bootstrap Your Own Skills: Learning to Solve New Tasks with Large Language Model Guidance
Robotic arm learning to manipulate objects
CoRL 2023
Link
Link
Enabling Conversational Interaction with Mobile UI using Large Language Models
Mobile UI interaction with LLMs
CHI 2023
Link
Penetrative AI: Making LLMs Comprehend the Physical World
User interaction with physical-world data via sensors
ACL Findings 2024
Link
Link
Language models as zero-shot planners: Extracting actionable knowledge for embodied agents
Task planning in virtual environments
ICML 2022
Link
Link
MetaGPT
Metagpt: Meta programming for multi-agent collaborative framework
Multi-agent collaboration for complex tasks
ICLR 2024
Link
OKR-Agent
Agents meet okr: An object and key results driven agent system with hierarchical self-collaboration and self-evaluation
Role-assigned agents solving creative tasks
arXiv 2023
Link
Link
Name
Title
Personalized Presentation
Publication
Paper Link
Code Link
Character-llm
Character-llm: A trainable agent for role-playing
LLM character simulation with memory/personality
EMNLP 2023
Link
Link
Investigating the Personality Consistency in Quantized Role-Playing Dialogue Agents
Robustness and consistency in constrained setups
EMNLP 2024
Link
MMrole
Mmrole: A comprehensive framework for developing and evaluating multimodal role-playing agents
Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agents
ICLR 2025
Link
Link
RoleLLM
RoleLLM: Benchmarking, eliciting, and enhancing role-playing abilities of large language models
LLMs role-playing characters
arXiv 2024
Link
Enhancing role-playing language models with personality-indicative data
Personality-focused character simulation
EMNLP 2024 Findings
Link
Link
InCharacter
Evaluating personality fidelity in role-playing agents through psychological interviews
Psychological evaluation of role-play agents
ACL 2024
Link
Link
Socialbench
Socialbench: Sociality evaluation of role-playing conversational agents
Benchmarking social interaction ability in role-playing
ACL Findings 2024
Link
Link
PersonaAgent
When Large Language Model Agents Meet Personalization at Test Time
Personalized LLM agent framework
arXiv 2025
Link
π Datasets and Evaluation
Field
Dataset
Metrics
Link
Query Rewriting
SCAN
Accuracy
Link
Query Rewriting
Robust04
Accuracy
Link
Query Rewriting
Avocado Research Email Collection
BLEU, ROUGE
Link
Query Rewriting
Amazon Review
BLEU, ROUGE
Link
Query Rewriting
Reddit Comments
BLEU, ROUGE
Link
Query Rewriting
Amazon ESCI Dataset
EM, ROUGE-L, XEntropy
Link
Query Rewriting
AOL
MAP, MRR, P@1
Link
Query Rewriting
WARRIORS
MRR, NDCG
Link
Query Rewriting
AITA WORKSM
Macro-F1, BS-F1
Link
Query Rewriting
PIP
PMS, Image-Align, ROUGE
Link
Query Expansion
Personalized Results Re-Ranking
MAP, MRR, NDCG, RBP
Link
Query Expansion
del.icio.us
Precision, MAP, MRR, Recall
Link
Query Expansion
Flickr
Precision
Link
Query Expansion
CiteULike
Recall, MAP, MRR
Link
Query Expansion
LRDP
Precision, Recall, F1
Link
Query Expansion
Delicious
MAP, MRR
Link
Query Expansion
Flickr
MAP, MRR
Link
Query Expansion
Bibsonomy
MAP, Precision, PQEC, Prof-overlap
Link
Other Query-related
Wikipedia
Precision, Recall
Link
Retrieval / Generation
TOPDIAL
BLEU, F1, Success Rate
Link
Retrieval / Generation
LiveChat
Recall, MRR
Link
Retrieval / Generation
PersonalityEvd
Accuracy, Fluency, Coherence, Plausibility
Link
Retrieval / Generation
Pchatbot
BLEU, ROUGE, Distinct, MRR
Link
Retrieval / Generation
DuLemon
Perplexity, BLEU, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1
Link
Retrieval / Generation
PersonalityEdit
ES, DD, Accuracy, TPEI, PAE
Link
Generation
LaMP
Accuracy, F1, MAE, RMSE, ROUGE
Link
Generation
LongLaMP
Accuracy, F1, MAE, RMSE, ROUGE
Link
Generation
PGraphRAG
ROUGE, METEOR, MAE, RMSE
Link
Generation
AmazonQA Products
ROUGE, Persona-F1
Link
Generation
Reddit
ROUGE, Persona-F1
Link
Generation
MedicalDialogue
ROUGE, Persona-F1
Link
Generation
Personalized-gen
Mean Success Rate, Median Relative Improvements, Fluency
Link
Genration
PersonaBench
Recall, F1, NDCG
Link
Generation
PERSONAMEM
Discriminative & Generative Settings
Link
Generation
REALTALK
Lexical Sim., Semantic Sim., EI, Partial-Exact-Match F1, LLM Accuracy
Link
Generation
UserBench
Best Exist Rate, Correct Exist Rate, Score, Search Attempt Valid, Action Attempt Valid, Preference Elicited
Link
π Related Surveys and Repositories
π Personalized Role-Playing
We sincerely welcome you to contribute to this repository!
π Whether you're adding new papers or datasets/benchmarks, fixing bugs, improving the documentation, or suggesting ideas, every bit of help is appreciated.
If you find this repository useful in your research, please consider citing our paper:
@article {li2025survey ,
title ={ A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent} ,
author ={ Li, Xiaopeng and Jia, Pengyue and Xu, Derong and Wen, Yi and Zhang, Yingyi and Zhang, Wenlin and Wang, Wanyu and Wang, Yichao and Du, Zhaocheng and Li, Xiangyang and others} ,
journal ={ arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.10147} ,
year ={ 2025}
}