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project:
type: book
output-dir: _site/drug-development-cost
execute-dir: project
resources:
- knowledge/data/
- assets/
- _redirects
- robots.txt
- llms.txt
# Custom fields for render-quarto.py
dih-render:
netlify-cname: "drug-cost-warondisease-org.netlify.app"
netlify-site-id: "d739329f-a0cb-44b9-91a1-9921345a75c2"
emoji: "💊"
index-source: knowledge/appendix/drug-development-cost-analysis.qmd
redirect-from: https://drug-cost.warondisease.org
fallback-404-redirect-domain: https://manual.WarOnDisease.org
pdf-output-file: drug-development-cost-analysis.pdf
show-confidence-intervals: true
concept-terms:
- term: "Drug Development Cost Increase Analysis"
manual-target: knowledge/problem/fda-is-unsafe-and-ineffective.qmd
favicon-prompt: "A pill capsule split open showing dollar signs spilling out"
profiles:
default:
dotenv:
allowEmptyValues: true
book:
title: "Drug Development Cost Increase Analysis"
author:
- name: Mike P. Sinn
email: m@warondisease.org
orcid: 0009-0006-0212-1094
affiliations:
- name: "Institute for Accelerated Medicine"
url: https://acceleratedmedicine.org
description: 'Rigorous analysis of the 105x increase in drug development costs from pre-1962 to 2024, using Baily (1972) academic study with CPI adjustments and sensitivity analysis'
abstract: "Drug development costs have increased approximately 105x in real terms since the 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment. This analysis uses the Baily (1972) academic study as the primary source, adjusts for inflation via Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI data, and validates the finding against six independent real-world price comparisons: generic vs. brand-name drugs, supplements vs. prescriptions, compounding pharmacies vs. FDA-approved products, veterinary vs. human drugs, orphan drug pricing, and historical antibiotic economics. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis confirms the estimate is robust across plausible input ranges. The magnitude is consistent with independent estimates of 100-400x from multiple research groups."
site-url: https://manual.warondisease.org/knowledge/appendix/drug-development-cost-analysis.html
favicon: assets/icons/economics-favicon.png
page-navigation: true
chapters:
- index.qmd
- knowledge/appendix/parameters-and-calculations.qmd
- knowledge/references.qmd
navbar:
right:
- text: "Calculations"
href: knowledge/appendix/parameters-and-calculations.qmd
- text: "Full Manual"
href: https://manual.WarOnDisease.org
sidebar:
collapse-level: 1
style: "floating"
search: true
contents:
- section: "Analysis"
contents:
- href: index.html
text: "Drug Development Cost Analysis"
- href: knowledge/references.qmd
text: "References & Citations"
- section: "Appendices"
contents:
- href: knowledge/appendix/parameters-and-calculations.qmd
text: "Parameters & Calculations"
- section: "Related Materials"
contents:
- href: https://manual.warondisease.org
text: "Full Manual →"
- href: https://impact.warondisease.org
text: "1% Treaty Economic Analysis →"
- href: https://invisible-graveyard.warondisease.org
text: "Invisible Graveyard Paper →"
execute:
fig-path: "knowledge/figures/"
cache: false
freeze: auto
daemon: 300
daemon-restart: false
env:
PYTHONPATH: "."
metadata:
doi: "10.5281/zenodo.19077569"
# Zenodo Concept DOI (stable across all versions - use for citations and new versions)
importance: 20
creator: "Mike P. Sinn"
orcid: "0009-0006-0212-1094"
primary-author: "Mike P. Sinn"
byline: "Mike P. Sinn"
human-author: "Mike P. Sinn"
author-email: "mike@warondisease.org"
author-url: "https://mikesinn.com"
author-website: "https://mikesinn.com"
contact: "mike@warondisease.org"
language: "en-US"
subject: "Drug Development, Health Economics, Regulatory Analysis, FDA Policy"
category: "Non-fiction, Health Economics, Regulatory Analysis"
coi-statement: "The author declares no competing interests, beyond a strong personal preference for being alive, which may bias conclusions toward 'we should spend less money on things that explode and more on things that cure.'"
data-availability: "All data and code used in this analysis are publicly available at https://github.com/wishonia/earth-optimization-protocol"
ethics-statement: "This research did not involve human experimentation. Spending 105x more on regulatory paperwork than actual drug manufacturing while diseases remain untreated is, however, arguably an uncontrolled experiment in bureaucratic homicide."
funding: "This research received no funding. The annual cost of producing it was less than the FDA charges for a single pre-submission meeting."
github-profile: "https://github.com/mikepsinn"
linkedin: "https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikesinn"
orcid-url: "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0212-1094"
twitter-creator: "https://x.com/warondisease"
twitter-site: "https://x.com/warondisease"
google-scholar: "https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RjDd_qcAAAAJ"
keywords:
- drug-development-cost
- fda-regulation
- kefauver-harris-amendment
- clinical-trials
- pharmaceutical-economics
- regulatory-burden
- health-economics
- baily-1972
- tufts-csdd
- orphan-drugs
version: "1.0.0"
edition: "First Edition"
copyright: "© 2025 The Institute for Accelerated Medicine"
copyright-year: "2025"
license: "CC BY-NC 4.0"
license-url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
rights: "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License"
publisher: "Institute for Accelerated Medicine"
publisher-url: "https://acceleratedmedicine.org"
publisher-name: "Mike P. Sinn"
publisher-email: "mike@warondisease.org"
repo-url: "https://github.com/wishonia/earth-optimization-protocol"
issue-url: "https://github.com/wishonia/earth-optimization-protocol/issues"
source-url: "https://github.com/wishonia/earth-optimization-protocol"
geographic-coverage: "Global"
audience: "Policy Makers, Health Economists, Pharmaceutical Researchers, Regulatory Reform Advocates"
format: "Working Paper"
type: "Economic Analysis"
genre: "Health Economics, Regulatory Analysis"
medium: "Digital"
open-graph: true
image: "https://manual.warondisease.org/assets/og/drug-development-cost-og-1200x630.jpg"
# Remove "Appendix" prefix from appendix chapters
language:
crossref-apx-prefix: ""
section-title-appendices: ""
# Bibliography: Single source of truth for all citations
bibliography: references.bib
csl: nature-annotated.csl
jupyter: dih-project-kernel
format:
html:
lightbox: auto
theme:
- cosmo
mermaid:
theme: neutral
echo: false
number-sections: false
toc: true
toc-depth: 3
css:
- styles.css
- economics-overrides.css
include-in-footer:
- file: assets/html/generated-footer.html
include-after-body:
- file: assets/html/site-enhancements-loader.html
include-in-header:
- file: assets/html/google-analytics.html
- file: assets/html/hypothesis.html
- file: assets/html/fonts-preload.html
include-before-body:
- file: assets/html/page-loader.html
citation-hover: true
code-fold: true
link-citations: true
smooth-scroll: true
code-tools: false
filters: [assets/filters/live-version-note.lua]
pdf:
output-file: "drug-development-cost-analysis.pdf"
documentclass: report
institute: "Institute for Accelerated Medicine"
echo: false
toc: true
toc-depth: 3
number-sections: false
colorlinks: true
link-citations: true
include-in-header:
- callout-bw.tex
- institute-header.tex
- text: |
\paperurl{https://manual.warondisease.org/knowledge/appendix/drug-development-cost-analysis.html}
geometry:
- top=1in
- bottom=1in
- left=1in
- right=1in
fontsize: 11pt
date: ""
filters: [assets/filters/live-version-note.lua]