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diff --git a/openviking_cli/doctor.py b/openviking_cli/doctor.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0783be265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/openviking_cli/doctor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Beijing Volcano Engine Technology Co., Ltd.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+"""ov doctor - validate OpenViking subsystems and report actionable diagnostics.
+
+Unlike ``ov health`` (which pings a running server), ``ov doctor`` checks
+local prerequisites without requiring a server: config file, Python version,
+native vector engine, AGFS, embedding provider, VLM provider, and disk space.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+# ANSI helpers (disabled when stdout is not a terminal)
+_USE_COLOR = hasattr(sys.stdout, "isatty") and sys.stdout.isatty()
+
+
+def _green(text: str) -> str:
+    return f"\033[32m{text}\033[0m" if _USE_COLOR else text
+
+
+def _red(text: str) -> str:
+    return f"\033[31m{text}\033[0m" if _USE_COLOR else text
+
+
+def _yellow(text: str) -> str:
+    return f"\033[33m{text}\033[0m" if _USE_COLOR else text
+
+
+def _dim(text: str) -> str:
+    return f"\033[2m{text}\033[0m" if _USE_COLOR else text
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Individual check functions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_CONFIG_SEARCH_PATHS = [
+    Path(os.environ.get("OPENVIKING_CONFIG_FILE", "")),
+    Path.home() / ".openviking" / "ov.conf",
+    Path("/etc/openviking/ov.conf"),
+]
+
+
+def _find_config() -> Optional[Path]:
+    for p in _CONFIG_SEARCH_PATHS:
+        if p and p.is_file():
+            return p
+    return None
+
+
+def check_config() -> tuple[bool, str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Validate ov.conf exists and is valid JSON with required sections."""
+    config_path = _find_config()
+    if config_path is None:
+        locations = ", ".join(str(p) for p in _CONFIG_SEARCH_PATHS[1:])
+        return (
+            False,
+            "Configuration file not found",
+            f"Create {locations} or set OPENVIKING_CONFIG_FILE",
+        )
+
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+        return False, f"Invalid JSON in {config_path}", f"Fix syntax error: {exc}"
+
+    missing = [key for key in ("embedding",) if key not in data]
+    if missing:
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"{config_path} missing required sections: {', '.join(missing)}",
+            "Add the missing sections (see examples/ov.conf.example)",
+        )
+
+    return True, str(config_path), None
+
+
+def check_python() -> tuple[bool, str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Verify Python >= 3.10."""
+    version = sys.version_info
+    version_str = f"{version[0]}.{version[1]}.{version[2]}"
+    if version >= (3, 10):
+        return True, f"{version_str} (>= 3.10 required)", None
+    return (
+        False,
+        f"{version_str} (>= 3.10 required)",
+        "Upgrade Python to 3.10 or later",
+    )
+
+
+def check_native_engine() -> tuple[bool, str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Check if the native vector engine (PersistStore) is available."""
+    try:
+        from openviking.storage.vectordb.engine import (
+            AVAILABLE_ENGINE_VARIANTS,
+            ENGINE_VARIANT,
+        )
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"Cannot import engine module: {exc}",
+            "pip install openviking --upgrade --force-reinstall",
+        )
+
+    if ENGINE_VARIANT == "unavailable":
+        variants = ", ".join(AVAILABLE_ENGINE_VARIANTS) if AVAILABLE_ENGINE_VARIANTS else "none"
+        machine = platform.machine()
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"No compatible engine variant (platform: {machine}, packaged: {variants})",
+            'pip install openviking --upgrade --force-reinstall\n  Alt: Use vectordb.backend = "volcengine" instead of "local"',
+        )
+
+    return True, f"variant={ENGINE_VARIANT}", None
+
+
+def check_agfs() -> tuple[bool, str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Verify pyagfs module loads."""
+    try:
+        import pyagfs
+
+        version = getattr(pyagfs, "__version__", "unknown")
+        return True, f"pyagfs {version}", None
+    except ImportError:
+        return (
+            False,
+            "pyagfs module not found",
+            "pip install openviking --upgrade --force-reinstall",
+        )
+
+
+def check_embedding() -> tuple[bool, str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Load embedding config and verify provider connectivity."""
+    config_path = _find_config()
+    if config_path is None:
+        return False, "Cannot check (no config file)", None
+
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except Exception:
+        return False, "Cannot check (config unreadable)", None
+
+    embedding = data.get("embedding", {})
+    dense = embedding.get("dense", {})
+    provider = dense.get("provider", "unknown")
+    model = dense.get("model", "unknown")
+
+    if provider == "unknown":
+        return False, "No embedding provider configured", "Add embedding.dense section to ov.conf"
+
+    api_key = dense.get("api_key", os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY", ""))
+    if not api_key or api_key.startswith("{"):
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"{provider}/{model} (no API key)",
+            "Set embedding.dense.api_key in ov.conf or OPENAI_API_KEY env var",
+        )
+
+    return True, f"{provider}/{model}", None
+
+
+def check_vlm() -> tuple[bool, str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Load VLM config and verify it's configured."""
+    config_path = _find_config()
+    if config_path is None:
+        return False, "Cannot check (no config file)", None
+
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except Exception:
+        return False, "Cannot check (config unreadable)", None
+
+    vlm = data.get("vlm", {})
+    provider = vlm.get("provider", "")
+    model = vlm.get("model", "")
+
+    if not provider:
+        return False, "No VLM provider configured", "Add vlm section to ov.conf"
+
+    api_key = vlm.get("api_key", os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY", ""))
+    if not api_key or api_key.startswith("{"):
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"{provider}/{model} (no API key)",
+            "Set vlm.api_key in ov.conf or set the provider's API key env var",
+        )
+
+    return True, f"{provider}/{model}", None
+
+
+def check_disk() -> tuple[bool, str, Optional[str]]:
+    """Check free disk space in the workspace directory."""
+    config_path = _find_config()
+    workspace = Path.home() / ".openviking"
+
+    if config_path:
+        try:
+            data = json.loads(config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+            ws = data.get("storage", {}).get("workspace", "")
+            if ws:
+                workspace = Path(ws).expanduser()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    check_path = workspace if workspace.exists() else Path.home()
+
+    usage = shutil.disk_usage(check_path)
+    free_gb = usage.free / (1024**3)
+
+    if free_gb < 1.0:
+        return (
+            False,
+            f"{free_gb:.1f} GB free in {check_path}",
+            "Free up disk space (OpenViking needs at least 1 GB for vector storage)",
+        )
+
+    return True, f"{free_gb:.1f} GB free in {check_path}", None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main orchestrator
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_CHECKS = [
+    ("Config", check_config),
+    ("Python", check_python),
+    ("Native Engine", check_native_engine),
+    ("AGFS", check_agfs),
+    ("Embedding", check_embedding),
+    ("VLM", check_vlm),
+    ("Disk", check_disk),
+]
+
+
+def run_doctor() -> int:
+    """Run all diagnostic checks and print a formatted report.
+
+    Returns 0 if all checks pass, 1 otherwise.
+    """
+    print("\nOpenViking Doctor\n")
+
+    failed = 0
+    max_label = max(len(label) for label, _ in _CHECKS)
+
+    for label, check_fn in _CHECKS:
+        try:
+            ok, detail, fix = check_fn()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            ok, detail, fix = False, f"Unexpected error: {exc}", None
+
+        pad = " " * (max_label - len(label) + 1)
+        if ok:
+            status = _green("PASS")
+            print(f"  {label}:{pad}{status}  {detail}")
+        else:
+            status = _red("FAIL")
+            print(f"  {label}:{pad}{status}  {detail}")
+            failed += 1
+            if fix:
+                for line in fix.split("\n"):
+                    print(f"  {' ' * (max_label + 2)}{_dim('Fix: ' + line)}")
+
+    print()
+    if failed:
+        print(f"  {_red(f'{failed} check(s) failed.')} See above for fix suggestions.\n")
+        return 1
+
+    print(f"  {_green('All checks passed.')}\n")
+    return 0
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    """Entry point for ``ov doctor``."""
+    return run_doctor()
diff --git a/openviking_cli/rust_cli.py b/openviking_cli/rust_cli.py
index 7242b454c..52c3b23d4 100644
--- a/openviking_cli/rust_cli.py
+++ b/openviking_cli/rust_cli.py
@@ -44,10 +44,16 @@ def main():
     极简入口点：查找 ov 二进制并执行
 
     按优先级查找：
-    0. ./target/release/ov（开发环境）
-    1. Wheel 自带：{package_dir}/openviking/bin/ov
-    2. PATH 查找：系统全局安装的 ov
+    0. Python-native 子命令（doctor）
+    1. ./target/release/ov（开发环境）
+    2. Wheel 自带：{package_dir}/openviking/bin/ov
+    3. PATH 查找：系统全局安装的 ov
     """
+    # 0. Python-native subcommands (no Rust binary needed)
+    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == "doctor":
+        from openviking_cli.doctor import main as doctor_main
+
+        sys.exit(doctor_main())
     # 0. 检查开发环境（仅在直接运行脚本时有效）
     try:
         # __file__ is openviking_cli/rust_cli.py, so parent is openviking_cli directory
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_doctor.py b/tests/cli/test_doctor.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..878002a09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_doctor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Beijing Volcano Engine Technology Co., Ltd.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+"""Tests for ``ov doctor`` diagnostic checks."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from openviking_cli.doctor import (
+    check_agfs,
+    check_config,
+    check_disk,
+    check_embedding,
+    check_native_engine,
+    check_python,
+    check_vlm,
+    run_doctor,
+)
+
+
+class TestCheckConfig:
+    def test_pass_with_valid_config(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text(json.dumps({"embedding": {"dense": {}}}))
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_config()
+        assert ok
+        assert str(config) in detail
+
+    def test_fail_missing_config(self):
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=None):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_config()
+        assert not ok
+        assert "not found" in detail
+        assert fix is not None
+
+    def test_fail_invalid_json(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text("{bad json")
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_config()
+        assert not ok
+        assert "Invalid JSON" in detail
+
+    def test_fail_missing_embedding_section(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text(json.dumps({"server": {}}))
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_config()
+        assert not ok
+        assert "embedding" in detail
+
+
+class TestCheckPython:
+    def test_pass_current_python(self):
+        ok, detail, fix = check_python()
+        assert ok  # Tests run on Python >= 3.10
+
+    def test_fail_old_python(self):
+        with patch.object(sys, "version_info", (3, 9, 0, "final", 0)):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_python()
+        assert not ok
+        assert "3.9.0" in detail
+
+
+class TestCheckNativeEngine:
+    def test_pass_when_available(self):
+        with patch(
+            "openviking_cli.doctor.ENGINE_VARIANT",
+            "native",
+            create=True,
+        ):
+            # Need to patch the import itself
+            import openviking.storage.vectordb.engine as engine_mod
+
+            original_variant = engine_mod.ENGINE_VARIANT
+            engine_mod.ENGINE_VARIANT = "native"
+            try:
+                ok, detail, fix = check_native_engine()
+                assert ok
+                assert "native" in detail
+            finally:
+                engine_mod.ENGINE_VARIANT = original_variant
+
+    def test_fail_when_unavailable(self):
+        import openviking.storage.vectordb.engine as engine_mod
+
+        original_variant = engine_mod.ENGINE_VARIANT
+        original_available = engine_mod.AVAILABLE_ENGINE_VARIANTS
+        engine_mod.ENGINE_VARIANT = "unavailable"
+        engine_mod.AVAILABLE_ENGINE_VARIANTS = ()
+        try:
+            ok, detail, fix = check_native_engine()
+            assert not ok
+            assert "No compatible" in detail
+            assert fix is not None
+        finally:
+            engine_mod.ENGINE_VARIANT = original_variant
+            engine_mod.AVAILABLE_ENGINE_VARIANTS = original_available
+
+
+class TestCheckAgfs:
+    def test_pass_when_importable(self):
+        # pyagfs may not load cleanly in all envs (e.g. dev source checkout)
+        ok, detail, fix = check_agfs()
+        # Just verify it returns a valid tuple - pass/fail depends on environment
+        assert isinstance(ok, bool)
+        assert isinstance(detail, str)
+
+    def test_fail_when_missing(self):
+        with patch.dict(sys.modules, {"pyagfs": None}):
+            # Force ImportError by removing from sys.modules
+            saved = sys.modules.pop("pyagfs", None)
+            try:
+                with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=_import_fail("pyagfs")):
+                    ok, detail, fix = check_agfs()
+                assert not ok
+            finally:
+                if saved is not None:
+                    sys.modules["pyagfs"] = saved
+
+
+class TestCheckEmbedding:
+    def test_pass_with_api_key(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text(
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "embedding": {
+                        "dense": {
+                            "provider": "openai",
+                            "model": "text-embedding-3-small",
+                            "api_key": "sk-test123",
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            )
+        )
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_embedding()
+        assert ok
+        assert "openai" in detail
+
+    def test_fail_no_api_key(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text(
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "embedding": {
+                        "dense": {
+                            "provider": "openai",
+                            "model": "text-embedding-3-small",
+                            "api_key": "{your-api-key}",
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            )
+        )
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=False):
+                os.environ.pop("OPENAI_API_KEY", None)
+                ok, detail, fix = check_embedding()
+        assert not ok
+        assert "no API key" in detail
+
+
+class TestCheckVlm:
+    def test_pass_with_config(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text(
+            json.dumps(
+                {"vlm": {"provider": "openai", "model": "gpt-4o-mini", "api_key": "sk-test"}}
+            )
+        )
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_vlm()
+        assert ok
+
+    def test_fail_no_provider(self, tmp_path: Path):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text(json.dumps({"vlm": {}}))
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            ok, detail, fix = check_vlm()
+        assert not ok
+
+
+class TestCheckDisk:
+    def test_pass_normal_disk(self):
+        ok, detail, fix = check_disk()
+        # Should pass on any dev machine
+        assert ok
+        assert "GB free" in detail
+
+
+class TestRunDoctor:
+    def test_returns_zero_when_all_pass(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys):
+        config = tmp_path / "ov.conf"
+        config.write_text(
+            json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "embedding": {"dense": {"provider": "openai", "model": "m", "api_key": "sk-x"}},
+                    "vlm": {"provider": "openai", "model": "m", "api_key": "sk-x"},
+                }
+            )
+        )
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=config):
+            code = run_doctor()
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "OpenViking Doctor" in captured.out
+        # May not be 0 if native engine is missing, but the function should complete
+        assert isinstance(code, int)
+
+    def test_returns_one_on_failure(self, capsys):
+        with patch("openviking_cli.doctor._find_config", return_value=None):
+            code = run_doctor()
+        assert code == 1
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "FAIL" in captured.out
+
+
+def _import_fail(blocked_name: str):
+    """Return an __import__ replacement that blocks one specific module."""
+    real_import = __builtins__.__import__ if hasattr(__builtins__, "__import__") else __import__
+
+    def _mock_import(name, *args, **kwargs):
+        if name == blocked_name:
+            raise ImportError(f"Mocked: {name}")
+        return real_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return _mock_import