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<title>HTML Microdata</title>
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<p></p>
<h1 class="title p-name" id="title" property="dcterms:title">HTML Microdata</h1>
<h2 id="w3c-working-draft-26-june-2017"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft <time property="dcterms:issued" class="dt-published" datetime="2017-06-26">26 June 2017</time></h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd><a class="u-url" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-microdata-20170626/">https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-microdata-20170626/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest published version:</dt>
<dd><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/">https://www.w3.org/TR/microdata/</a></dd>
<dt>Latest editor's draft:</dt>
<dd><a href="https://w3c.github.io/microdata/">https://w3c.github.io/microdata/</a></dd>
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
<dd><a rel="dcterms:replaces" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-microdata-20170504/">https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-microdata-20170504/</a></dd>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
<dd class="p-author h-card vcard" property="bibo:editor" resource="_:editor0" data-editor-id="6222"><span property="rdf:first" typeof="foaf:Person"><span property="foaf:name" class="p-name fn">Chaals McCathie Nevile</span>, <a property="foaf:workplaceHomepage" class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="http://yandex.com/">Yandex / Яндекс</a>, <span class="ed_mailto"><a class="u-email email" property="foaf:mbox" href="mailto:chaals@yandex.ru">chaals@yandex.ru</a></span></span>
<span property="rdf:rest" resource="_:editor1"></span>
</dd>
<dd class="p-author h-card vcard" resource="_:editor1" data-editor-id="6350"><span property="rdf:first" typeof="foaf:Person"><span property="foaf:name" class="p-name fn">Dan Brickley</span>, <a property="foaf:workplaceHomepage" class="p-org org h-org h-card" href="https://google.com/">Google, Inc.</a>, <span class="ed_mailto"><a class="u-email email" property="foaf:mbox" href="mailto:danbri@google.com">danbri@google.com</a></span></span>
<span property="rdf:rest" resource="rdf:nil"></span>
</dd>
<dt>Former Editor (Until October 2013):</dt>
<dd>
Ian Hickson, Google, Inc.
</dd>
<dt>Repository:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/microdata">
We are on GitHub.
</a>
</dd>
<dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/microdata/issues">
File a bug.
</a>
</dd>
<dd>
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/microdata/commits/gh-pages/index.html">
Commit history.
</a>
</dd>
<dt>Mailing list:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapps/">
public-webapps@w3.org
</a>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="copyright">
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2017
<a href="https://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>,
<a href="https://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>,
<a href="https://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>).
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a> and
<a rel="license" href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document">permissive document license</a> rules apply.
</p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<section id="abstract" class="introductory" property="dc:abstract">
<h2 id="h-abstract" resource="#h-abstract"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading">Abstract</span></h2>
<p>This specification defines new HTML attributes to embed machine-readable data in HTML documents in a style similar to RDFa. It is compatible with JSON, and <em>can</em> be written in a style which is convertible to RDF, although two-way conversion is not lossless.</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd" class="introductory">
<h2 id="h-sotd" resource="#h-sotd"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading">Status of This Document</span></h2>
<p>
<em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> technical reports index</a> at https://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
</p>
<p>This document is a milestone Working Draft, published as an update to the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-microdata-20170504/">4 May 2017 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> First Public Working Draft</a>.</p>
<p>This specification is an extension to HTML. All normative content in the HTML specification not specifically overridden by this specification is intended to be normative for this specification. [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML52">HTML52</a></cite>]</p>
<p>Review is sought, particularly for the changes made in
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/microdata/pull/49">how property names are determined</a> and questions of internationalisation. A <a href="#changes">list of substantive changes</a> is included to help guide reviewers, as well as full details of changes made. Ideally review comments will be provided before 15 July 2017, and a Candidate Recommendation incorporating revisions published by the end of July.</p>
<!-- where to send feedback (required) -->
<p>If you wish to make comments regarding this document please
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/microdata/issues">submit them as github issues</a>. All feedback is welcome, but please note the
<a href="https://github.com/w3c/microdata/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md">contribution guidelines</a> require agreement to the terms of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy for substantive contributions.</p>
<p>
This document was published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WebPlatform/WG/">Web Platform Working Group</a> as a Working Draft. This document is intended to become a <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Recommendation.
</p>
<p>
Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
</p>
<p>
This document was produced by a group operating under the
<a id="sotd_patent" property="w3p:patentRules" href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February 2004 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent
Policy</a>.
<abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> maintains a <a href="https://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/83482/status" rel="disclosure">public list of any patent
disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
</p>
<p>This document is governed by the <a id="w3c_process_revision" href="https://www.w3.org/2017/Process-20170301/">1 March 2017 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Process Document</a>.
</p>
</section>
<nav id="toc">
<h2 class="introductory" id="table-of-contents" resource="#table-of-contents"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading">Table of Contents</span></h2>
<ol class="toc" role="directory">
<li class="tocline"><a href="#dependencies" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">1. </span>Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#terminology" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">2. </span>Terminology</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#conformance" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#sec-navigation-timing" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4. </span>Introduction</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline"><a href="#overview" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Overview</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#the-basic-syntax" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>The basic syntax</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#typed-items" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Typed items</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#global-identifiers-for-items" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Global identifiers for items</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Selecting names when defining vocabularies</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#encoding-microdata" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5. </span>Encoding microdata</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline"><a href="#the-microdata-model" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>The microdata model</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#items" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>Items: <span class="formerLink" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemscope</code></span>, <span class="formerLink" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemtype</code></span>, and <span class="formerLink" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemid</code></span>.</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#names:-the-itemprop-attribute" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Properties: the <span data-dfn-type="dfn"><code>itemprop</code></span> and <span class="formerLink" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemref</code></span> attributes</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#values" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Values: the <span data-dfn-type="dfn"><code>content</code></span> attribute.</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#associating-names-with-items" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Associating names with items</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#converting-html-to-other-formats" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6. </span>Converting Microdata to other formats</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline"><a href="#json" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">6.1 </span>JSON</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#other-changes-to-html5" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7. </span>Changes to HTML</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline"><a href="#new-attributes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7.1 </span>New attributes</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#content-models" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">7.2 </span>Content models</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#a11y-considerations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">8. </span>Accessibility and microdata</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#i18n-considerations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">9. </span>Internationalisation and localisation</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#privacy-considerations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">10. </span>Privacy Considerations</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#security-considerations" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">11. </span>Security Considerations</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#iana" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">12. </span>IANA considerations</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#changes" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">13. </span>Changes</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgements" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">14. </span>Acknowledgements</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A. </span>References</a>
<ol class="toc">
<li class="tocline"><a href="#normative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A.1 </span>Normative references</a></li>
<li class="tocline"><a href="#informative-references" class="tocxref"><span class="secno">A.2 </span>Informative references</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</nav>
<!--YYY-->
<section id="dependencies" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#dependencies" property="bibo:hasPart">
<!--OddPage-->
<h2 id="h-dependencies" resource="#h-dependencies"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading"><span class="secno">1. </span>Dependencies</span>
</h2>
<p>This specification depends on the HTML specification and its extensions for definitions of individual HTML elements and attributes. [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML52">HTML52</a></cite>][<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-html-extensions">html-extensions</a></cite>]</p>
<p>Information expressed as microdata can be converted to JSON, as described in <a href="#json">Section 6.1</a>. Microdata can be converted to RDF, for example via conversion to JSON-LD or RDFa, if additional constraints are applied to the microdata content. A process to convert microdata directly to RDF is described in <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/microdata-rdf">Microdata to RDF</a>. [
<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-JSON">JSON</a></cite>] [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-rdfa-core">rdfa-core</a></cite>] [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-microdata-rdf">microdata-rdf</a></cite>]</p>
</section>
<section id="terminology" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#terminology" property="bibo:hasPart">
<!--OddPage-->
<h2 id="h-terminology" resource="#h-terminology"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading"><span class="secno">2. </span>Terminology</span>
</h2>
<p>For the purposes of this specification, the terms "URL" and "URI" are equivalent. The URL specification, and RFC 3986 which uses the term URI, define a <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-url">URL</dfn>,
<dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-valid-url">valid URL</dfn>, and <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-absolute-url">absolute URL</dfn>. [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>][<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-URL">URL</a></cite>]</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>A <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-valid-absolute-url">valid absolute URL</dfn> is an <a href="#dfn-absolute-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">absolute URL</a> which is <a data-lt="valid URL" href="#dfn-valid-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">valid</a>.</p>
<p>RFC 3986 defines the term <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-resolve-a-url">resolve a URL</dfn> [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC3986">RFC3986</a></cite>].</p>
<p>DOM 4.1 defines <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-textcontent"><code>textContent</code></dfn> for attributes, and for elements or nodes, as well as the term <dfn id="tree-order" data-dfn-type="dfn">tree order</dfn>. [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-DOM41">DOM41</a></cite>]</p>
<!-- and this spec uses tree order once… badly -->
<p>This specification relies on the HTML specification to define the following terms: [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-HTML52">HTML52</a></cite>]</p>
<ul>
<li><dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-space-characters">space characters</dfn>, <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-split-a-string-on-spaces">split a string on spaces</dfn>, and an
<dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens">unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</dfn>.</li>
<li><dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-html-element-global-attribute-boolean-attribute.x">HTML Element</dfn>, <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-global-attribute">global attribute</dfn>, <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-boolean-attribute">boolean attribute</dfn>.
</li>
<li>An element's <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-id">ID</dfn> and <dfn id="language" data-dfn-type="dfn">language</dfn>.</li>
<li><dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-flow-content">flow content</dfn> and <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-phrasing-content">phrasing content</dfn>.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="conformance" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#conformance" property="bibo:hasPart">
<!--OddPage-->
<h2 id="h-conformance" resource="#h-conformance"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading"><span class="secno">3. </span>Conformance</span>
</h2>
<p>
As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.
</p>
<p>The key words "must", "must not", "should", "should not", and "may" in the normative parts of this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119. [<cite><a class="bibref" href="#bib-RFC2119">RFC2119</a></cite>]</p>
<p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms (such as "strip any leading space characters" or "return false and abort these steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the key word ("must", "should", "may", etc) used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>For example, were the spec to say:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs markdown">To eat an orange, the user must:
<span class="hljs-bullet">1. </span>Peel the orange.
<span class="hljs-bullet">2. </span>Separate each slice of the orange.
<span class="hljs-bullet">3. </span>Eat the orange slices.</pre>
<p>...it would be equivalent to the following:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs markdown">To eat an orange:
<span class="hljs-bullet">1. </span>The user must peel the orange.
<span class="hljs-bullet">2. </span>The user must separate each slice of the orange.
<span class="hljs-bullet">3. </span>The user must eat the orange slices.</pre>
<p>Here the key word is "must".</p>
<p>The former (imperative) style is generally preferred in this specification for stylistic reasons.
</p>
</div>
<p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps may be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is equivalent. (In particular, the algorithms defined in this specification are intended to be easy to follow, and not intended to be performant.)</p>
</section>
<section id="sec-navigation-timing" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#sec-navigation-timing" property="bibo:hasPart">
<!--OddPage-->
<h2 id="h-sec-navigation-timing" resource="#h-sec-navigation-timing"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading"><span class="secno">4. </span>Introduction</span>
</h2>
<section id="overview" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#overview" property="bibo:hasPart">
<h3 id="h-overview" resource="#h-overview"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>Overview</span>
</h3>
<p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
<p>Sometimes, it is desirable to annotate content with specific machine-readable labels. For example, search engines can better identify page content using schema.org annotations, and content management systems can find and use information from documents, if it is marked up in a known way.</p>
<p>Microdata provides a simple mechanism to label content in a document, so it can be processed as a set of <a data-lt="concept item" href="#dfn-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">items</a> described by name-value pairs.</p>
<p>Each name-value pair identifies a <a data-lt="item property" href="#dfn-property" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">property</a> of the item, and a <a data-lt="property value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">value</a> of that property.</p>
<figure id="fig-a-common-way-to-represent-items-properties-and-values-graphically">
<figcaption>Figure <span class="figno">1</span> <span class="fig-title">
A common way to represent items, properties and values graphically
</span></figcaption>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 300 45">
<g id="diagram1-item">
<title>An Item</title>
<ellipse class="item" cx="50" cy="25" rx="40" ry="15" style="fill: none; stroke: #005; stroke-width: 2"></ellipse>
<text x="35" y="30" style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 14px; fill: #f00">Item</text>
</g>
<g id="diagram1-property">
<title>A Property</title>
<path d="M95,23h90v-8l10,10l-10,10v-8h-90z"></path>
<text x="105" y="19" style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 14px; fill: #f00">Property</text>
</g>
<g id="diagram1-value">
<title>A Value</title>
<rect class="value-box" x="200" y="10" width="80" height="30" style="fill: none; stroke: #dd0; stroke-width: 2"></rect>
<text x="215" y="30" style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 14px; fill: #f00">Value</text>
</g>
</svg></p>
</figure>
<p>The value of a property may be an item.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-basic-syntax" typeof="bibo:Chapter" resource="#the-basic-syntax" property="bibo:hasPart">
<h3 id="h-the-basic-syntax" resource="#h-the-basic-syntax"><span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>The basic syntax</span>
</h3>
<p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
<p><a data-lt="concept item" href="#dfn-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">Items</a> and properties are generally represented by regular elements.</p>
<p>The <a href="#dfn-itemscope" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemscope</code></a> attribute creates an <a data-lt="concept item" href="#dfn-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">item</a>.</p>
<p>The <a href="#dfn-itemprop" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemprop</code></a> attribute on a descendent element of an <a data-lt="concept item" href="#dfn-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">item's</a> identifies a <a href="#dfn-property" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">property</a> of that item. Typically, the text content of that element is the <a data-lt="property value" href="#dfn-value" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">value</a> of that property.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>Here there are two items, each of which has the property "name":</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>My name is
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Elizabeth<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>.<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>My name is
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Daniel<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>.<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></pre>
<figure id="fig-the-example-represented-graphically-two-items-each-with-a-value-for-the-property-name-item-name-elizabeth-item-name-daniel">
<figcaption>Figure <span class="figno">2</span> <span class="fig-title">The example represented graphically: two items, each with a value for the property <code>name</code></span></figcaption>
<svg viewBox="0 0 300 105">
<g id="ex2-first-item">
<g id="ex2-item1">
<ellipse class="item" cx="50" cy="30" rx="40" ry="15" style="fill: none; stroke: #005; stroke-width: 2"></ellipse>
<text x="35" y="35" style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 14px; fill: #f00">Item</text>
</g>
<g id="ex2-property1">
<path d="M95,28h90v-8l10,10l-10,10v-8h-90z"></path>
<text x="125" y="24" class="property" style="font-family: 'Arial'; fill: #00a; font-size: 8px">name</text>
</g>
<g id="ex2-value1">
<rect class="value-box" x="200" y="15" width="80" height="30" style="fill: none; stroke: #dd0; stroke-width: 2"></rect>
<text x="210" y="35" class="value" style="fill: #000">Elizabeth</text>
</g>
</g>
<g id="ex2-second-item">
<g id="ex2-item2">
<ellipse class="item" cx="50" cy="80" rx="40" ry="15" style="fill: none; stroke: #005; stroke-width: 2"></ellipse>
<text x="35" y="85" style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 14px; fill: #f00">Item</text>
</g>
<g id="ex2-property2">
<path d="M95,78h90v-8l10,10l-10,10v-8h-90z"></path>
<text x="125" y="74" class="property" style="fill: #00a; font-size: 8px">name</text>
</g>
<g id="ex2-value2">
<rect class="value-box" x="200" y="65" width="80" height="30" style="fill: none; stroke: #dd0; stroke-width: 2"></rect>
<text x="210" y="85" class="value" style="fill: #000">Daniel</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</figure>
</div>
<p>Markup other than microdata attributes has no effect on microdata.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>These two examples are exactly equivalent, at a microdata level, as the previous two examples respectively:
</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>My <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">em</span>></span>name<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">em</span>></span> is
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>E<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">strong</span>></span>liz<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">strong</span>></span>abeth<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>.<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">section</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">aside</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>My name is
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">a</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"/?user=daniel"</span>></span>Daniel<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">a</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>.<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">aside</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">section</span>></span></pre>
<div class="warning">
<div class="warning-title marker"><span>Warning</span></div>
<p class="">Note that this means any information recorded in markup for purposes such as internationalisation or accessibility will be lost in the conversion to data.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>Properties generally have values that are strings.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>Here the item has three properties:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>My name is <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Neil<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>.<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>My band is called <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"band"</span>></span>Four Parts Water<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>.<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>I am <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"nationality"</span>></span>British<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>.<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></pre>
</div>
<p>If the text that would normally be the value of a property, such as the element content, is unsuitable for recording the property value, it can be expressed using the <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute of the element.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>Here, the visible content may be added by a script. A microdata processor can extract the content from the <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute without running scripts. The value of the <var>product-id</var> property for this item is <samp>9678AOU879</samp></p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"product-id"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">content</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"9678AOU879"</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">class</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"reference--id_code-autoinsert"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span></pre>
</div>
<p>When a string value is in some machine-readable format unsuitable to present as the content of an element, it can be expressed using the <code title="attr-data-value">value</code> attribute of the <code>data</code> element, as long as there is no <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>Here, there is an item with a property whose value is a product identifier. The identifier is not human-friendly, so instead it is encoded for microdata using the <code>value</code> attribute of the <code>data</code> element, and the product's name is used as the text content of the element that is rendered on the page.</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">h1</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">data</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"product-id"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"9678AOU879"</span>></span>The Instigator 2000<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">data</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>></span></pre>
<div class="warning">
<div class="warning-title marker"><span>Warning</span></div>
<p class="">This will not work if there is a <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute as well. In the following example, the value of the <var>product-id</var> property is taken from the <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute, so it will be
<samp>This one rocks!</samp>:</p>
</div>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">h1</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">data</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"product-id"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"9678AOU879"</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">content</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"This one rocks!"</span>></span>The Instigator 2000<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">data</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">h1</span>></span></pre>
</div>
<p>When an <a href="#dfn-itemprop" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemprop</code></a> is used on an element that can have a <code>src</code> or <code>href</code> attribute, such as links and media elements, that <em>does not</em> have a <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute, the value of the name-value pair is an <a href="#dfn-absolute-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">absolute URL</a> based on the
<code>src</code> or <code>href</code> attribute (or the empty string if they are missing or there is an error).</p>
<div class="example">
<p>In this example, the item has one property, <var>logo</var>, whose value is a URL based on the location of the page, and ending with <samp>our-logo.png</samp>:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs javascript"><div itemscope itemtype=<span class="hljs-string">"https://schema.org/LocalBusiness"</span>>
<span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">img</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"logo"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">src</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"our-logo.png"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">alt</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"Our Company"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></span></pre>
<div class="warning">
<div class="warning-title marker"><span>Warning</span></div>
<p class="">Note that accessibility information, such as the <code>alt</code> attribute in the previous example, is ignored. To provide that as a value, repeat it in a <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute. In the following example, the value of the <var>name</var> property is <samp>The Company</samp>:</p>
</div>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs javascript"><div itemscope itemtype=<span class="hljs-string">"https://schema.org/LocalBusiness"</span>>
<span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">img</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">src</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"our-logo.png"</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">content</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"The Company"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">alt</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"Our Company"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></span></pre>
</div>
<p>For numeric data, the <code>meter</code> element and its <code title="attr-meter-value">value</code> attribute can be used instead, as long as there is no <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>Here a rating of <samp>3.5</samp> is given using a <code>meter</code> element.</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemtype</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"https://schema.org/Product"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Panasonic White 60L Refrigerator<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">img</span> <span class="hljs-attr">src</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"panasonic-fridge-60l-white.jpg"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">alt</span>=<span class="hljs-string">""</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"aggregateRating"</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemtype</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"https://schema.org/AggregateRating"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">meter</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"ratingValue"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">min</span>=<span class="hljs-string">0</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">3.5</span> <span class="hljs-attr">max</span>=<span class="hljs-string">5</span>></span>Rated 3.5/5<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">meter</span>></span>
(based on <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"reviewCount"</span>></span>11<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span> customer reviews)
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></pre>
</div>
<p>Similarly, for date- and time-related data, the <code>time</code> element and its
<code>datetime</code> attribute can be used to specify a specifically formatted date or time, as long as there is no <a href="#dfn-content" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>content</code></a> attribute.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>In this example, the item has one property, "birthday", whose value is a date:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
I was born on <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">time</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"birthday"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">datetime</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"2009-05-10"</span>></span>May 10th 2009<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">time</span>></span>.
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></pre>
</div>
<p>Properties can also themselves be groups of name-value pairs, by putting the
<code><a href="#dfn-itemscope" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemscope</code></a>
</code> attribute on the element that declares the property.</p>
<p>Items that are not part of others are called <a data-lt="top-level microdata item" href="#dfn-top-level-microdata-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">top-level microdata items</a>.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>In this example, the outer item represents a person, and the inner one represents a band:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs javascript"><div itemscope>
<span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>Name: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Amanda<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span>
<p>Band: <span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"band"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Jazz Band<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span> (<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"size"</span>></span>12<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span> players)<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span></span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span></span>
<<span class="hljs-regexp">/div></span></pre>
<p>The outer item here has two properties, "name" and "band". The "name" is "Amanda", and the "band" is an item in its own right, with two properties, "name" and "size". The "name" of the band is "Jazz Band", and the "size" is "12".</p>
<p>The outer item in this example is a top-level microdata item.</p>
</div>
<p>Properties that are not descendants of the element with the
<code><a href="#dfn-itemscope" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemscope</code></a>
</code> attribute can be associated with the <a data-lt="concept item" href="#dfn-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">item</a> using the
<code><a href="#dfn-itemref" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemref</code></a>
</code> attribute. This attribute takes a list of <a href="#dfn-id" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">ID</a>s of elements to crawl in addition to crawling the children of the element with the <code><a href="#dfn-itemscope" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"><code>itemscope</code></a>
</code> attribute.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>This example is the same as the previous one, but all the properties are separated from their
<a data-lt="concept item" href="#dfn-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">items</a>:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"amanda"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemref</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"a b"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>></span>Name: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Amanda<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"band"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemref</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"c"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"c"</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>Band: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>></span>Jazz Band<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>Size: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"size"</span>></span>12<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span> players<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></pre>
<p>This gives the same result as the previous example. The first item has two properties, "name", set to "Amanda", and "band", set to another item. That second item has two further properties, "name", set to "Jazz Band", and "size", set to "12".</p>
</div>
<p>An <a data-lt="concept item" href="#dfn-item" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn">item</a> can have multiple properties with the same name and different values.</p>
<div class="example">
<p>This example describes an ice cream, with two flavors:</p>
<pre aria-busy="false" aria-live="polite" class="hljs xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">div</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemscope</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>Flavors in my favorite ice cream:<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">ul</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"flavor"</span>></span>Lemon sorbet<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">li</span> <span class="hljs-attr">itemprop</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"flavor"</span>></span>Apricot sorbet<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">li</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">ul</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">div</span>></span></pre>
<p>This thus results in an item with two properties, both "flavor", having the values "Lemon sorbet" and "Apricot sorbet".</p>
</div>
<p>An element introducing a property can also introduce multiple properties at once, to avoid duplication when some of the properties have the same value.</p>