Game fails to load - empty page

[DracoDynasty]

Since an update yesterday that I refreshed the page for, I cannot load the game in my firefox.
It displays an empty page instead.

Since it still works in a private window and in other browsers, I suspect that my save data was somehow corrupted.

Here are the logs I can see in the JS console: https://pastebin.com/zWQSkPUj

If there is a way to fix this save I would be very interested.
Since the game refuses to show its interface, I can't even try to load the game to export it so I can try to look for errors in it.