diff --git a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistry.java b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistry.java
index 2655f130d77..b89d725d35d 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistry.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistry.java
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ public void registerAlias(String name, String alias) {
 		Assert.hasText(alias, "'alias' must not be empty");
 		synchronized (this.aliasMap) {
 			if (alias.equals(name)) {
+				String registeredName = this.aliasMap.get(alias);
+				if (registeredName != null && !registeredName.equals(name) && !allowAliasOverriding()) {
+					throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot define alias '" + alias + "' for name '" +
+							name + "': It is already registered for name '" + registeredName + "'.");
+				}
 				this.aliasMap.remove(alias);
 				this.aliasNames.remove(alias);
 				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
diff --git a/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistryTests.java b/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistryTests.java
index 4c9f909295c..7ad6ca1aaeb 100644
--- a/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistryTests.java
+++ b/spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/SimpleAliasRegistryTests.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ class SimpleAliasRegistryTests {
 	private static final String ALIAS5 = "alias5";
 
 
-	private final SimpleAliasRegistry registry = new SimpleAliasRegistry();
+	private final SimpleAliasRegistryForTest registry = new SimpleAliasRegistryForTest();
 
 
 	@Test
@@ -89,6 +90,89 @@ void aliasChainingWithMultipleAliases() {
 		assertHasAlias(REAL_NAME, ALIAS3);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void registerSameAliasTwice_DoesNothing() {
+		registerAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertHasAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+
+		registerAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertHasAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerAliasWithSameName_GivenAliasOverridingAllowed_DoesNothing() {
+		registry.setAllowAliasOverriding(true);
+
+		registerAlias(NAME1, NAME1);
+		assertDoesNotHaveAlias(NAME1, NAME1);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerAliasWithSameName_GivenAliasOverridingNotAllowed_DoesNothing() {
+		registry.setAllowAliasOverriding(false);
+
+		registerAlias(NAME1, NAME1);
+		assertDoesNotHaveAlias(NAME1, NAME1);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerAliasWithSameName_GivenAliasOverridingAllowed_ThenReplacesExistingAlias() {
+		// GIVEN
+		registry.setAllowAliasOverriding(true);
+		registerAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertHasAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+
+		// WHEN
+		registerAlias(ALIAS1, ALIAS1);
+
+		// THEN
+		assertDoesNotHaveAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertDoesNotHaveAlias(ALIAS1, ALIAS1);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registerAliasWithSameName_GivenAliasOverridingNotAllowed_ThenThrowsException() {
+		// GIVEN
+		registry.setAllowAliasOverriding(false);
+		registerAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertHasAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+
+		// WHEN/THEN
+		assertThatIllegalStateException()
+				.isThrownBy(() -> registerAlias(ALIAS1, ALIAS1))
+				.withMessage("Cannot define alias '%s' for name '%s': It is already " +
+						"registered for name '%s'.", ALIAS1, ALIAS1, NAME1);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void overrideAlreadyExistingAlias_GivenAliasOverridingAllowed_ThenReplacesExistingAlias() {
+		// GIVEN
+		registry.setAllowAliasOverriding(true);
+		registerAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertHasAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+
+		// WHEN
+		registerAlias(NAME2, ALIAS1);
+
+		// THEN
+		assertDoesNotHaveAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertHasAlias(NAME2, ALIAS1);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void overrideAlreadyExistingAlias_GivenAliasOverridingNotAllowed_ThenThrowsException() {
+		// GIVEN
+		registry.setAllowAliasOverriding(false);
+		registerAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+		assertHasAlias(NAME1, ALIAS1);
+
+		// WHEN/THEN
+		assertThatIllegalStateException()
+				.isThrownBy(() -> registerAlias(NAME2, ALIAS1))
+				.withMessage("Cannot define alias '%s' for name '%s': It is already " +
+						"registered for name '%s'.", ALIAS1, NAME2, NAME1);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void removeNullAlias() {
 		assertThatNullPointerException().isThrownBy(() -> registry.removeAlias(null));
@@ -343,4 +427,29 @@ public String resolveStringValue(String str) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * An implementation of {@link SimpleAliasRegistry} that allows configuring the alias overriding behaviour.
+	 * By default, {@link SimpleAliasRegistry}'s default behaviour will be used.
+	 */
+	private static class SimpleAliasRegistryForTest extends SimpleAliasRegistry {
+
+		private boolean allowAliasOverriding = super.allowAliasOverriding();
+
+		/**
+		 * Sets the alias overriding behaviour.
+		 *
+		 * @param allowAliasOverriding {@code true} or {@code false} to force a specific behaviour. {@code null}
+		 * to fall back to {@link SimpleAliasRegistry}'s default.
+		 */
+		public void setAllowAliasOverriding(@Nullable Boolean allowAliasOverriding) {
+			this.allowAliasOverriding = allowAliasOverriding != null ? allowAliasOverriding : super.allowAliasOverriding();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected boolean allowAliasOverriding() {
+			return allowAliasOverriding;
+		}
+
+	}
+
 }