diff --git a/public/sol/intro/big_picture.png b/public/sol/intro/big_picture.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d2790fbe
Binary files /dev/null and b/public/sol/intro/big_picture.png differ
diff --git a/public/sol/shear_moment_diagrams/into_outof_page_convention_handdrawn.png b/public/sol/shear_moment_diagrams/into_outof_page_convention_handdrawn.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90df1858a
Binary files /dev/null and b/public/sol/shear_moment_diagrams/into_outof_page_convention_handdrawn.png differ
diff --git a/src/components/Navbar.astro b/src/components/Navbar.astro
index 128fc8ef7..6f4181d96 100644
--- a/src/components/Navbar.astro
+++ b/src/components/Navbar.astro
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ const path = Astro.url.pathname;
     }
 
     .solids-menu{
-        columns: 2;
+        columns: 1;
     }
 
     @media (width <= 578px){
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ const path = Astro.url.pathname;
             </li>
             <li class="dropdown mega nav-item " class-value="sol">
                 <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="About" class-value="sol">
-                    <span>Solid mechanics</a></span>
+                    <span>Solid mechanics</span>
                 </a>
                 <div class="dropdown-menu tile-list px-2" id="mainnav-solids"> 
                     <div class="d-flex" >
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ const path = Astro.url.pathname;
                         </section>
                         <section class = "tile menu white-box col">
                             <h2><a href = "/dyn" aria-label = "About">Simple Loading</a></h2>
-                                <ol style = "column-fill: balance-all;" class = "course-menu dynamics-menu">
+                                <ol style = "column-fill: balance-all;" class = "course-menu solids-menu">
                                     <li><a href="/sol/overview?origin=sidebar">Overview</a></li>
                                     <li><a href="/sol/axial_loading?origin=sidebar">Axial loading</a></li>
                                     <li><a href="/sol/torsion?origin=sidebar">Torsion</a></li>
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ const path = Astro.url.pathname;
                         </section>
                         <section class = "tile menu white-box col">
                             <h2><a href = "/dyn" aria-label = "About">Combined Loading</a></h2>
-                                <ol style = "column-fill: balance-all;" class = "course-menu dynamics-menu">
+                                <ol style = "column-fill: balance-all;" class = "course-menu solids-menu">
                                     <li><a href="/sol/shear_&_moment_diagrams?origin=sidebar">Shear & moment diagrams</a></li>
                                     <li><a href="/sol/beam_deflection?origin=sidebar">Beam deflection</a></li>
                                     <li><a href="/sol/pressure_vessels?origin=sidebar">Pressure vessels</a></li>
diff --git a/src/pages/sol.astro b/src/pages/sol.astro
index 4e3adf0b4..475920710 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol.astro
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ import "../../public/static/css/course_home_pages.css"
   </h1>
 
   <h2 class="site-title">Introduction/Big Picture:</h2>
-
+  <section class="mt-sm-4 mt-2">
+    <ol>
+      <li><a href="/sol/intro?origin=coursemenu">Introduction</a></li>
+    </ol>
+  </section>
 
   <h2 class="site-title">Material Behavior:</h2>
   <section class="mt-sm-4 mt-2">
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/axial_bending.astro b/src/pages/sol/axial_bending.astro
deleted file mode 100644
index fab81099f..000000000
--- a/src/pages/sol/axial_bending.astro
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
----
-import Layout from "../../layouts/Layout.astro" 
-import Image from "../../components/Image.astro" 
-import Section from "../../components/Section.astro" 
-import SubSection from "../../components/SubSection.astro" 
-import SubSubSection from "../../components/SubSubSection.astro" 
-import Itemize from "../../components/Itemize.astro" 
-import Item from "../../components/Item.astro" 
-import InlineEquation from "../../components/InlineEquation.astro" 
-import DisplayEquation from "../../components/DisplayEquation.astro" 
-import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro" 
-
-
----
-<Layout title="Axial and Bending">
-
-<div slot="navtree">
-	<ul class='list-group list-group-flush py-0'> 
-		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#thin-walled-pressure-vessels'>Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels</a>
-		
-			<ul class='list-group list-group-flush py-0'> 
-				<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsubsection' href='#cylindrical-vessels'>Cylindrical Vessels</a></li> 
-				<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsubsection' href='#spherical-vessels'>SphericalVessels</a></li>
-				<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsubsection' href='#radial-stress'>Radial Stress</a></li>  
-			</ul>
-		</li>
-	</ul>
-</div>
-
-<Section title="Axial and Bending" id="axial_bending"></Section>
-
-
-</Layout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/axial_loading.astro b/src/pages/sol/axial_loading.astro
index fdccf1183..44db63bc9 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/axial_loading.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/axial_loading.astro
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import DisplayEquation from "../../components/DisplayEquation.astro"
 
 <Section title="Axial Loading" id="axial_loading"></Section>
 
-<SubSection title="Pure Axial Loading Tensor" id="tensor">
+<SubSection title="Stress Tensor from Pure Axial Loading" id="tensor">
 <p>
  For a scenario with only axial loading conditions, the stress tensor can be simplified as shown below.
 </p>
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/bending.astro b/src/pages/sol/bending.astro
index 09d97e3e3..5079772d0 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/bending.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/bending.astro
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ A beam in bending will develop normal (tensile and compressive) bending stresses
 
 </Section>
 
-<SubSection title="Pure Bending Tensor" id="tensor">
+<SubSection title="Stress Tensor from Pure Bending" id="tensor">
 <p>
  For pure bending loading conditions, the stress tensor can be simplified as shown below, depending on whether bending occurs around the y or z axis.
 </p>
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/design_considerations.astro b/src/pages/sol/design_considerations.astro
index 101f36dfb..42b022815 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/design_considerations.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/design_considerations.astro
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import Item from "../../components/Item.astro"
 import InlineEquation from "../../components/InlineEquation.astro" 
 import DisplayEquation from "../../components/DisplayEquation.astro" 
 import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro" 
+import Example from "../../components/Example.astro"
 
 
 ---
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro"
 
 <div slot="navtree">
 	<ul class='list-group list-group-flush py-0'> 
-		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#limit_states'>Limit States</a>
+		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#failure_modes'>Limit States</a>
 		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#allowable_strength_design'>Allowable Strength Design</a>
 		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#load_resistance_factor'>Load Resistance Factor</a>
 		</li>
@@ -24,7 +25,117 @@ import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro"
 </div>
 
 <Section title="Design Considerations" id="design_considerations"></Section>
-<SubSection title="Limit States" id="limit_states"> </SubSection>
+<SubSection title="Failure Modes" id="failure_modes">
+<p>
+Broadly speaking, the goal of a design is to prevent unwanted behaviors (or
+failure modes) from occurring. There can be, and usually are, many different
+failure modes which need to be considered simultaneously.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+For example, consider just 2 plates bolted together and loaded to failure:
+
+<Itemize>
+	<Item><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5EjQUEBQyuY" class="w-50" title="Normal Failure" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></Item>
+  <Item><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sTAkcSVlIWE" class="w-50" title="Shear Failure" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></Item>
+  <Item><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GrIgQAAsVsI" class="w-50" title="Bolt Failure" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></Item>
+</Itemize>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is the job of the engineer to anticipate and design for all relevant failure modes. For a given design, successful operation may require:
+<Itemize>
+	<Item> Stresses stay below material limits (see <a href = "https://www.mechref.org/sol/failure_theories/?origin=coursemenu#von-mises"> Von Mises failure criteria </a>) </Item>
+	<Item> Stress from cyclic loading stays below the fatigue limit (see the <a href = "https://www.mechref.org/mf/Fatigue/?origin=coursemenu"> Fatigue reference page </a>) </Item>
+	<Item> Buckling is prevented (see the <a href = "https://www.mechref.org/sol/buckling/?origin=coursemenu"> Buckling reference page </a>) </Item>
+	<Item> Deformation stays below a prescribed limit (see the <a href = "https://www.mechref.org/sol/beam_deflection/?origin=coursemenu"> Beam Deflection reference page </a>) </Item>
+	<Item> Vibration deformation from dynamic loads stays below a prescribed limit <!-- (see ME340 page doesn’t exist yet) --!> </Item>
+	<Item> And more </Item>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Any way a product or component can fail to meet the desired performance can be referred to as a failure mode. These are occasionally categorized as
+<Itemize>
+	<Item> <strong> Strength: </strong> exceeding the limit state results in material failure </Item>
+	<Item> <strong> Stability: </strong> exceeding the limit state results in a stability failure (like
+	<a href = "https://www.mechref.org/sol/buckling/?origin=coursemenu"> buckling</a> or 
+	<a href="https://www.mechref.org/sta/friction/?origin=coursemenu#tip_slip"> overturning</a>) </Item>
+	<Item> <strong> Serviceability: </strong> exceeding the limit state results in compromised performance (excessive deflection) </Item>
+</Itemize>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It can be very difficult to anticipate every possible failure mode. This broad view
+of component performance is discussed in the <a href = "https://www.mechref.org/design/pds/?origin=coursemenu"> Product Design Specifications reference</a> page. In solid
+mechanics, we’ll focus on the strength failure modes.
+
+<p>
+Note that the nomenclature can vary between industries, but the intent is the
+same, to identify potential failures and design to prevent them, or reduce the risk
+(probability x severity) to an acceptably low level. 
+</p>
+
+<Example id="auto" title="Automotive" solution="False">
+  <div class="d-flex flex-column">
+    <p class="w-100">
+
+      <em> Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis: </em>
+      Design FMEA is a type of FMEA that analyzes the product design, focusing on potential design-related
+      deficiencies, with emphasis on improving the design and ensuring product operation is safe and reliable
+      during useful life.
+      <div class="mb-2 w-100"></div>
+
+      For more information, check out: <a href = "https://saemobilus-sae-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/standards/j1739_202101-potential-failure-mode-effects-analysis-fmea-including-design-fmea-supplemental-fmea-msr-process-fmea"> SAE J1739_202101 </a>
+      <div class="mb-3 w-100"></div>
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</Example>
+
+<Example id="aero" title="Aerospace" solution="False">
+  <div class="d-flex flex-column">
+    <p class="w-100">
+      <em> Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): </em>
+      A procedure by which each potential failure mode or fault of a system is analyzed to determine the
+      consequences or effects thereof on the system, to classify each potential failure mode according to its
+      severity, and to recommend actions to eliminate, or compensate for, unacceptable effects.
+      <div class="mb-2 w-100"></div>
+
+      For more information, check out: <a href = "https://saemobilus-sae-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/standards/arp5580-recommended-failure-modes-effects-analysis-fmea-practices-non-automobile-applications"> SAE ARP5580 </a>
+      <div class="mb-3 w-100"></div>
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</Example>
+
+<Example id="civil" title="Civil" solution="False">
+  <div class="d-flex flex-column">
+    <p class="w-100">
+      <em> Limit State: </em>
+      A condition beyond which a structure or member becomes unfit for service and is judged either to be no
+      longer useful for its intended function (serviceability limit state) or to be unsafe (strength limit state).
+      <div class="mb-2 w-100"></div>
+
+      For more information, check out: <a href = "https://ascelibrary-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/doi/epdf/10.1061/9780784415788"> ASCE7 </a>
+      
+      <div class="mb-3 w-100"></div>
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</Example>
+
+<Example id="gov" title="US Government" solution="False">
+  <div class="d-flex flex-column">
+    <p class="w-100">
+      <em> Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA): </em>
+      A procedure by which each potential failure mode in a system is analyzed to determine the results or
+      effects thereof on the system and to classify each potential failure mode according to its severity.
+      <div class="mb-2 w-100"></div>
+
+      For more information, check out: <a href = "https://www.dsiintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/mil_std_1629a.pdf"> MIL-STD-1629A </a>
+      
+    </p>
+  </div>
+</Example>
+
+</SubSection>
 
 <SubSection title="Allowable Strength Design" id="allowable_strength_design">
 
@@ -47,9 +158,6 @@ A structure is safe if its strength exceeds the required strength.
 
  Similarly, <DisplayEquation equation="\\sigma_{all} \\le \\frac{\\sigma_u}{FS}\\" title="Maximum allowed applied stress." background="True"/>
 
-</SubSection>
-
-<SubSection title="Load and Resistance Factor Design" id="load_resistance_factor">
 <p>
 Depending on the industry or application, the acceptability of a design may be interpreted differently. 
 For some applications showing a factor of safety of 4 may be sufficient. 
@@ -58,6 +166,10 @@ For example, a sling used for lifting, such as the one shown below, is specified
 
 <Image src='/sol/design_considerations/Web_Sling.png' width='8'><a href="https://www.mcmaster.com/8864T51/">Web sling</a></Image>
 
+
+</SubSection>
+
+<SubSection title="Load and Resistance Factor Design" id="load_resistance_factor">
 <p>
 In the civil/structural engineering industry, the variability of loading (wind, seismic, etc.) has been studied extensively. 
 This is also true for various structural capacities in building materials like steel, concrete wood, etc. Given a loading and resistance that are both random variables, a simple “safety factor” does not result in a consistent level of probability of failure across all structures. 
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/geometric_properties.astro b/src/pages/sol/geometric_properties.astro
index 67f1170ed..09cea01cf 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/geometric_properties.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/geometric_properties.astro
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import DisplayTable from "../../components/DisplayTable.astro"
         <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#first-moi'>Centroid</a></li>
         <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#second-moi'>Area Moment of Inertia</a></li>
         <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#polar_moment_of_inertia'>Polar Moment of Inertia</a></li>
+        <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#simple_shapes_moi'>Simple Shapes Moment of Inertia</a></li>
         <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#summary-moi'>Summary: Moment of Inertia</a></li>
 	</ul>
 </div>
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ The moment of inertia of the area <InlineEquation equation='A' /> with respect t
 
 </SubSection>
 
-<SubSection title="Summary: Moment of Inertia" id="summary-moi">
+<SubSection title="Moment of Inertia of Simple Shapes" id="simple_shapes_moi">
 
     <center><em>Common shapes about the origin: <InlineEquation equation='I'/> and <InlineEquation equation='J_O'/></em></center>
     <center><em>Common shapes about the centroid: <InlineEquation equation='\\bar{I}'/> and <InlineEquation equation='J_c'/></em></center>
@@ -226,8 +227,9 @@ The moment of inertia of the area <InlineEquation equation='A' /> with respect t
         </tbody>
         
     </DisplayTable>
-    
+</SubSection>
 
+<SubSection title="Summary: Moment of Inertia" id="summary-moi">
     <DisplayTable class_="text-center" id="inertia-table">
         <thead>
             <tr>
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/intro.astro b/src/pages/sol/intro.astro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13e261db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pages/sol/intro.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+---
+import Layout from "../../layouts/Layout.astro" 
+import Image from "../../components/Image.astro" 
+import Section from "../../components/Section.astro" 
+import SubSection from "../../components/SubSection.astro" 
+import SubSubSection from "../../components/SubSubSection.astro" 
+import Itemize from "../../components/Itemize.astro" 
+import Item from "../../components/Item.astro" 
+import InlineEquation from "../../components/InlineEquation.astro" 
+import DisplayEquation from "../../components/DisplayEquation.astro" 
+import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro" 
+
+
+---
+<Layout title="Intro">
+
+<div slot="navtree">
+	<ul class='list-group list-group-flush py-0'> 
+		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#thin-walled-pressure-vessels'>Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels</a>
+		
+			<ul class='list-group list-group-flush py-0'> 
+				<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsubsection' href='#mechanics'>Mechanics</a></li> 
+				<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsubsection' href='#material_component'>From Material to Component Behavior</a></li> 
+				<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsubsection' href='#scope'>Scope of this Class</a></li>
+				<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsubsection' href='#learning_objectives'>Learning Objectives</a></li>  
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+</div>
+
+<Section title="Introduction to Solid Mechanics" id="intro"></Section>
+
+<SubSection title="Mechanics" id="mechanics">
+There are many fields of mechanics, the intent of this reference page is <strong> not </strong> to cover every one of them. It is important however to be aware of the relationships between the sub-field “Solid Mechanics” and mechanics as a whole. The figure below attempts to organize some of the fields included in the broad category of “mechanics”.
+</SubSection>
+
+<SubSection title="From Material to Component Behavior" id="material_component">
+<p>
+Many introductory courses with similar scope use the name “mechanics of materials”, since the learning objectives are based on understanding the material level behavior. The distinction made here for “introductory solid mechanics” is to include interpretation of material level behavior at the component scale. The idea being to connect the behavior of materials to the behavior of components. What is a ‘component’?  Broadly speaking, it could be any “engineering potato” that needs to be designed or evaluated. 
+Frequently the components engineers design can be interpreted as “beams” in that they have one dimension significantly longer than the other two, and usually a constant cross sectional shape along this length. Introductory solid mechanics takes the material level behavior and ‘accumulates’ into component level using some assumptions specific to beams (and pressure vessels). 
+</p>
+
+<p>
+This ‘accumulation’ of material level behaviors can be thought of in terms of force quantities or deformation quantities.  (the two columns of the image below)
+</p>
+
+<Image src="/sol/intro/big_picture.png" width="6"> Big Picture of Solid Mechanics </Image>
+
+<p>
+Continuing from where a statics prerequisite left off, the idea of internal force in a beam describes the component level, but at the material level, this force is experienced as stress. Each point within the component experiences some material scale stress. Because materials are not infinitely stiff, they deform as a result of this stress. This deformation is described by the constitutive relations, i.e. the material scale relationship between force and displacement quantities (stress and strain). The material deformation, strain, everywhere within a component can then be accumulated into component level displacement, or deformation.  The remaining connection between component level force and deformation, is the component “stiffness”. A quantity derived from three fundamental relationships. This relationship visualized in the tonti diagram above shows three fundamental relationships of introductory mechanics:
+<Itemize>
+	<Item> Equilibrium (between force and stress) </Item>
+ 	<Item> Constitutive relations (between stress and strain) </Item>
+	<Item> Compatibility (accumulation of strain into displacement) </Item> 
+</Itemize>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In a statics prerequisite course, analysis of internal forces was limited to ‘determinate’ structures. That is, only equilibrium was needed to determine component reactions and internal forces. (Determinate implies there is only one load path, so the forces carried in that load path are independent of any deformations, which is why statics does not consider deformation.) In many applications, system designs are indeterminate. That is, there are multiple load paths, or load carrying mechanisms within a design. In these systems, equilibrium alone is insufficient. What is necessary are the 3 items listed above, equilibrium, constitutive relations and compatibility. The internal forces in an indeterminate structure must satisfy all three.  Introductory solid mechanics uses these three relationships as applied to beam behavior to solve indeterminate problems.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Not all engineering problems can be idealized into a “beam-like” component. However, the same three relationships above can be used to approximate the responses of more complex systems. These problems can be characterized as ‘boundary value problems’ in that we typically know some conditions on the boundaries such as displacement constraints or applied loads, and typically want to solve for results within the structure, such as stress or strain. Evaluating the three relationships in a 1D, 2D or 3D domain results in a differential equation relating forces and displacements. (An ODE if quantities are only dependent on spatial derivatives, a PDE if they are also dependent on temporal derivatives, but that is dynamics, which is not part of the scope of introductory mechanics) The approximations made in idealizing components as ‘beams’ are exactly the same approximations made when defining “beam elements” in a finite element software. In some sense, the 1D or beam idealizations covered in introductory solid mechanics can be considered an introduction into finite element methods, which also includes 2D and 3D methods for solving boundary value problems with the same three fundamental relationships.
+</p>
+
+</SubSection>
+
+<SubSection title="Scope of This Class (Infinitesimal Strain, 1D Idealization of 3D Components)" id="scope">
+<p>
+The scope of this class is intended to cover the fundamental relationships in a way that establishes an understanding of classical solid mechanics. There are many practical considerations outside the scope of this class that we introduce but do not fully investigate. (plasticity, nonlinearity, fatigue…. )
+The intent here is to make sure the assumptions made in idealization are made explicit/conscious/deliberate, so that when these conditions are no longer met in a design scenario, it is clear that relationships depending on those conditions are no longer valid.  
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The intent here is to make sure the assumptions made in idealization are made explicit/conscious/deliberate, so that when these conditions are no longer met in a design scenario, it is clear that relationships depending on those conditions are no longer valid.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Introductory solid mechanics begins with an introduction to stress and strain (2.1 & 2.2) (i.e. force and displacement quantities at the material scale). The concepts of stress and strain as tensor quantities is also introduced. Then the relationship between these is covered in section 2.3, along with a broad overview of other material behaviors beyond linear elasticity. Because many engineering tasks are aimed at understanding and designing to avoid failure, section 2.4 and 2.5 discuss material failure theories, and design philosophies respectively.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Section 3 is focused on linear elastic relationships for different loading conditions as applied to 1D components (beams). The intent here is to develop the three fundamental relationships for these loading conditions as applied to beam behavior. Each loading condition is explored individually. In terms of how externally applied actions (like forces & moments) are balanced by internal stresses, and how material strains are accumulated into component deformations.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Section 4 extends to the application of the concepts developed in Section 3 to multiple loading conditions occurring simultaneously. These include shear and moment diagrams in beams, beam buckling, pressure vessels etc. 
+</p>
+</SubSection>
+
+<SubSection title="Learning Objectives" id="learning_objectives">
+Relationship between internal stresses and deformations produced by external forces acting on deformable bodies, and design principles based on mechanics of solids: normal stresses, shear stresses, and deformations produced by tensile, compressive, torsional, and bending loading of members; beam deflections; elastic energy and impact; multi-dimensional stress states; buckling of columns. 
+</SubSection>
+
+</Layout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/shear_&_moment_diagrams.astro b/src/pages/sol/shear_&_moment_diagrams.astro
index 5aefd3a43..aa6ceaef1 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/shear_&_moment_diagrams.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/shear_&_moment_diagrams.astro
@@ -37,10 +37,7 @@ To determine how the internal shear force and bending moment change throughout t
 
 <Image src='/sol/shear_moment_diagrams/SignConventions.jpg' width='6'> Sign conventions for internal forces and moments</Image>
 <Image src='/sol/shear_moment_diagrams/faceSignConvention3D_arb.png' width='6'> Sign conventions for internal forces and moments in 3D</Image>
-<!--
-For a profile view depiction of a 3D force and moment diagram, the following convention is used for notating arrows going into or out of the page.
-<Image src='/sol/shear_moment_diagrams/into_outof_page_convention.png' width='6'> Sign conventions for internal forces and moments</Image>
---!>
+
 </SubSection>
 
 
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/sign_conventions.astro b/src/pages/sol/sign_conventions.astro
index 706ce0788..3f86f5481 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/sign_conventions.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/sign_conventions.astro
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro"
 
 <div slot="navtree">
 	<ul class='list-group list-group-flush py-0'> 
-		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#stress_sign_convention'>General Stress</a></li>
+		<li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#drawing_convention'>Drawing</a></li>
+        <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#stress_sign_convention'>General Stress</a></li>
         <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#axial_sign_convention'>Axial (Normal) Stress</a></li>
         <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#torsion_sign_convention'>Torsion</a></li>
         <li class='list-group-item py-0'><a class='text-decoration-none subsection' href='#shear_moment_convention'>Shear and Moment Diagrams</a></li>
@@ -25,6 +26,12 @@ import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro"
 
 <Section title="Sign Conventions" id="sign_conventions"></Section>
 
+<SubSection title="Drawing Convention" id="drawing_convention">
+For a profile view depiction of a 3D force and moment diagram, the following convention is used for notating arrows going into or out of the page.
+<Image src='/sol/shear_moment_diagrams/into_outof_page_convention_handdrawn.png' width='6'> Sign conventions for internal forces and moments</Image>
+
+</SubSection>
+
 <SubSection title="General Stress Sign Convention" id="stress_sign_convention">
 <Image src="/sol/sign_convention/Sign Convention.png" width="7"> Sign conventions on 2D elements</Image>
 
@@ -34,6 +41,7 @@ import BlueText from "../../components/BlueText.astro"
     <Item> <strong>Positive</strong> shear stress points towards the <strong>negative</strong> axis direction in a <strong>negative</strong> face.</Item>
 
 </Itemize>
+
 </SubSection>
 
 <SubSection title="Axial (Normal) Stress" id="axial_sign_convention">
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/torsion.astro b/src/pages/sol/torsion.astro
index d80ef33d2..43db3ff10 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/torsion.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/torsion.astro
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ import Enumerate from "../../components/Enumerate.astro"
 
 </Section>
 
-<SubSection title="Pure Torsion Tensor" id="tensor">
+<SubSection title="Stress Tensor from Pure Torsion" id="tensor">
 <p>
  For pure torsion loading conditions, the stress tensor can be simplified as shown below, depending on whether <InlineEquation equation = "\\rho"/> is in the y or z direction for torsion calculations.
 </p>
diff --git a/src/pages/sol/transverse_shear.astro b/src/pages/sol/transverse_shear.astro
index b64863ec4..6971a7070 100644
--- a/src/pages/sol/transverse_shear.astro
+++ b/src/pages/sol/transverse_shear.astro
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Transverse loading creates corresponding <strong>longitudinal shear stresses</st
 
 </Section>
 
-<SubSection title="Pure Transverse Shear Tensor" id="transverse_shear_tensor">
+<SubSection title="Stress Tensor from Pure Transverse Shear" id="transverse_shear_tensor">
 <p>
  For pure transverse shear loading conditions, the stress tensor can be simplified as shown below, depending on whether shearing occurs along the y or z axis.
 </p>
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ Shear stress can also be evaluated at any given point (<InlineEquation equation=
 </DisplayEquation>
 
 <Itemize>
-  <Item><InlineEquation equation="V" /> : shear force</Item>
+  <Item><InlineEquation equation="V" /> : Shear force</Item>
   <Item><InlineEquation equation="Q" /> : First area moment of inertia of cut section ( <InlineEquation equation="Q = \\Sigma \\bar{y}'A'" /> )</Item>
   <Item><InlineEquation equation="I" /> : Second area moment of inertia of whole cross-sectional area</Item>
-  <Item><InlineEquation equation="t" /> : beam thickness</Item>
+  <Item><InlineEquation equation="t" /> : Width of cross section at given point </Item>
 </Itemize>
 
 </SubSection>