diff --git a/cleanup-orphaned-page-folders.md b/cleanup-orphaned-page-folders.md
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+---
+
+title: "Clean up orphaned page folders and their content"
+
+---
+
+version: 1.0.0
+
+---
+
+authors: Olaf Gleba
+
+---
+
+tags: pages, files
+
+---
+
+date: 2026-01-25
+
+---
+
+
+
+## Problem
+
+For your new project you duplicate a old installation so you don't have to start from scratch. While building the new website your `assets/files` folder gets messy,- there are a growing number of orphaned page id folders with obsolete content you want to get rid of.
+
+## Solution
+
+Create a new document, copy&paste the code below, save it to the root of your PW installation and open it in a browser. Initially it performs a dry run, so your are save before actual deletion take place.
+
+Because we are dealing with actual files, make a backup of you `files` folder and double check the output results before changing the mode.
+
+```php
+<?php namespace ProcessWire;
+
+/**
+ * Cleanup orphaned page folders and their content
+ * 
+ * - Only delete page folders WITH NO existing Page-ID.
+ * - Implements a dry run mode
+ * - Tested with ProcessWire 3.0.x, PHP 8.4.x
+ * 
+ * Usage:
+ * 
+ * Place the script file in the root of your PW installation (or
+ * adapt the pw bootstrap path), than open the file in the browser.
+ * 
+ * @author Olaf Gleba
+ * @version 1.0.0
+ */
+
+// Bootstrap ProcessWire
+require_once './index.php';
+
+// Define mode (default `dry run`), set to `false` for actual deletion
+$dryRun = true;
+
+// Print to browser
+echo "<p>Orphaned page folder cleanup</p>";
+echo "<p>Mode: " . ($dryRun ? "DRY RUN - NO DELETION" : "LIVE - ACTUAL DELETION") . "</p>";
+
+/**
+ * Load existing Page-Ids from database
+ */
+$existingPageIds = [];
+
+$sql = $database->query("SELECT id FROM pages");
+while ($row = $sql->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
+    $existingPageIds[(int)$row['id']] = true;
+}
+
+// Print to browser
+echo "<p>Existing pages loaded: " . count($existingPageIds) . "</p>";
+
+/**
+ * Iterate over the `files` folder
+ */
+// Get files root
+$filesRoot = realpath($config->paths->files);
+
+$removedFolders = 0;
+
+$dirs = scandir($filesRoot);
+
+foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
+
+    // Only nummeric folders (Page-IDs)
+    if (!ctype_digit($dir)) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    $pageId = (int)$dir;
+    $pageDir = $filesRoot . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $dir;
+
+    if (!is_dir($pageDir)) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    // Skip if page exists
+    if (isset($existingPageIds[$pageId])) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    // Print to browser
+    echo "<p>Orphaned page folder: {$pageDir}</p>";
+
+    // List folder files
+    $iterator = new \RecursiveIteratorIterator(
+        new \RecursiveDirectoryIterator(
+            $pageDir,
+            \FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS
+        ),
+        \RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST
+    );
+
+    foreach ($iterator as $item) {
+        if ($item->isFile()) {
+            echo "  File: " . $item->getRealPath() . "<br />";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Delete folder (if args `--delete` is present, s.above)
+    if (!$dryRun) {
+        deleteDirectory($pageDir);
+        echo "  FOLDER DELETED<br />";
+    } else {
+        echo "  (DRY RUN - NO DELETION)<br />";
+    }
+
+    echo "<br/>";
+    $removedFolders++;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Print summary to browser
+ */
+echo "<p>";
+echo "---------------------------------<br />";
+echo "Done<br />";
+echo "Orphaned page folders: {$removedFolders}<br />";
+echo "---------------------------------<br />";
+echo "</p>";
+
+/**
+ * Recursive deletion
+ */
+function deleteDirectory(string $dir): void
+{
+    if (!is_dir($dir)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    $items = scandir($dir);
+
+    foreach ($items as $item) {
+        if ($item === '.' || $item === '..') {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        $path = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $item;
+
+        if (is_dir($path)) {
+            deleteDirectory($path);
+        } else {
+            unlink($path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    rmdir($dir);
+}
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/swap-multilanguage-content.md b/swap-multilanguage-content.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62cec9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/swap-multilanguage-content.md
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+---
+
+title: "Swap the content of multilingual fields between two languages"
+
+---
+
+version: 1.0.0
+
+---
+
+authors: Olaf Gleba
+
+---
+
+tags: pages, languages, multilingual, multilanguages
+
+---
+
+date: 2026-01-25
+
+---
+
+
+
+## Problem
+
+On Launch the defined default language of a website is e.g. `german` (`/`). Beside e.g. `english` as a second language (`/en/`). After a while eventually the client wants to have `english` as the default language and `german` as second.
+
+Usually this gives the editorial staff a really hard time, because every bit of multilingual content has to be replaced by hand. Beside approaches that imposes redirects.
+
+
+## Solution
+
+The script iterates recursively over multilingual fields of different types and swap the content between two languages.
+
+Create a new document, copy&paste the code below, save it to the root of your PW installation, adapt params (s. instructions within the script file) and open it in a browser.
+
+```php
+<?php namespace ProcessWire;
+
+/**
+ * Swap the content of multilingual fields between two languages
+ * 
+ * - Tested with ProcessWire 3.0.x, PHP 8.4.x
+ * 
+ * Usage:
+ * 
+ * Place the script file in the root of your PW installation (or
+ * adapt the pw bootstrap path), adapt params (s. below), than open
+ * the file in the browser.
+ * 
+ * @author Olaf Gleba
+ * @version 1.0.0
+ */
+
+/**
+ * USAGE, VERBOSE
+ * 
+ * 1. Place the (uncommented) `Code example` at the end of this script file 
+ * 2. Adapt `<your-language-name>` with the name of the language that should
+ * become default.
+ * 2. Adapt `<your-template-name>` with the required template names
+ * (assuming that multiple templates are to consider). Execute the script
+ * file (e.g. reload the browser) ``each time`` you adapt the template name.
+ * 
+ * Code example:
+ * 
+ * $_pages = wire('pages')->find("template=<your-template-name>");
+ * swapMultiLanguageContent($_pages, 'default', '<your-language-name>');
+ * 
+ */
+
+/**
+ * MANDATORY STEPS AFTER FINAL EXECUTION
+ * 
+ * After you run all considered templates you need to do:
+ *
+ * 1. Assuming `german` was your default language so far (name `default`)
+ * and you want to define a second language, for example `english`
+ * (name `english`), as the new default, adapt the name (and surely the
+ * title too) on both related languages (e.g. english => default,
+ * german => german).
+ * 
+ * 2. Go to your Homepage ("/") and in the settings tab, adapt the url of your
+ * new default language and the url of your swapped language (e.g. english
+ * => /, german => /de/).
+ */
+
+
+// bootstrap processwire
+require_once './index.php';
+
+
+/**
+ * Function to swap the content of multilingual fields between two languages
+ * 
+ * 1. Page name swap
+ * 2. Execute recursive function `swapFieldValuesRecursive`
+ * 3. Save pages array
+ */
+
+function swapMultiLanguageContent($pages, $langA = 'default', $langB = 'deutsch') {
+
+    $languages = wire('languages');
+    $lA = $languages->get($langA);
+    $lB = $languages->get($langB);
+
+    if(!$lA || !$lB) throw new WireException("Language not found");
+
+    foreach($pages as $page) {
+
+        if(!$page instanceof Page || !$page->id) continue;
+
+        $page->of(false);
+
+        /* 1 */
+        try {
+            $nameA = $page->localName($lA);
+            $nameB = $page->localName($lB);
+
+            if($nameA !== $nameB) {
+
+                $page->set("status$langB", 1);
+
+                $page->set("name$langA", $nameB);
+                $page->set("name$langB", $nameA);
+            }
+        } catch(Exception $e) {
+            wire('log')->save('swap-lang', "Page {$page->id}: Name swap error: " . $e->getMessage());
+        }
+
+        /* 2 */
+        swapFieldValuesRecursive($page, $lA, $lB);
+
+        /* 3 */
+        try {
+            $page->save();
+        } catch(Exception $e) {
+            wire('log')->save('swap-lang', "Page {$page->id}: Save error: " . $e->getMessage());
+        }
+
+        $page->of(true);
+    }
+    
+    return "Done.";
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Internal function to swap field values recursively
+ * 
+ * NOT intended to use as stand-alone, s. func `swapMultiLanguageContent`
+ * 
+ * 1. Ordinary field type
+ * 2. Repeater field type
+ * 3. RepeaterMatrix field type
+ */
+
+function swapFieldValuesRecursive(Page $page, Language $lA, Language $lB) {
+
+    foreach($page->template->fieldgroup as $field) {
+
+        $fieldname = $field->name;
+        if(!$page->hasField($fieldname)) continue;
+
+        $value = $page->$fieldname;
+
+        if($value === null) continue;
+
+        /* 1 */
+        $type = $field->type;
+
+        if($type instanceof FieldtypeLanguageInterface) {
+
+            try {
+                $valueA = $value->getLanguageValue($lA);
+                $valueB = $value->getLanguageValue($lB);
+
+                if($valueA != $valueB) {
+                    $value->setLanguageValue($lA, $valueB);
+                    $value->setLanguageValue($lB, $valueA);
+                }
+
+            } catch(Exception $e) {
+                wire('log')->save('swap-lang', "Field {$fieldname} error: " . $e->getMessage());
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* 2 */
+        if($type instanceof FieldtypeRepeater && $value->count()) {
+
+            foreach($value as $repItem) {
+                $repItem->of(false);
+                swapFieldValuesRecursive($repItem, $lA, $lB);
+                $repItem->save();
+                $repItem->of(true);
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* 3 */
+        if($type instanceof FieldtypeRepeaterMatrix && $value->count()) {
+
+            foreach($value as $matrixItem) {
+                $matrixItem->of(false);
+                swapFieldValuesRecursive($matrixItem, $lA, $lB);
+                $matrixItem->save();
+                $matrixItem->of(true);
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Ignore all other field types...
+    }
+}
+```
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