diff --git a/my_first_push.txt b/my_first_push.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77e4212 --- /dev/null +++ b/my_first_push.txt @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +1) add your name to the last line of this file +2) save the file +3) git pull origin coming-soon +4) git add my_first_push.txt +5) git status +6) git commit -m "Added my name." +7) git push origin coming-soon + +------------------- +Barry Shapira +Julia Dills +Taha Jiwajis +Arnold Minde +Hamadi Mwapachu +leonard nyirenda +Dickson ng'ang'a +Johannes Hilden +Gosso Gasmoo diff --git a/web/homework4/example1.html b/web/homework4/example1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b09efde --- /dev/null +++ b/web/homework4/example1.html @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/web/homework4/example2.html b/web/homework4/example2.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1eec4c --- /dev/null +++ b/web/homework4/example2.html @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/web/index.html b/web/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59f2a0b --- /dev/null +++ b/web/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ + + + + Kazi Fasta + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+
+ + diff --git a/web/scripts/lib/backbone.js b/web/scripts/lib/backbone.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3373c95 --- /dev/null +++ b/web/scripts/lib/backbone.js @@ -0,0 +1,1431 @@ +// Backbone.js 0.9.2 + +// (c) 2010-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. +// Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license. +// For all details and documentation: +// http://backbonejs.org + +(function(){ + + // Initial Setup + // ------------- + + // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `global` + // on the server). + var root = this; + + // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be + // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. + var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; + + // Create a local reference to slice/splice. + var slice = Array.prototype.slice; + var splice = Array.prototype.splice; + + // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will + // be attached to this. Exported for both CommonJS and the browser. + var Backbone; + if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { + Backbone = exports; + } else { + Backbone = root.Backbone = {}; + } + + // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. + Backbone.VERSION = '0.9.2'; + + // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present. + var _ = root._; + if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore'); + + // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, or Ender owns the `$` variable. + var $ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender; + + // Set the JavaScript library that will be used for DOM manipulation and + // Ajax calls (a.k.a. the `$` variable). By default Backbone will use: jQuery, + // Zepto, or Ender; but the `setDomLibrary()` method lets you inject an + // alternate JavaScript library (or a mock library for testing your views + // outside of a browser). + Backbone.setDomLibrary = function(lib) { + $ = lib; + }; + + // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable + // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. + Backbone.noConflict = function() { + root.Backbone = previousBackbone; + return this; + }; + + // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option + // will fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and + // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. + Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; + + // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct + // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as + // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a + // form param named `model`. + Backbone.emulateJSON = false; + + // Backbone.Events + // ----------------- + + // Regular expression used to split event strings + var eventSplitter = /\s+/; + + // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with + // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback functions + // to an event; trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in succession. + // + // var object = {}; + // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); + // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); + // object.trigger('expand'); + // + var Events = Backbone.Events = { + + // Bind one or more space separated events, `events`, to a `callback` + // function. Passing `"all"` will bind the callback to all events fired. + on: function(events, callback, context) { + + var calls, event, node, tail, list; + if (!callback) return this; + events = events.split(eventSplitter); + calls = this._callbacks || (this._callbacks = {}); + + // Create an immutable callback list, allowing traversal during + // modification. The tail is an empty object that will always be used + // as the next node. + while (event = events.shift()) { + list = calls[event]; + node = list ? list.tail : {}; + node.next = tail = {}; + node.context = context; + node.callback = callback; + calls[event] = {tail: tail, next: list ? list.next : node}; + } + + return this; + }, + + // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all callbacks + // with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all callbacks for the + // event. If `events` is null, removes all bound callbacks for all events. + off: function(events, callback, context) { + var event, calls, node, tail, cb, ctx; + + // No events, or removing *all* events. + if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return; + if (!(events || callback || context)) { + delete this._callbacks; + return this; + } + + // Loop through the listed events and contexts, splicing them out of the + // linked list of callbacks if appropriate. + events = events ? events.split(eventSplitter) : _.keys(calls); + while (event = events.shift()) { + node = calls[event]; + delete calls[event]; + if (!node || !(callback || context)) continue; + // Create a new list, omitting the indicated callbacks. + tail = node.tail; + while ((node = node.next) !== tail) { + cb = node.callback; + ctx = node.context; + if ((callback && cb !== callback) || (context && ctx !== context)) { + this.on(event, cb, ctx); + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are + // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name + // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to + // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). + trigger: function(events) { + var event, node, calls, tail, args, all, rest; + if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return this; + all = calls.all; + events = events.split(eventSplitter); + rest = slice.call(arguments, 1); + + // For each event, walk through the linked list of callbacks twice, + // first to trigger the event, then to trigger any `"all"` callbacks. + while (event = events.shift()) { + if (node = calls[event]) { + tail = node.tail; + while ((node = node.next) !== tail) { + node.callback.apply(node.context || this, rest); + } + } + if (node = all) { + tail = node.tail; + args = [event].concat(rest); + while ((node = node.next) !== tail) { + node.callback.apply(node.context || this, args); + } + } + } + + return this; + } + + }; + + // Aliases for backwards compatibility. + Events.bind = Events.on; + Events.unbind = Events.off; + + // Backbone.Model + // -------------- + + // Create a new model, with defined attributes. A client id (`cid`) + // is automatically generated and assigned for you. + var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) { + var defaults; + attributes || (attributes = {}); + if (options && options.parse) attributes = this.parse(attributes); + if (defaults = getValue(this, 'defaults')) { + attributes = _.extend({}, defaults, attributes); + } + if (options && options.collection) this.collection = options.collection; + this.attributes = {}; + this._escapedAttributes = {}; + this.cid = _.uniqueId('c'); + this.changed = {}; + this._silent = {}; + this._pending = {}; + this.set(attributes, {silent: true}); + // Reset change tracking. + this.changed = {}; + this._silent = {}; + this._pending = {}; + this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + }; + + // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype. + _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, { + + // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. + changed: null, + + // A hash of attributes that have silently changed since the last time + // `change` was called. Will become pending attributes on the next call. + _silent: null, + + // A hash of attributes that have changed since the last `'change'` event + // began. + _pending: null, + + // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and + // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. + idAttribute: 'id', + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function(){}, + + // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object. + toJSON: function(options) { + return _.clone(this.attributes); + }, + + // Get the value of an attribute. + get: function(attr) { + return this.attributes[attr]; + }, + + // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. + escape: function(attr) { + var html; + if (html = this._escapedAttributes[attr]) return html; + var val = this.get(attr); + return this._escapedAttributes[attr] = _.escape(val == null ? '' : '' + val); + }, + + // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null + // or undefined. + has: function(attr) { + return this.get(attr) != null; + }, + + // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"` unless + // you choose to silence it. + set: function(key, value, options) { + var attrs, attr, val; + + // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. + if (_.isObject(key) || key == null) { + attrs = key; + options = value; + } else { + attrs = {}; + attrs[key] = value; + } + + // Extract attributes and options. + options || (options = {}); + if (!attrs) return this; + if (attrs instanceof Model) attrs = attrs.attributes; + if (options.unset) for (attr in attrs) attrs[attr] = void 0; + + // Run validation. + if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; + + // Check for changes of `id`. + if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute]; + + var changes = options.changes = {}; + var now = this.attributes; + var escaped = this._escapedAttributes; + var prev = this._previousAttributes || {}; + + // For each `set` attribute... + for (attr in attrs) { + val = attrs[attr]; + + // If the new and current value differ, record the change. + if (!_.isEqual(now[attr], val) || (options.unset && _.has(now, attr))) { + delete escaped[attr]; + (options.silent ? this._silent : changes)[attr] = true; + } + + // Update or delete the current value. + options.unset ? delete now[attr] : now[attr] = val; + + // If the new and previous value differ, record the change. If not, + // then remove changes for this attribute. + if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val) || (_.has(now, attr) != _.has(prev, attr))) { + this.changed[attr] = val; + if (!options.silent) this._pending[attr] = true; + } else { + delete this.changed[attr]; + delete this._pending[attr]; + } + } + + // Fire the `"change"` events. + if (!options.silent) this.change(options); + return this; + }, + + // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose + // to silence it. `unset` is a noop if the attribute doesn't exist. + unset: function(attr, options) { + (options || (options = {})).unset = true; + return this.set(attr, null, options); + }, + + // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose + // to silence it. + clear: function(options) { + (options || (options = {})).unset = true; + return this.set(_.clone(this.attributes), options); + }, + + // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the + // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overriden, + // triggering a `"change"` event. + fetch: function(options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) { + if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false; + if (success) success(model, resp); + }; + options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options); + return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options); + }, + + // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. + // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's + // state will be `set` again. + save: function(key, value, options) { + var attrs, current; + + // Handle both `("key", value)` and `({key: value})` -style calls. + if (_.isObject(key) || key == null) { + attrs = key; + options = value; + } else { + attrs = {}; + attrs[key] = value; + } + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + + // If we're "wait"-ing to set changed attributes, validate early. + if (options.wait) { + if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; + current = _.clone(this.attributes); + } + + // Regular saves `set` attributes before persisting to the server. + var silentOptions = _.extend({}, options, {silent: true}); + if (attrs && !this.set(attrs, options.wait ? silentOptions : options)) { + return false; + } + + // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) + // updated with the server-side state. + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) { + var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, xhr); + if (options.wait) { + delete options.wait; + serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs); + } + if (!model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false; + if (success) { + success(model, resp); + } else { + model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + } + }; + + // Finish configuring and sending the Ajax request. + options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options); + var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : 'update'; + var xhr = (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, method, this, options); + if (options.wait) this.set(current, silentOptions); + return xhr; + }, + + // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. + // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. + // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. + destroy: function(options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + + var triggerDestroy = function() { + model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options); + }; + + if (this.isNew()) { + triggerDestroy(); + return false; + } + + options.success = function(resp) { + if (options.wait) triggerDestroy(); + if (success) { + success(model, resp); + } else { + model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + } + }; + + options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options); + var xhr = (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'delete', this, options); + if (!options.wait) triggerDestroy(); + return xhr; + }, + + // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're + // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint + // that will be called. + url: function() { + var base = getValue(this, 'urlRoot') || getValue(this.collection, 'url') || urlError(); + if (this.isNew()) return base; + return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) == '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id); + }, + + // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on + // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. + parse: function(resp, xhr) { + return resp; + }, + + // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one. + clone: function() { + return new this.constructor(this.attributes); + }, + + // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. + isNew: function() { + return this.id == null; + }, + + // Call this method to manually fire a `"change"` event for this model and + // a `"change:attribute"` event for each changed attribute. + // Calling this will cause all objects observing the model to update. + change: function(options) { + options || (options = {}); + var changing = this._changing; + this._changing = true; + + // Silent changes become pending changes. + for (var attr in this._silent) this._pending[attr] = true; + + // Silent changes are triggered. + var changes = _.extend({}, options.changes, this._silent); + this._silent = {}; + for (var attr in changes) { + this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, this.get(attr), options); + } + if (changing) return this; + + // Continue firing `"change"` events while there are pending changes. + while (!_.isEmpty(this._pending)) { + this._pending = {}; + this.trigger('change', this, options); + // Pending and silent changes still remain. + for (var attr in this.changed) { + if (this._pending[attr] || this._silent[attr]) continue; + delete this.changed[attr]; + } + this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); + } + + this._changing = false; + return this; + }, + + // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event. + // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. + hasChanged: function(attr) { + if (!arguments.length) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed); + return _.has(this.changed, attr); + }, + + // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or + // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what + // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be + // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. + // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model, + // determining if there *would be* a change. + changedAttributes: function(diff) { + if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; + var val, changed = false, old = this._previousAttributes; + for (var attr in diff) { + if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue; + (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val; + } + return changed; + }, + + // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last + // `"change"` event was fired. + previous: function(attr) { + if (!arguments.length || !this._previousAttributes) return null; + return this._previousAttributes[attr]; + }, + + // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous + // `"change"` event. + previousAttributes: function() { + return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); + }, + + // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. It's only possible to + // get into an *invalid* state if you're using silent changes. + isValid: function() { + return !this.validate(this.attributes); + }, + + // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes, + // returning `true` if all is well. If a specific `error` callback has + // been passed, call that instead of firing the general `"error"` event. + _validate: function(attrs, options) { + if (options.silent || !this.validate) return true; + attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); + var error = this.validate(attrs, options); + if (!error) return true; + if (options && options.error) { + options.error(this, error, options); + } else { + this.trigger('error', this, error, options); + } + return false; + } + + }); + + // Backbone.Collection + // ------------------- + + // Provides a standard collection class for our sets of models, ordered + // or unordered. If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain + // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed. + var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) { + options || (options = {}); + if (options.model) this.model = options.model; + if (options.comparator) this.comparator = options.comparator; + this._reset(); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + if (models) this.reset(models, {silent: true, parse: options.parse}); + }; + + // Define the Collection's inheritable methods. + _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, { + + // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**. + // This should be overridden in most cases. + model: Model, + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function(){}, + + // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the + // models' attributes. + toJSON: function(options) { + return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); }); + }, + + // Add a model, or list of models to the set. Pass **silent** to avoid + // firing the `add` event for every new model. + add: function(models, options) { + var i, index, length, model, cid, id, cids = {}, ids = {}, dups = []; + options || (options = {}); + models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; + + // Begin by turning bare objects into model references, and preventing + // invalid models or duplicate models from being added. + for (i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) { + if (!(model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(models[i], options))) { + throw new Error("Can't add an invalid model to a collection"); + } + cid = model.cid; + id = model.id; + if (cids[cid] || this._byCid[cid] || ((id != null) && (ids[id] || this._byId[id]))) { + dups.push(i); + continue; + } + cids[cid] = ids[id] = model; + } + + // Remove duplicates. + i = dups.length; + while (i--) { + models.splice(dups[i], 1); + } + + // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by + // `id` and by `cid`. + for (i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) { + (model = models[i]).on('all', this._onModelEvent, this); + this._byCid[model.cid] = model; + if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; + } + + // Insert models into the collection, re-sorting if needed, and triggering + // `add` events unless silenced. + this.length += length; + index = options.at != null ? options.at : this.models.length; + splice.apply(this.models, [index, 0].concat(models)); + if (this.comparator) this.sort({silent: true}); + if (options.silent) return this; + for (i = 0, length = this.models.length; i < length; i++) { + if (!cids[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) continue; + options.index = i; + model.trigger('add', model, this, options); + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. Pass silent to avoid + // firing the `remove` event for every model removed. + remove: function(models, options) { + var i, l, index, model; + options || (options = {}); + models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; + for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { + model = this.getByCid(models[i]) || this.get(models[i]); + if (!model) continue; + delete this._byId[model.id]; + delete this._byCid[model.cid]; + index = this.indexOf(model); + this.models.splice(index, 1); + this.length--; + if (!options.silent) { + options.index = index; + model.trigger('remove', model, this, options); + } + this._removeReference(model); + } + return this; + }, + + // Add a model to the end of the collection. + push: function(model, options) { + model = this._prepareModel(model, options); + this.add(model, options); + return model; + }, + + // Remove a model from the end of the collection. + pop: function(options) { + var model = this.at(this.length - 1); + this.remove(model, options); + return model; + }, + + // Add a model to the beginning of the collection. + unshift: function(model, options) { + model = this._prepareModel(model, options); + this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options)); + return model; + }, + + // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection. + shift: function(options) { + var model = this.at(0); + this.remove(model, options); + return model; + }, + + // Get a model from the set by id. + get: function(id) { + if (id == null) return void 0; + return this._byId[id.id != null ? id.id : id]; + }, + + // Get a model from the set by client id. + getByCid: function(cid) { + return cid && this._byCid[cid.cid || cid]; + }, + + // Get the model at the given index. + at: function(index) { + return this.models[index]; + }, + + // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of `filter`. + where: function(attrs) { + if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return []; + return this.filter(function(model) { + for (var key in attrs) { + if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false; + } + return true; + }); + }, + + // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under + // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item + // is added. + sort: function(options) { + options || (options = {}); + if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator'); + var boundComparator = _.bind(this.comparator, this); + if (this.comparator.length == 1) { + this.models = this.sortBy(boundComparator); + } else { + this.models.sort(boundComparator); + } + if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); + return this; + }, + + // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. + pluck: function(attr) { + return _.map(this.models, function(model){ return model.get(attr); }); + }, + + // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually, + // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing + // any `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished. + reset: function(models, options) { + models || (models = []); + options || (options = {}); + for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) { + this._removeReference(this.models[i]); + } + this._reset(); + this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); + if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); + return this; + }, + + // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the + // collection when they arrive. If `add: true` is passed, appends the + // models to the collection instead of resetting. + fetch: function(options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + if (options.parse === undefined) options.parse = true; + var collection = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) { + collection[options.add ? 'add' : 'reset'](collection.parse(resp, xhr), options); + if (success) success(collection, resp); + }; + options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, collection, options); + return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options); + }, + + // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the + // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we + // wait for the server to agree. + create: function(model, options) { + var coll = this; + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + model = this._prepareModel(model, options); + if (!model) return false; + if (!options.wait) coll.add(model, options); + var success = options.success; + options.success = function(nextModel, resp, xhr) { + if (options.wait) coll.add(nextModel, options); + if (success) { + success(nextModel, resp); + } else { + nextModel.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + } + }; + model.save(null, options); + return model; + }, + + // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the + // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through. + parse: function(resp, xhr) { + return resp; + }, + + // Proxy to _'s chain. Can't be proxied the same way the rest of the + // underscore methods are proxied because it relies on the underscore + // constructor. + chain: function () { + return _(this.models).chain(); + }, + + // Reset all internal state. Called when the collection is reset. + _reset: function(options) { + this.length = 0; + this.models = []; + this._byId = {}; + this._byCid = {}; + }, + + // Prepare a model or hash of attributes to be added to this collection. + _prepareModel: function(model, options) { + options || (options = {}); + if (!(model instanceof Model)) { + var attrs = model; + options.collection = this; + model = new this.model(attrs, options); + if (!model._validate(model.attributes, options)) model = false; + } else if (!model.collection) { + model.collection = this; + } + return model; + }, + + // Internal method to remove a model's ties to a collection. + _removeReference: function(model) { + if (this == model.collection) { + delete model.collection; + } + model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this); + }, + + // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event. + // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other + // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate + // in other collections are ignored. + _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) { + if ((event == 'add' || event == 'remove') && collection != this) return; + if (event == 'destroy') { + this.remove(model, options); + } + if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) { + delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)]; + this._byId[model.id] = model; + } + this.trigger.apply(this, arguments); + } + + }); + + // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection. + var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'reduce', 'reduceRight', 'find', + 'detect', 'filter', 'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', + 'include', 'contains', 'invoke', 'max', 'min', 'sortBy', 'sortedIndex', + 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'initial', 'rest', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf', + 'shuffle', 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'groupBy']; + + // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`. + _.each(methods, function(method) { + Collection.prototype[method] = function() { + return _[method].apply(_, [this.models].concat(_.toArray(arguments))); + }; + }); + + // Backbone.Router + // ------------------- + + // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are + // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically. + var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) { + options || (options = {}); + if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes; + this._bindRoutes(); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + }; + + // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted + // parts of route strings. + var namedParam = /:\w+/g; + var splatParam = /\*\w+/g; + var escapeRegExp = /[-[\]{}()+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g; + + // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods. + _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, { + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function(){}, + + // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example: + // + // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) { + // ... + // }); + // + route: function(route, name, callback) { + Backbone.history || (Backbone.history = new History); + if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route); + if (!callback) callback = this[name]; + Backbone.history.route(route, _.bind(function(fragment) { + var args = this._extractParameters(route, fragment); + callback && callback.apply(this, args); + this.trigger.apply(this, ['route:' + name].concat(args)); + Backbone.history.trigger('route', this, name, args); + }, this)); + return this; + }, + + // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history. + navigate: function(fragment, options) { + Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options); + }, + + // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the + // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general + // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map. + _bindRoutes: function() { + if (!this.routes) return; + var routes = []; + for (var route in this.routes) { + routes.unshift([route, this.routes[route]]); + } + for (var i = 0, l = routes.length; i < l; i++) { + this.route(routes[i][0], routes[i][1], this[routes[i][1]]); + } + }, + + // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching + // against the current location hash. + _routeToRegExp: function(route) { + route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&') + .replace(namedParam, '([^\/]+)') + .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)'); + return new RegExp('^' + route + '$'); + }, + + // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of + // extracted parameters. + _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) { + return route.exec(fragment).slice(1); + } + + }); + + // Backbone.History + // ---------------- + + // Handles cross-browser history management, based on URL fragments. If the + // browser does not support `onhashchange`, falls back to polling. + var History = Backbone.History = function() { + this.handlers = []; + _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl'); + }; + + // Cached regex for cleaning leading hashes and slashes . + var routeStripper = /^[#\/]/; + + // Cached regex for detecting MSIE. + var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/; + + // Has the history handling already been started? + History.started = false; + + // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods. + _.extend(History.prototype, Events, { + + // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is + // twenty times a second. + interval: 50, + + // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug + // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded. + getHash: function(windowOverride) { + var loc = windowOverride ? windowOverride.location : window.location; + var match = loc.href.match(/#(.*)$/); + return match ? match[1] : ''; + }, + + // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL, + // the hash, or the override. + getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) { + if (fragment == null) { + if (this._hasPushState || forcePushState) { + fragment = window.location.pathname; + var search = window.location.search; + if (search) fragment += search; + } else { + fragment = this.getHash(); + } + } + if (!fragment.indexOf(this.options.root)) fragment = fragment.substr(this.options.root.length); + return fragment.replace(routeStripper, ''); + }, + + // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches + // an existing route, and `false` otherwise. + start: function(options) { + if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started"); + History.started = true; + + // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe? + // Is pushState desired ... is it available? + this.options = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options); + this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false; + this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState; + this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && window.history && window.history.pushState); + var fragment = this.getFragment(); + var docMode = document.documentMode; + var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7)); + + if (oldIE) { + this.iframe = $('