Flattening Hugo theme module?

[TetraTheta]

This is niche use case, but here is my story.

When I boot into my OS and run hugo server first time, it takes 45 seconds to collect modules. It also requires additional ~10 seconds to build site and serve it from RAM. But in next run, it doesn't take too much time. To me, this looks like wasting my time. I have to wait almost 1 minutes to see my site locally.

I'm concerned that this might cause CI build time to be long too.
Taking too much time in local environment is just an (very) annoying problem, but taking too much time in CI build is a problem because GitHub Free plan limits total Action running time to 2,000 minutes per a month.

I haven't tried to run site build in GitHub yet though.

---

So, I'm thinking about flattening Hugo theme files.

If I use GitHub Action to download all of the HB Theme's dependencies and files, combine them in one repository and let Hugo use that repository only, it might help site building time, because Hugo don't need to dig through dependency tree and get files directly from the repository.

Of course, since HB Theme evloves as time passes, the dependencies should be updated too. With GitHub Action, I think it can be configured to fetch latest dependencies daily or manual basis.

---

But I don't know well about how Hugo modules and Go modules works.

• Is it possible to make separate repository that collects and flattens files of its dependencies in Go or Hugo?
• Can it be configured of which modules to collect, like we do in module.imports in hugo.yaml?

[razonyang]

Is it possible to make separate repository that collects and flattens files of its dependencies in Go or Hugo?

Sorry, I don't follow what does the flatten mean.

Can it be configured of which modules to collect, like we do in module.imports in hugo.yaml?

Hugo collects only the modules you imported, so you don't need to take care of this, or remove the unused modules from the config.

When I boot into my OS and run hugo server first time, it takes 45 seconds to collect modules.

Does it required to collect the modules every first time after reboot? If so, please configure the cachedir if you're using Hugo that version is less than v0.116.0, since in the early Hugo version, the /tmp is used for caching on *nix systems, which will be cleanned up after reboot.

• How many pages/posts do you have in your site?
• What OS and version do you used to build the site?
• What Hugo version do you used?

[TetraTheta]

According to hugo config | find "cache" (Yes, I use Windows), it says cacheDir = 'C:\Users\AKULA\AppData\Local\hugo_cache' which doesn't get wiped between reboots.

Here is result of hugo server -p 80 which ran right after reboot.

Watching for changes in E:\DEV\hugo-hb\{archetypes,assets,content,layouts,package.hugo.json,package.json}
Watching for config changes in E:\DEV\hugo-hb\config\_default, E:\DEV\hugo-hb\config\development, E:\DEV\hugo-hb\go.mod
Start building sites …
hugo v0.119.0-b84644c008e0dc2c4b67bd69cccf87a41a03937e+extended windows/amd64 BuildDate=2023-09-24T15:20:17Z VendorInfo=gohugoio


                   |  KO
-------------------+-------
  Pages            |  217
  Paginator pages  |   51
  Non-page files   | 3167
  Static files     |    0
  Processed images |    6
  Aliases          |   35
  Sitemaps         |    1
  Cleaned          |    0

Built in 45684 ms
Environment: "development"
Serving pages from memory
Running in Fast Render Mode. For full rebuilds on change: hugo server --disableFastRender
Web Server is available at http://localhost:80/ (bind address 127.0.0.1)
Press Ctrl+C to stop

• Hugo version: v0.119.0
• Statistics: 217 Pages, 3167 Non-page files
• Windows version: Windows 11 22H2, 22621.2428

So I think cacheDir doesn't help with initial build time.

[razonyang]

That is very slow, could you mind inviting me to your private repo, so that I can reproduce this in my machine on same OS?

[TetraTheta]

I added you to my private repository.

I was planning to upload all of my blog contents to remote after migration was complete, so this is not complete site.

[razonyang]

Cloning, it seems contains a lot of large files (about 300 MiB).

[TetraTheta]

Most of them are WebP image files. Sorry!

When I migrate my blog's content to Hugo, I tried to minimize image file sizes by converting from 1920x1080 JPG/PNG to 1280x720 WebP. But still, combined size of images are still large.

Because of this, I don't think I can use Git LFS freely in GitHub. According to official documentation, Git LFS in GitHub has much tighter limit than repository because every read operation count to LFS limitation.

[razonyang]

About the GitHub Actions, there is an real example of HB documemtation site (around 2k pages, 160 processed images and some time consuming operations like GitHub APIs), which takes about 3m for every build and deploy to Cloudflare Pages.
It's recommend using GitHub cache action to cache the Hugo modules, to save the build time.
I'd suggest creating an test GitHub account to test your site in private repo to see how it perform.

[razonyang]

Btw, there is a command for vendoring the modules: hugo mod vendor, but it's currently not availble, see gohugoio/hugo#10123.

[TetraTheta]

Sorry for the vague explanation of my 'plan'. I will describe my 'plan' as detailed as possible.

Current Problem

• Slow build time after reboot
  Build time became short enough after first build. But this is so annoying to me.
• Possible slow build time in GitHub Action
  This will impact the time I can use for GitHub Action. The longer the build time takes, The lesser times I can run GitHub Actions.

My Plan

I think nested and complicated Hugo module structure causes long build time.

I remember that few years ago when I downloaded whole theme file into themes directory and build the site, build time wasn't that slow.
But in current project structure, Hugo have to look into dependencies of my site and gather files of site dependencies into one, instead of directly looking into themes directory.

If I make Hugo only look single directory or repository, it may reduce build time.

Currently, my site depends on multiple modules:

mysite
├ dependency-a
│ ├ dependency-a-a
│ ├ dependency-a-b
│ ├ dependency-a-c
│ ├ dependency-a-d
│ └ dependency-a-e
├ dependency-b
│ ├ dependency-a-a
│ ├ dependency-b-a
│ ├ dependency-b-b
│ ├ dependency-c-a
│ └ dependency-d-b
├ dependency-c
│ ├ dependency-c-a
│ ├ dependency-c-b
│ └ dependency-c-c
├ dependency-d
│ ├ dependency-d-a
│ ├ dependency-d-b
│ └ dependency-d-c
├ dependency-e
├ dependency-f
├ dependency-g
└ dependency-h

Hugo have to dig into this dependency tree to gather required files to build site.

But if I minimize dependency tree to be like this, this may help build time to be shorter.

mysite
└ flattened-dependency

flattened-dependency
├ dependency-a
│ ├ dependency-a-a
│ ├ ...
│ └ dependency-a-e
├ dependency-b
│ ├ dependency-a-a
│ ├ dependency-b-a
│ ├ dependency-b-b
│ ├ dependency-c-a
│ └ dependency-d-b
├ dependency-c
│ ├ dependency-c-a
│ ├ dependency-c-b
│ └ dependency-c-c
├ dependency-d
│ ├ dependency-d-a
│ ├ dependency-d-b
│ └ dependency-d-c
├ dependency-e
├ dependency-f
├ dependency-g
└ dependency-h

flattened-dependency will have all files of its dependencies. So file-a in dependency-a and file-d-a in dependency-d-a will be in flattened-dependency directly.

This structure may be similar to 'monorepo' design, or like you did in hbstack/blog repository. But instead, it doesn't have modules. It have every file of its module have, but in combined way.

flattened-dependency
├ layout/partial
│ ├ file-a-a (came from 'dependency-a-a')
│ └ file-b-c (came from 'dependency-b-c')
├ assets
│ ├ file-d-a (came from 'dependency-d-a')
│ └ file-a-a-2 (came from 'dependency-a-a')
...

Sorry if this idea is still vague to you. If you tell me where you don't understand well, I will explain that part more detailed.

[razonyang]

I think hugo mod vendor is something you looking for, but it's unavailable to use, see the comment above, and the problem is not likely causes by the collecting modules, the collecting time is something like hugo: collected modules in 1188 ms. Do you see this message every first run after rebooting the OS?

[TetraTheta]

I just rebooted and run hugo server --gc --disableFastRender -D -p 80.

hugo: collected modules in 1026 ms
Watching for changes in E:\DEV\hugo-hb\{archetypes,assets,content,layouts,package.hugo.json,package.json}
Watching for config changes in E:\DEV\hugo-hb\config\_default, E:\DEV\hugo-hb\config\development, E:\DEV\hugo-hb\go.mod
Start building sites …
hugo v0.119.0-b84644c008e0dc2c4b67bd69cccf87a41a03937e+extended windows/amd64 BuildDate=2023-09-24T15:20:17Z VendorInfo=gohugoio


                   |  KO
-------------------+-------
  Pages            |  217
  Paginator pages  |   51
  Non-page files   | 3167
  Static files     |    0
  Processed images |    6
  Aliases          |   35
  Sitemaps         |    1
  Cleaned          |    0

Built in 44337 ms
Environment: "development"
Serving pages from memory
Web Server is available at http://localhost:80/ (bind address 127.0.0.1)
Press Ctrl+C to stop

Everytime I reboot, I see similar message with this.

If collecting modules isn't problem, I don't get what is causing first build time to be slow.

So I ran hugo --templateMetrics after another reboot.

Since it is too long, I minimized it

hugo: collected modules in 1155 ms
Start building sites …
hugo v0.119.0-b84644c008e0dc2c4b67bd69cccf87a41a03937e+extended windows/amd64 BuildDate=2023-09-24T15:20:17Z VendorInfo=gohugoio


Template Metrics:

     cumulative       average       maximum
       duration      duration      duration  count  template
     ----------      --------      --------  -----  --------
  2m19.0673043s   63.588159ms   22.3965708s   2187  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/card.html
  1m35.1306906s   1.79491869s    22.398685s     53  partials/hb/modules/blog/posts.html
  1m14.4407698s   99.652971ms   18.5411254s    747  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/reading-time
  1m12.8244325s   1.77620567s   18.5469052s     41  blog/list.html
  1m12.7277844s    1.7738484s   18.5443554s     41  partials/hb/modules/blog/list.html
  1m10.4027572s   13.761289ms    1.2295635s   5116  partials/images/image.html
    45.5358047s    7.364678ms    4.3179398s   6183  partials/hugopress/functions/render-hooks.html
    45.2526939s  314.254818ms    4.7748971s    144  blog/single.html
    41.4103532s  287.571897ms   22.3960606s    144  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/reading-time.html
    37.4809159s   45.764244ms    2.2326836s    819  shortcodes/gallery/image.html
     23.550272s  163.543555ms    4.3184505s    144  partials/hb/modules/blog/single.html
     23.169636s   160.90025ms    4.3179398s    144  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-blog-related-posts/hooks/hb-blog-post-content-end.html
    23.1675832s  160.885994ms    4.3179398s    144  partials/hb/modules/blog-related-posts/index.html
    23.1535926s   10.586919ms    1.1769412s   2187  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/card-img.html
    22.4650853s  1.872090441s   22.4158754s     12  _default/index.html
    22.4374682s  1.869789016s   22.4121669s     12  partials/hb/modules/blog/index.html
    20.9168852s  697.229506ms   11.7485884s     30  _default/term.html
     9.9235611s    8.061381ms    1.1822075s   1231  _default/_markup/render-image.html
     9.1860635s   39.766508ms    722.9742ms    231  partials/hugopress/head-begin.html
     7.6733579s   33.217999ms    512.0773ms    231  partials/hugopress/body-end.html
     6.1792954s   26.750196ms    722.9742ms    231  partials/hugopress/modules/seo-base/hooks/head-begin.html
     6.1774672s   26.742282ms    722.9742ms    231  partials/seo/modules/base/index.html
      3.464171s   15.061613ms    266.6887ms    230  partials/hugopress/modules/hb/hooks/body-end
     3.1636837s     13.6956ms    175.8797ms    231  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-base/hooks/hb-body-begin.html
     3.1482818s   13.628925ms     174.844ms    231  partials/hb/modules/header/index.html
     2.6455462s    3.817526ms     74.5537ms    693  partials/hb/modules/header/menu.html
     2.1310788s     838.677µs     41.8191ms   2541  partials/hb/modules/header/submenu.html
     2.0877919s    9.077356ms    139.4583ms    230  partials/hugopress/modules/pwa/hooks/body-end
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     1.8844596s    8.193302ms    176.5003ms    230  partials/hb/assets/purgecss
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      1.650878s    7.146658ms    103.3993ms    231  partials/hugopress/modules/search/hooks/body-end.html
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     1.5335873s     6.66777ms    103.3993ms    230  partials/search/assets/js
     1.4105161s    6.132678ms     94.4434ms    230  partials/hugopress/modules/hb/hooks/head-end
     793.8527ms    3.451533ms     57.9117ms    230  partials/hugopress/modules/seo-favicons/hooks/head-begin
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     266.6887ms    266.6887ms    266.6887ms      1  partials/hb/assets/js.html
     266.6887ms    266.6887ms    266.6887ms      1  partials/hugopress/modules/hb/hooks/body-end.html
     217.4173ms     315.097µs      6.8607ms    690  partials/hb/modules/header/menu-name
     217.1792ms     940.169µs     13.4784ms    231  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-header-theme-toggle/hooks/hb-header-panel.html
      202.176ms     879.026µs     13.4784ms    230  partials/hb/modules/header-theme-toggle/index
     176.5003ms    176.5003ms    176.5003ms      1  partials/hb/assets/purgecss.html
     142.5894ms      617.27µs      8.6181ms    231  partials/hugopress/body-begin.html
     139.4583ms    139.4583ms    139.4583ms      1  partials/pwa/assets/sw.html
     139.4583ms    139.4583ms    139.4583ms      1  partials/hugopress/modules/pwa/hooks/body-end.html
      124.455ms    11.31409ms     41.8191ms     11  partials/hb/modules/header/submenu-icon.html
      122.715ms     533.543µs       8.181ms    230  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-noscript/hooks/body-begin
     118.5705ms     823.406µs      7.5885ms    144  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-blog-post-content-panel/hooks/hb-blog-post-content-end.html
     110.5337ms     767.595µs      6.5857ms    144  partials/hb/modules/content-panel/index.html
     105.7312ms    105.7312ms    105.7312ms      1  hb/scss/index.tmpl.scss
     102.8838ms    102.8838ms    102.8838ms      1  partials/search/assets/js.html
     102.2955ms    102.2955ms    102.2955ms      1  hb/js/index.tmpl.ts
     100.5488ms      31.091µs      1.3795ms   3234  partials/hb/modules/header/functions/is-current.html
      99.6314ms      19.474µs      1.5058ms   5116  partials/images/picture.html
      99.0702ms      89.818µs      8.7155ms   1103  partials/hugopress/functions/render-attributes.html
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      56.5022ms     245.661µs      4.2437ms    230  partials/hb/modules/header/brand
      55.3282ms     55.3282ms     55.3282ms      1  hb/init/index.tmpl.ts
      53.9443ms      234.54µs      3.5616ms    230  partials/hb/modules/header-search/index
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       14.534ms      62.917µs       655.2µs    231  partials/seo/modules/open-graph/index.html
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      13.4784ms     13.4784ms     13.4784ms      1  partials/hb/modules/header-theme-toggle/index.html
       13.024ms       2.118µs       1.375ms   6149  partials/hugopress/functions/modules
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       9.8806ms      68.615µs      1.4916ms    144  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/date.html
       8.6833ms       37.59µs       514.9µs    231  partials/hugopress/modules/seo-translations/hooks/head-begin.html
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       7.6851ms      2.5617ms      3.1127ms      3  _default/terms.html
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       7.0834ms      30.664µs       1.007ms    231  partials/hugopress/body-attributes.html
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       3.2653ms     181.405µs      2.1573ms     18  partials/hb/modules/blog/term/metrics.html
       3.2596ms       14.11µs       514.5µs    231  partials/seo/modules/alternatives/index.html
       3.1449ms      13.614µs       513.2µs    231  partials/seo/modules/twitter-cards/index.html
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        3.021ms      13.077µs       1.007ms    231  partials/katex/assets/css.html
       2.6131ms      18.146µs       514.8µs    144  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/toc.html
       2.6116ms      18.136µs           1ms    144  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/first-section.html
       2.5457ms       11.02µs       510.4µs    231  partials/mermaid/assets/js.html
       2.5435ms       11.01µs       513.1µs    231  partials/hugopress/modules/google-analytics/hooks/head-end.html
       2.5372ms       3.396µs       999.9µs    747  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/authors
        2.516ms     228.727µs       1.002ms     11  partials/hb/functions/page-thumbnail.html
       2.1297ms      2.1297ms      2.1297ms      1  _default/_markup/render-codeblock-mermaid.html
       2.0051ms      57.288µs       979.6µs     35  partials/hugopress/modules/hb/attributes/hb-alias-refresh-meta.html
       1.5236ms       6.595µs       509.6µs    231  partials/google-analytics/index.html
       1.5212ms       6.585µs       507.9µs    231  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-header-theme-toggle/attributes/document.html
        1.514ms     137.636µs       1.002ms     11  partials/hb/functions/page-featured-image.html
       1.5125ms       10.96µs       1.002ms    138  partials/hb/functions/page-thumbnail
       1.5118ms      10.498µs      1.0052ms    144  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/authors.html
       1.0818ms       7.512µs       507.3µs    144  partials/base/functions/has-toc.html
       1.0685ms      62.852µs       563.2µs     17  _internal/shortcodes/youtube.html
       1.0622ms       1.421µs           1ms    747  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/taxonomies
       1.0613ms        7.37µs       551.6µs    144  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-blog-toc-scrollspy/attributes/hb-blog-post-content.html
       1.0292ms       514.6µs      1.0292ms      2  _internal/shortcodes/relref.html
       1.0258ms      85.483µs       513.1µs     12  partials/hb/modules/blog/title.html
       1.0242ms      1.0242ms      1.0242ms      1  partials/hb/assets/css.html
       1.0216ms       4.422µs       511.4µs    231  partials/seo/modules/translations/index.html
        1.021ms       1.693µs       514.3µs    603  partials/hb/modules/blog/post/meta/first-section
       1.0203ms     113.366µs       512.7µs      9  shortcodes/gallery/video.html
         1.02ms       4.415µs       510.2µs    231  partials/katex/assets/js.html
        1.019ms      44.304µs       509.5µs     23  partials/base/functions/is-url-external.html
       1.0152ms       4.394µs       510.1µs    231  partials/hugopress/modules/seo-schema/attributes/document.html
       1.0051ms      1.0051ms      1.0051ms      1  partials/hb/modules/footer/site-info.html
       1.0018ms      1.0018ms      1.0018ms      1  partials/hb/modules/header-language-picker/index.html
       1.0003ms       5.588µs      1.0003ms    179  partials/search/functions/parse-headings.html
       1.0001ms      1.0001ms      1.0001ms      1  partials/search/functions/pages.html
       1.0001ms      1.0001ms      1.0001ms      1  partials/search/functions/search-index-hash.html
            1ms           1ms           1ms      1  _internal/_default/sitemap.xml
        643.2µs      58.472µs         558µs     11  shortcodes/bs/collapse.html
        643.2µs      58.472µs         558µs     11  partials/bootstrap/collapse.html
        551.1µs       2.396µs       551.1µs    230  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-header-socials/hooks/hb-header-panel
        512.1µs       512.1µs       512.1µs      1  partials/hugopress/modules/google-adsense/hooks/head-end.html
        510.1µs     170.033µs       510.1µs      3  partials/pwa/functions/precache.html
        510.1µs     170.033µs       510.1µs      3  partials/base/partial-if-exists.html
        507.5µs         546ns       507.5µs    929  partials/hb/modules/header/functions/breakpoint
        507.3µs       2.205µs       507.3µs    230  partials/google-analytics/script
        507.2µs       2.205µs       507.2µs    230  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-blog/attributes/hb-main
        437.1µs      12.855µs       437.1µs     34  partials/hugopress/functions/modules.html
             0s            0s            0s     11  partials/hb/modules/blog/home/taxonomies
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             0s            0s            0s      1  _internal/_default/robots.txt
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             0s            0s            0s     12  partials/hb/modules/blog/term/profile
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             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/pwa/assets/meta.html
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             0s            0s            0s    230  partials/hugopress/modules/google-adsense/hooks/head-end
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             0s            0s            0s      2  partials/hb/functions/debug
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             0s            0s            0s     18  partials/hb/modules/blog/author/image.html
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             0s            0s            0s    144  partials/hb/modules/content-panel/translations.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/search/functions/pages
             0s            0s            0s      1  hb/modules/back-to-top/scss/variables.tmpl.scss
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-custom/hooks/head-end.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/modules/footer/powered-by.html
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             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/functions/image-size.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/pwa/functions/baseurl.html
             0s            0s            0s     35  partials/hb/assets/css
             0s            0s            0s     47  partials/hb/modules/pagination/separator
             0s            0s            0s      1  hb/modules/slide/scss/variables.tmpl.scss
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/modules/toc-scrollspy/functions/attributes.html
             0s            0s            0s     12  partials/hb/modules/carousel/carousel.html
             0s            0s            0s    271  partials/hugopress/functions/settings
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/functions/debug.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/functions/logo.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hugopress/modules/pwa/hooks/head-begin.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  hb/modules/content-panel/scss/variables.tmpl.scss
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/google-adsense/index.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/modules/blog/functions/has-sidebar.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/modules/footer/menus.html
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             0s            0s            0s      1  hb/modules/progress-bar/scss/variables.tmpl.scss
             0s            0s            0s    230  partials/hb/modules/header-language-picker/index
             0s            0s            0s      1  hb/modules/scrollbar/scss/variables.tmpl.scss
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hb/modules/footer/modules/socials/index.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  hb/modules/blog/scss/variables.tmpl.scss
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-custom/hooks/body-end.html
             0s            0s            0s      1  partials/hugopress/modules/hb-footer-socials/hooks/hb-footer-site-info-end.html
             0s            0s            0s    143  partials/hb/modules/toc-scrollspy/functions/attributes
             0s            0s            0s      1  hb/modules/base/scss/variables.tmpl.scss


                   |  KO
-------------------+-------
  Pages            |  217
  Paginator pages  |   51
  Non-page files   | 3167
  Static files     |    0
  Processed images |    6
  Aliases          |   35
  Sitemaps         |    1
  Cleaned          |    0

Total in 85732 ms

[razonyang]

Yep, it's not the modules collecting issue (hugo: collected modules in 1026 ms), I'm testing your site on my SSD and HHD drives, the former took 10s, and the later still be cloning and testing, I think it's likely a IO performance issue. Will post the result later.
Please also check if there is some softwares watching the site folder, which will slow down the build performance, such as the OneDriver.
If you're using HHD, you can try to build on a SSD driver to see how it perform.

[TetraTheta]

Moving whole directory to SSD reduced first build time dramatically.

hugo: collected modules in 1248 ms
Built in 5378 ms

I guess it is indeed IO performance issue.

Thank you for investigating the issue I had!

[razonyang]

You're welcome, you can remove me from your private repo.