diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index be20265..901f888 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- Parse raw values to values for all fields (#98).
 - Add constraints and tests for Direction (#97).
 - Improve support for Distance, Direction and Elapsed Time (#96).
 - Refactor exceptions (#94).
diff --git a/src/euring/codes.py b/src/euring/codes.py
index 445ad0e..fa57eac 100644
--- a/src/euring/codes.py
+++ b/src/euring/codes.py
@@ -182,21 +182,22 @@ def parse_longitude(value: str) -> float:
     return _parse_decimal_coordinate(value, max_abs=180, max_decimals=4, field_name="Longitude")
 
 
-def parse_direction(value: str) -> str:
+def parse_direction(value: str) -> int | None:
     """Parse and validate a direction in degrees (000-359) or hyphen placeholder."""
     if value is None:
         raise EuringConstraintException(f'Value "{value}" is not a valid direction.')
-    if value and set(value) == {"-"}:
-        return value
-    if value.startswith("-"):
+    value_str = f"{value}"
+    if value_str and set(value_str) == {"-"}:
+        return None
+    if value_str.startswith("-"):
         raise EuringConstraintException(f'Value "{value}" is not a valid direction.')
     try:
-        parsed = int(value)
+        parsed = int(value_str)
     except (TypeError, ValueError):
         raise EuringConstraintException(f'Value "{value}" is not a valid direction.')
     if parsed < 0 or parsed > 359:
         raise EuringConstraintException("Direction must be between 0 and 359 degrees.")
-    return value
+    return parsed
 
 
 def _parse_decimal_coordinate(value: str, *, max_abs: int, max_decimals: int, field_name: str) -> float:
@@ -263,12 +264,15 @@ def lookup_place_details(value: str | int) -> dict[str, Any]:
     raise EuringLookupException(f'Value "{value}" is not a valid EURING place code.')
 
 
-def lookup_date(value: str) -> date:
+def lookup_date(value: str | int) -> date:
     """Parse a EURING date string into a datetime.date."""
+    value_str = f"{value}"
+    if value_str.isdigit() and len(value_str) < 8:
+        value_str = value_str.zfill(8)
     try:
-        day = int(value[0:2])
-        month = int(value[2:4])
-        year = int(value[4:8])
+        day = int(value_str[0:2])
+        month = int(value_str[2:4])
+        year = int(value_str[4:8])
         return date(year, month, day)
     except (IndexError, ValueError):
         raise EuringConstraintException(f'Value "{value}" is not a valid EURING date.')
diff --git a/src/euring/field_schema.py b/src/euring/field_schema.py
index 4acda37..20d86c1 100644
--- a/src/euring/field_schema.py
+++ b/src/euring/field_schema.py
@@ -6,7 +6,15 @@
 
 from .codes import lookup_description
 from .exceptions import EuringConstraintException, EuringTypeException
-from .types import is_valid_type
+from .types import (
+    TYPE_ALPHABETIC,
+    TYPE_ALPHANUMERIC,
+    TYPE_INTEGER,
+    TYPE_NUMERIC,
+    TYPE_NUMERIC_SIGNED,
+    TYPE_TEXT,
+    is_valid_type,
+)
 
 __all__ = [
     "EuringField",
@@ -70,8 +78,7 @@ def _validate_length(self, raw: str) -> None:
                 f'Value "{raw}" is length {value_length}, should be at most {self.max_length}.'
             )
 
-    def parse(self, raw: str) -> Any | None:
-        """Parse raw text into a Python value."""
+    def _validate_raw(self, raw: str) -> str | None:
         if raw == "":
             if not self._is_required():
                 return None
@@ -81,6 +88,26 @@ def parse(self, raw: str) -> Any | None:
             raise EuringTypeException(f'Value "{raw}" is not valid for type {self.type_name}.')
         return raw
 
+    def _coerce_type(self, raw: str) -> Any:
+        if self.type_name == TYPE_INTEGER:
+            if set(raw) == {"-"}:
+                return None
+            return int(raw)
+        if self.type_name == TYPE_NUMERIC:
+            return float(raw)
+        if self.type_name == TYPE_NUMERIC_SIGNED:
+            return float(raw)
+        if self.type_name in {TYPE_ALPHABETIC, TYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, TYPE_TEXT}:
+            return raw
+        return raw
+
+    def parse(self, raw: str) -> Any | None:
+        """Parse raw text into a Python value."""
+        validated = self._validate_raw(raw)
+        if validated is None:
+            return None
+        return self._coerce_type(validated)
+
     def encode(self, value: Any | None) -> str:
         """Encode a Python value to raw text."""
         if value is None or value == "":
@@ -134,12 +161,12 @@ def _mapping(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return mapping
 
     def parse(self, raw: str) -> Any | None:
-        value = super().parse(raw)
-        if value is None:
+        validated = self._validate_raw(raw)
+        if validated is None:
             return None
         if self.parser is None:
-            return value
-        return self.parser(value)
+            return self._coerce_type(validated)
+        return self.parser(validated)
 
     def describe(self, value: Any | None) -> Any | None:
         if self.lookup is None or value is None:
diff --git a/src/euring/parsing.py b/src/euring/parsing.py
index 9cda13c..ba67e87 100644
--- a/src/euring/parsing.py
+++ b/src/euring/parsing.py
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ def euring_decode_value(
     parsed = field.parse(value)
     if parsed is None:
         return None
-    results: dict[str, Any] = {"value": value}
+    results: dict[str, Any] = {"raw_value": value, "value": parsed}
     if parser:
         results["parsed_value"] = parsed
-    results["description"] = field.describe(parsed)
+    description_value = parsed
+    if lookup and not parser and value != "":
+        description_value = value
+    results["description"] = field.describe(description_value)
     return results
diff --git a/src/euring/record.py b/src/euring/record.py
index 38b6252..4d9f859 100644
--- a/src/euring/record.py
+++ b/src/euring/record.py
@@ -52,9 +52,11 @@ def set(self, key: str, value: object) -> EuringRecord:
         field = _FIELD_MAP.get(key)
         if field is None:
             raise ValueError(f'Unknown field key "{key}".')
+        raw_value = "" if value is None else str(value)
         self._fields[key] = {
             "name": field["name"],
-            "value": "" if value is None else str(value),
+            "raw_value": raw_value,
+            "value": value,
             "order": field["order"],
         }
         return self
@@ -64,9 +66,11 @@ def _set_raw_value(self, key: str, value: object) -> None:
         field = _FIELD_MAP.get(key)
         if field is None:
             return
+        raw_value = "" if value is None else f"{value}"
         self._fields[key] = {
             "name": field["name"],
-            "value": "" if value is None else value,
+            "raw_value": raw_value,
+            "value": raw_value,
             "order": field["order"],
         }
 
@@ -135,18 +139,23 @@ def _validate_fields(self) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
         variable_length_keys = {"distance", "direction", "elapsed_time"}
         for index, field in enumerate(fields):
             key = field["key"]
-            value = self._fields.get(key, {}).get("value", "")
-            value = "" if value is None else value
+            field_state = self._fields.get(key, {})
+            raw_value = field_state.get("raw_value", field_state.get("value", ""))
+            raw_value = "" if raw_value is None else raw_value
             try:
                 field_def = field
                 if self.format != FORMAT_EURING2000 and key in variable_length_keys and field.get("length"):
                     field_def = {**field, "max_length": field["length"]}
                     field_def.pop("length", None)
                 field_obj = coerce_field(field_def)
-                parsed_value = field_obj.parse(value)
-                description = field_obj.describe(parsed_value)
+                parsed_value = field_obj.parse(raw_value)
+                description_value = parsed_value
+                if field_obj.get("lookup") is not None and field_obj.get("parser") is None and raw_value != "":
+                    description_value = raw_value
+                description = field_obj.describe(description_value)
                 if key in self._fields:
-                    if field_obj.get("parser") is not None and parsed_value is not None:
+                    self._fields[key]["value"] = parsed_value
+                    if field_obj.get("parser") is not None:
                         self._fields[key]["parsed_value"] = parsed_value
                     if description is not None:
                         self._fields[key]["description"] = description
@@ -154,7 +163,7 @@ def _validate_fields(self) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
                 payload = {
                     "field": field["name"],
                     "message": f"{exc}",
-                    "value": "" if value is None else f"{value}",
+                    "value": "" if raw_value is None else f"{raw_value}",
                     "key": key,
                     "index": index,
                 }
@@ -177,7 +186,7 @@ def _has_non_optional_errors(self, errors: dict[str, list]) -> bool:
 
     def _validate_record_rules(self) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
         """Validate multi-field and record-level rules."""
-        values_by_key = {key: field.get("value", "") for key, field in self._fields.items()}
+        values_by_key = {key: field.get("raw_value", field.get("value", "")) for key, field in self._fields.items()}
         errors: list[dict[str, object]] = []
         for error in record_rule_errors(self.format, values_by_key):
             errors.append(_record_error_for_key(error["key"], error["message"], value=error["value"]))
@@ -196,10 +205,22 @@ def _serialize(self) -> str:
         """Serialize current field values without strict completeness checks."""
         fields = _fields_for_format(self.format)
         values_by_key: dict[str, str] = {}
+        hyphen_required_keys = {"distance", "direction", "elapsed_time"}
         for field in fields:
             key = field["key"]
-            value = self._fields.get(key, {}).get("value", "")
-            values_by_key[key] = "" if value is None else value
+            raw_value = self._fields.get(key, {}).get("raw_value")
+            value = self._fields.get(key, {}).get("value")
+            if raw_value is None:
+                raw_value = self._fields.get(key, {}).get("value", "")
+            raw_value = "" if raw_value is None else f"{raw_value}"
+            if self.format == FORMAT_EURING2000 and (value is None or value == ""):
+                raw_value = ""
+            if self.format in {FORMAT_EURING2000PLUS, FORMAT_EURING2020} and key in hyphen_required_keys:
+                if value is None or value == "":
+                    length = field.get("length") or field.get("max_length")
+                    if length:
+                        raw_value = "-" * int(length)
+            values_by_key[key] = raw_value
         if self.format == FORMAT_EURING2000:
             return _format_fixed_width(values_by_key, _fixed_width_fields())
         return "|".join(values_by_key.get(field["key"], "") for field in fields)
diff --git a/tests/test_decoding.py b/tests/test_decoding.py
index a9db8c0..3a09f2b 100644
--- a/tests/test_decoding.py
+++ b/tests/test_decoding.py
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ def test_decode_euring2020_format_rejects_2000_plus(self):
 
     def test_decode_value_with_lookup(self):
         result = euring_decode_value("01012024", TYPE_INTEGER, length=8, lookup=lookup_date)
-        assert result["value"] == "01012024"
+        assert result["raw_value"] == "01012024"
+        assert result["value"] == 1012024
         assert result["description"].isoformat() == "2024-01-01"
 
     def test_decode_value_invalid_type(self):
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ def test_decode_euring2000plus_allows_short_elapsed_time(self):
         encoded = "|".join(record)
         decoded = EuringRecord.decode(encoded, format="euring2000plus")
         assert decoded.errors["record"] == []
-        assert decoded.fields["elapsed_time"]["value"] == "1"
+        assert decoded.fields["elapsed_time"]["value"] == 1
 
     def test_decode_euring2020_allows_short_distance(self):
         record = _make_euring2000_plus_record(accuracy="A").split("|")
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ def test_decode_euring2020_allows_short_distance(self):
         encoded = "|".join(record)
         decoded = EuringRecord.decode(encoded, format="euring2020")
         assert decoded.errors["record"] == []
-        assert decoded.fields["distance"]["value"] == "18"
+        assert decoded.fields["distance"]["value"] == 18
 
     def test_parse_old_greater_coverts_valid(self):
         assert parse_old_greater_coverts("0") == "0"
@@ -172,12 +173,12 @@ def test_parse_old_greater_coverts_invalid(self):
             parse_old_greater_coverts("B")
 
     def test_parse_direction_allows_degrees(self):
-        assert parse_direction("0") == "0"
-        assert parse_direction("359") == "359"
+        assert parse_direction("0") == 0
+        assert parse_direction("359") == 359
 
     def test_parse_direction_allows_hyphens(self):
-        assert parse_direction("---") == "---"
-        assert parse_direction("-") == "-"
+        assert parse_direction("---") is None
+        assert parse_direction("-") is None
 
     def test_parse_direction_rejects_out_of_range(self):
         with pytest.raises(EuringConstraintException):
diff --git a/tests/test_record.py b/tests/test_record.py
index a6c93a3..45c4e82 100644
--- a/tests/test_record.py
+++ b/tests/test_record.py
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ def _values_from_record(record: str) -> dict[str, str]:
     decoded = EuringRecord.decode(record)
     values: dict[str, str] = {}
     for key, field in decoded.fields.items():
-        value = field.get("value")
-        if value is None:
+        raw_value = field.get("raw_value")
+        if raw_value is None:
             continue
-        values[key] = value
+        values[key] = raw_value
     return values