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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<search>
<entry>
<title>AXI4</title>
<url>/2021/09/11/AXI4/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h1 id="1-介绍"><a href="#1-介绍" class="headerlink" title="1. 介绍"></a>1. 介绍</h1><ol>
<li>概念<ul>
<li>AXI(高级可扩展接口),是ARM AMBA的一部分</li>
<li>AMBA(高级微控制器总线架构)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>AXI三种类型<ul>
<li>AXI4(AXI4-Full):用于高性能存储器映射需求</li>
<li>AXI4-Lite:简化版的AXI4接口,用于地吞吐率存储器映射的通信</li>
<li>AXI4-Stream:用于高速的流数据通信</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>AXI4优点<ul>
<li>生产力:标准化的AXI接口,加快开发人员的生产力</li>
<li>灵活性:<ul>
<li>AXI4允许高吞吐率的突发,最大支持256个数据的传输</li>
<li>AXI4-Lite占用资源少,只支持单次传输一个数据</li>
<li>AXI4-Stream没有限制突发长度</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>可获得性</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>AXI的工作方式<ul>
<li>读地址通道</li>
<li>读数据通道</li>
<li>写地址通道</li>
<li>写响应通道</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>AXI InterConnect和AXI SmartConnect:都用于连接单/多个存储器映射的AXI Master和单/多个存储器映射的AXI Slave</li>
</ol>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>RISC-V</title>
<url>/2021/07/20/RISC-V/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h2 id="1-RISC-V汇编语言"><a href="#1-RISC-V汇编语言" class="headerlink" title="1. RISC-V汇编语言"></a>1. RISC-V汇编语言</h2><span id="more"></span>
<h3 id="1-1-算数指令"><a href="#1-1-算数指令" class="headerlink" title="1.1 算数指令"></a>1.1 算数指令</h3><ul>
<li>one two ,three, four</li>
<li>one = 操作名</li>
<li>two = 操作结果</li>
<li>three = 操作数1</li>
<li>four = 操作数2</li>
<li>操作<ul>
<li>add</li>
<li>sub</li>
<li>addi </li>
<li>mv</li>
<li>li</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-2-访存指令"><a href="#1-2-访存指令" class="headerlink" title="1.2 访存指令"></a>1.2 访存指令</h3><ul>
<li>读字:lw x10 , 偏移量(x15)<ul>
<li>x15的值加上偏移量所得的地址的值放到x10中</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>写字:sw x10 , 40(x15)<ul>
<li>x15加上40的地址中的值放到x10中</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>读字节:lb/lbu<ul>
<li>经过符号扩展</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>写字节:sb<ul>
<li>不经过符号扩展</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-3-条件判断分支转移"><a href="#1-3-条件判断分支转移" class="headerlink" title="1.3 条件判断分支转移"></a>1.3 条件判断分支转移</h3><ul>
<li>条件分支转移:beq register1 , register2, 跳转地址 <ul>
<li>bne为不相等跳转、blt小于则跳转、bltu当作无符号比较、bge大于等于跳转</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>无条件转移:j Loop</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-4-逻辑运算指令"><a href="#1-4-逻辑运算指令" class="headerlink" title="1.4 逻辑运算指令"></a>1.4 逻辑运算指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>andi(与立即数做与运算)、xori、ori</li>
<li>slli、srli</li>
<li>算数右移(有符号扩展)sra和srai</li>
<li>mv rd , rs = addi rd , rs 0</li>
<li>li rd , 13 = addi rd , x0 13<h3 id="1-5-函数调用"><a href="#1-5-函数调用" class="headerlink" title="1.5 函数调用"></a>1.5 函数调用</h3></li>
<li>调用过程<ol>
<li>先将需要用到的参数保存</li>
<li>将控制权移交给这次调用的功能函数</li>
<li>根据功能函数申请一定的存储空间</li>
<li>执行函数的功能操作</li>
<li>将结果数据保存好,同时还原寄存器的值,释放申请的空间</li>
<li>控制器返还给原进程</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>jr</li>
<li>jal</li>
<li>其他<ul>
<li>a0-a7:编号x10-x17的寄存器,用来向调用的函数传参,a0和a1寄存器常用于传递返回值</li>
<li>ra:x1寄存器,用来保存返回时的返回地址值</li>
<li>s0-s11:对应x8-x9和x18-x27的寄存器,保存原进程中的关键数据避免在函数调用中被破坏</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-6-栈的使用"><a href="#1-6-栈的使用" class="headerlink" title="1.6 栈的使用"></a>1.6 栈的使用</h3><ul>
<li>sp为栈针</li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/RegisterNames.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/stackInMemory.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-RISC-V指令表示"><a href="#2-RISC-V指令表示" class="headerlink" title="2. RISC-V指令表示"></a>2. RISC-V指令表示</h2><ul>
<li>指令格式<ul>
<li>R -寄存器于寄存器之间算数运算</li>
<li>i -寄存器与立即数之间算数运算</li>
<li>S -写存储器</li>
<li>B -分支转移</li>
<li>U -高20bit位的立即数操作</li>
<li>J -用于跳转</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-1-R型指令"><a href="#2-1-R型指令" class="headerlink" title="2.1 R型指令"></a>2.1 R型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/R%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>操作码二进制表示为:0110011</li>
<li>funct7+funct7:与操作码相组合使用,进一步描述指令</li>
<li>rs2:原寄存器,第一个操作数寄存器编号</li>
<li>rs1:原寄存器,第二个操作数寄存器编号</li>
<li>rd:目的寄存器,接收结果的目的寄存器编号</li>
<li>例:<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/R%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/R%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-2-I型指令"><a href="#2-2-I型指令" class="headerlink" title="2.2 I型指令"></a>2.2 I型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>例:<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>访存装载<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4Load%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E8%AE%BF%E5%AD%98%E8%A3%85%E8%BD%BD%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-3-S型指令"><a href="#2-3-S型指令" class="headerlink" title="2.3 S型指令"></a>2.3 S型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/S%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>例子<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/S%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%90.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/S%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-4-B型指令"><a href="#2-4-B型指令" class="headerlink" title="2.4 B型指令"></a>2.4 B型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>例子<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%901.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E4%BE%8B%E5%AD%902.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>立即数扩展<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%B3%E6%95%B0%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95.png" title="图片"><h3 id="2-5-U型指令"><a href="#2-5-U型指令" class="headerlink" title="2.5 U型指令"></a>2.5 U型指令</h3></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>x10中写入0xDEADBEEF<ul>
<li>LUI x10 , 0xDEADC</li>
<li>ADDI x10 , x10 , 0xEEF</li>
<li>等效于 li x10 , 0xDEADBEEF</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Lable:AUIPC x10,0<ul>
<li>将Lable地址值保存到x10中</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-6-J型指令"><a href="#2-6-J型指令" class="headerlink" title="2.6 J型指令"></a>2.6 J型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/J%E5%9E%8B%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/jalr.png" title="图片"><h2 id="3-数据通路"><a href="#3-数据通路" class="headerlink" title="3. 数据通路"></a>3. 数据通路</h2><h3 id="3-1-基本单元模块"><a href="#3-1-基本单元模块" class="headerlink" title="3.1 基本单元模块"></a>3.1 基本单元模块</h3></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>取指</li>
<li>译码</li>
<li>算术运算</li>
<li>访存</li>
<li>写回寄存器</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="3-2-R型指令"><a href="#3-2-R型指令" class="headerlink" title="3.2 R型指令"></a>3.2 R型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/R%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-3-加入I型指令"><a href="#3-3-加入I型指令" class="headerlink" title="3.3 加入I型指令"></a>3.3 加入I型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E5%9E%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%B3%E6%95%B0%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>添加访存装载<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/I%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%BF%E5%AD%98%E8%A3%85%E8%BD%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-4-加入S型指令"><a href="#3-4-加入S型指令" class="headerlink" title="3.4 加入S型指令"></a>3.4 加入S型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/S%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/S%E5%9E%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%B3%E6%95%B0%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-5-加入B型指令"><a href="#3-5-加入B型指令" class="headerlink" title="3.5 加入B型指令"></a>3.5 加入B型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83.png" title="图片"></li>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%B3%E6%95%B0.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>添加jalr指令<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/B%E5%9E%8Bjalr.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>添加jal指令</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-6-加入U型指令"><a href="#3-6-加入U型指令" class="headerlink" title="3.6 加入U型指令"></a>3.6 加入U型指令</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/U%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4-控制器"><a href="#4-控制器" class="headerlink" title="4. 控制器"></a>4. 控制器</h2><h3 id="4-1-控制信号"><a href="#4-1-控制信号" class="headerlink" title="4.1 控制信号"></a>4.1 控制信号</h3><ul>
<li>add<br><img src="/images/RISCV/add%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>sw<br><img src="/images/RISCV/sw%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>beq<br><img src="/images/RISCV/beq%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="4-2-实现"><a href="#4-2-实现" class="headerlink" title="4.2 实现"></a>4.2 实现</h3><ul>
<li>真值表<ul>
<li><img src="/images/RISCV/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8%E7%9C%9F%E5%80%BC%E8%A1%A8.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="5-流水线"><a href="#5-流水线" class="headerlink" title="5. 流水线"></a>5. 流水线</h2><h3 id="5-1-设计"><a href="#5-1-设计" class="headerlink" title="5.1 设计"></a>5.1 设计</h3><h3 id="5-2-结构冒险"><a href="#5-2-结构冒险" class="headerlink" title="5.2 结构冒险"></a>5.2 结构冒险</h3>]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>NLP自然语言处理</title>
<url>/2021/07/29/NLP%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h2 id="1-神经网络"><a href="#1-神经网络" class="headerlink" title="1. 神经网络"></a>1. 神经网络</h2><span id="more"></span>
<h3 id="1-1-神经元"><a href="#1-1-神经元" class="headerlink" title="1.1 神经元"></a>1.1 神经元</h3><p><img src="/images/NLP%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%83.png"></p>
<ol>
<li>a1,a2,…,an 为各个输入的分量</li>
<li>w1,w2,…,wn 为各个输入分量对应的权重参数</li>
<li>b 为偏置</li>
<li>f为<strong>激活函数</strong>,常见的激活函数有tanh,sigmoid,relu</li>
<li>t 为神经元的输出</li>
<li>公式表示: t = f(W^TA+b)</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="1-2-单层神经网络"><a href="#1-2-单层神经网络" class="headerlink" title="1.2 单层神经网络"></a>1.2 单层神经网络</h3><p><img src="/images/NLP%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86/%E5%8D%95%E5%B1%82%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C.png"></p>
<h3 id="1-3-感知机"><a href="#1-3-感知机" class="headerlink" title="1.3 感知机"></a>1.3 感知机</h3><ul>
<li>由两层神经网络组成<br><img src="/images/NLP%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E6%9C%BA.png"></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-4-多层神经网络"><a href="#1-4-多层神经网络" class="headerlink" title="1.4 多层神经网络"></a>1.4 多层神经网络</h3><ul>
<li>输入层</li>
<li>输出层</li>
<li>隐层</li>
<li>全连接层<br><img src="/images/NLP%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%82%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C.png"></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-5-激活函数"><a href="#1-5-激活函数" class="headerlink" title="1.5 激活函数"></a>1.5 激活函数</h3><ul>
<li><p>作用</p>
<ol>
<li>增加模型的非线性分割能力</li>
<li>提供模型的稳健性</li>
<li>缓解梯度消失</li>
<li>加速模型的收敛</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>常见的激活函数<br><img src="/images/NLP%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86/%E6%BF%80%E6%B4%BB%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B05.png"></p>
</li>
<li><p>sigmoid 只会输出正数,以及靠近0的输出变化率最大</p>
</li>
<li><p>tanh和sigmoid不同的是,tanh输出可以是负数</p>
</li>
<li><p>Relu是输入只能大于0,如果你输入含有负数,Relu就不适合,如果你的输入是图片格式,Relu就挺常用的,因为图片的像素值作为输入时取值为[0,255]。</p>
<h2 id="2-pytorch"><a href="#2-pytorch" class="headerlink" title="2. pytorch"></a>2. pytorch</h2></li>
<li><p>安装:<a href="https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/">https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>安装:jupyter notebook</p>
<h3 id="2-1-Tensor"><a href="#2-1-Tensor" class="headerlink" title="2.1 Tensor"></a>2.1 Tensor</h3></li>
<li><p>各种数值数据称为张量</p>
</li>
<li><p>常数:scaler:0阶张量</p>
</li>
<li><p>向量:vector:1阶张量</p>
</li>
<li><p>矩阵:matrix:2阶张量</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-2-创建张量"><a href="#2-2-创建张量" class="headerlink" title="2.2 创建张量"></a>2.2 创建张量</h3><ol>
<li><p>python列表或序列</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">torch.tensor([[<span class="number">1.</span>, -<span class="number">1.</span>], [<span class="number">1.</span>, -<span class="number">1.</span>]])</span><br><span class="line">tensor([[ <span class="number">1.0000</span>, -<span class="number">1.0000</span>],</span><br><span class="line"> [ <span class="number">1.0000</span>, -<span class="number">1.0000</span>]])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>numpy中的数组</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">torch.tensor(np.array([[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>], [<span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>]]))</span><br><span class="line">tensor([[ <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>],</span><br><span class="line"> [ <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>]])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>torch的api</p>
<ol>
<li><p><code>torch.empty(3,4)</code>创建3行4列的空的tensor,会用无用数据进行填充</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>torch.ones([3,4])</code> 创建3行4列的<strong>全为1</strong>的tensor</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>torch.zeros([3,4])</code>创建3行4列的<strong>全为0</strong>的tensor</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>torch.rand([3,4])</code> 创建3行4列的<strong>随机值</strong>的tensor,随机值的区间是<code>[0, 1)</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>torch.randint(low=0,high=10,size=[3,4])</code> 创建3行4列的<strong>随机整数</strong>的tensor,随机值的区间是<code>[low, high)</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>torch.randn([3,4])</code> 创建3行4列的<strong>随机数</strong>的tensor,随机值的分布式均值为0,方差为1</p>
<h3 id="2-3-Pytorch中tensor的常用方法"><a href="#2-3-Pytorch中tensor的常用方法" class="headerlink" title="2.3 Pytorch中tensor的常用方法"></a>2.3 Pytorch中tensor的常用方法</h3></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>获取tensor中的数据(当tensor中只有一个元素可用):<code>tensor对象.item()</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>转化为numpy数组:<code>tensor对象.numpy()</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>获取形状:<code>tensor.size()</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>获取阶数:<code>tensor.dim()</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>形状改变:<code>tensor.view((3,4))</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>获取最大值:<code>tensor.max()</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>转置:<code>tensor.t()</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>SpinalHDL</title>
<url>/2021/07/22/SpinalHDL/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h2 id="1-数据类型"><a href="#1-数据类型" class="headerlink" title="1. 数据类型"></a>1. 数据类型</h2><ul>
<li>基本类型<span id="more"></span>
<ol>
<li>Bool <!-- - 声明:val myB = Bool()
- 操作
- 逻辑
- 与、或、非、异或
- .set()、.clear()
- .setWhen()、.clearWhen()
- .riseWhen、.fallWhen()
- 边缘:edge()、rise()、fall()、edges()
- 比较
- 类型转换
- 拼接 --></li>
<li>Bits</li>
<li>UInt</li>
<li>SInt</li>
<li>Enum</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>复合类型 <ol>
<li>Bundle</li>
<li>Vec</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-构建"><a href="#2-构建" class="headerlink" title="2. 构建"></a>2. 构建</h2><h3 id="2-1-组件和层次结构"><a href="#2-1-组件和层次结构" class="headerlink" title="2.1 组件和层次结构"></a>2.1 组件和层次结构</h3><ul>
<li><p>输入输出定义</p>
<ul>
<li>in Bool() / out Bool()</li>
<li>in/out Bits/UInt/SInt[(x bit)]</li>
<li>in/out(T)</li>
<li>master/slave(T)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>修剪信号</p>
<ul>
<li>显示无用信号:SpinalVerilog(*).printPruned()</li>
<li>RTL中保留修剪信号:信号.keep()</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>参数化组件</p>
<ul>
<li>通过类传递位宽或配置类</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>综合后组件名称</p>
<ul>
<li>setName</li>
<li>getName</li>
<li>setPartialName</li>
<li>getPartialName</li>
<li>setDefinitionName</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-3-Area"><a href="#2-3-Area" class="headerlink" title="2.3 Area"></a>2.3 Area</h3><ul>
<li><p>格式</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// 定义一些逻辑</span><br><span class="line">val timer = new Area {</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-4-函数"><a href="#2-4-函数" class="headerlink" title="2.4 函数"></a>2.4 函数</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// Input RGB color</span><br><span class="line">val r, g, b = UInt(8 bits)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// Define a function to multiply a UInt by a Scala Float value.</span><br><span class="line">def coef(value: UInt, by: Float): UInt = (value * U((255 * by).toInt, 8 bits) >> 8)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// Calculate the gray level</span><br><span class="line">val gray = coef(r, 0.3f) + coef(g, 0.4f) + coef(b, 0.3f)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-5-时钟域"><a href="#2-5-时钟域" class="headerlink" title="2.5 时钟域"></a>2.5 时钟域</h3><h4 id="①-实例"><a href="#①-实例" class="headerlink" title="① 实例"></a>① 实例</h4></li>
<li><p>时钟域语法</p>
<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">ClockDomain</span>(</span><br><span class="line"> clock: <span class="type">Bool</span></span><br><span class="line"> [,reset: <span class="type">Bool</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> [,softReset: <span class="type">Bool</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> [,clockEnable: <span class="type">Bool</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> [,frequency: <span class="type">IClockDomainFrequency</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> [,config: <span class="type">ClockDomainConfig</span>]</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">参数</th>
<th align="center">描述</th>
<th align="center">默认</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">clock</td>
<td align="center">是否定义时钟信号</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">reset</td>
<td align="center">复位信号,若存在需要复位的寄存器而时钟域未提供则会报错</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">softReset</td>
<td align="center">同步复位</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">clockEnable</td>
<td align="center">禁用整个时钟域上的时钟</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">frequency</td>
<td align="center">指定时钟频率</td>
<td align="center">UnknownFrequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">config</td>
<td align="center">指定信号的极性和复位性质</td>
<td align="center">当前的配置</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li><p>通过ClockDomainConfig配置ClockDomain</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// 以下也为时钟域的默认设置</span><br><span class="line">val defaultCC = ClockDomainConfig(</span><br><span class="line"> clockEdge = RISING,</span><br><span class="line"> resetKind = ASYNC,</span><br><span class="line"> resetActiveLevel = HIGH</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">属性</th>
<th align="center">有效值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">clockEdge</td>
<td align="center">RISING, FALLING</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">resetKind</td>
<td align="center">ASYNC,SYNC,BOOT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">resetActiveLevel</td>
<td align="center">HIGH, LOW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">softResetActiveLevel</td>
<td align="center">HIGH, LOW</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">clockEnableActiveLevel</td>
<td align="center">HIGH, LOW</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li><p>内部时钟</p>
<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">ClockDomain</span>.internal(</span><br><span class="line"> name: <span class="type">String</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> [config: <span class="type">ClockDomainConfig</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [withReset: <span class="type">Boolean</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [withSoftReset: <span class="type">Boolean</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [withClockEnable: <span class="type">Boolean</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [frequency: <span class="type">IClockDomainFrequency</span>]</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">参数</th>
<th align="center">描述</th>
<th align="center">默认</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">name</td>
<td align="center">时钟和复位信号的名称</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">config</td>
<td align="center">指定信号的极性和复位的性质</td>
<td align="center">当前配置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">withReset</td>
<td align="center">复位信号</td>
<td align="center">true</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">withSoftReset</td>
<td align="center">软复位信号</td>
<td align="center">false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">withClockEnable</td>
<td align="center">添加时钟使能</td>
<td align="center">false</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">frequency</td>
<td align="center">时钟频率</td>
<td align="center">未知频率</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p>外部时钟</p>
<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">ClockDomain</span>.external(</span><br><span class="line"> name: <span class="type">String</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> [config: <span class="type">ClockDomainConfig</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [withReset: <span class="type">Boolean</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [withSoftReset: <span class="type">Boolean</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [withClockEnable: <span class="type">Boolean</span>,]</span><br><span class="line"> [frequency: <span class="type">IClockDomainFrequency</span>]</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>获取当前时钟信息ClockDomain.current</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="②跨时钟域"><a href="#②跨时钟域" class="headerlink" title="②跨时钟域"></a>②跨时钟域</h4><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">val area_clkA = new ClockingArea(ClockDomain(io.clkA,io.rstA)) {</span><br><span class="line"> val reg = RegNext(io.dataIn) init(False)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 2 register stages to avoid metastability issues</span><br><span class="line">val area_clkB = new ClockingArea(ClockDomain(io.clkB,io.rstB)) {</span><br><span class="line"> val buf0 = RegNext(area_clkA.reg) init(False) addTag(crossClockDomain)//获取了area_clkA时钟域中的信号</span><br><span class="line"> val buf1 = RegNext(buf0) init(False)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="③-特殊的时钟区域"><a href="#③-特殊的时钟区域" class="headerlink" title="③ 特殊的时钟区域"></a>③ 特殊的时钟区域</h3><ul>
<li>slow area<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Slow the current clockDomain by 4 : 25 MHz</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> areaDiv4 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">SlowArea</span>(<span class="number">4</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> counter = out(<span class="type">CounterFreeRun</span>(<span class="number">16</span>).value)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Slow the current clockDomain to 50MHz</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> area50Mhz = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">SlowArea</span>(<span class="number">50</span> <span class="type">MHz</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> counter = out(<span class="type">CounterFreeRun</span>(<span class="number">16</span>).value)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>ResetArea<ul>
<li>ResetArea 用于创建一个新的时钟域区域,其中一个特殊的复位信号与当前时钟域复位相结合<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TopLevel</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Component</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> specialReset = <span class="type">Bool</span>()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// The reset of this area is done with the specialReset signal</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> areaRst_1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">ResetArea</span>(specialReset, <span class="literal">false</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> counter = out(<span class="type">CounterFreeRun</span>(<span class="number">16</span>).value)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// The reset of this area is a combination between the current reset and the specialReset</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> areaRst_2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">ResetArea</span>(specialReset, <span class="literal">true</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> counter = out(<span class="type">CounterFreeRun</span>(<span class="number">16</span>).value)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>ClockEnableArea<ul>
<li>ClockEnableArea 用于在当前时钟域中添加额外的时钟使能:<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TopLevel</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Component</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> clockEnable = <span class="type">Bool</span>()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Add a clock enable for this area</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> area_1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">ClockEnableArea</span>(clockEnable) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> counter = out(<span class="type">CounterFreeRun</span>(<span class="number">16</span>).value)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-6-verilog-实例化"><a href="#2-6-verilog-实例化" class="headerlink" title="2.6 verilog 实例化"></a>2.6 verilog 实例化</h3><ul>
<li>黑盒<ul>
<li>黑盒允许用户通过指定其接口将现有的 VHDL/Verilog 组件集成到设计中。 由模拟器或合成器来正确地进行细化。</li>
<li>定义:class 名字 extend BlackBox</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>泛型<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Ram</span>(<span class="params">wordWidth: <span class="type">Int</span>, wordCount: <span class="type">Int</span></span>) <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">BlackBox</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> addGeneric(<span class="string">"wordCount"</span>, wordCount)</span><br><span class="line"> addGeneric(<span class="string">"wordWidth"</span>, wordWidth)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// OR</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> generic = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Generic</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> wordCount = <span class="type">Ram</span>.<span class="keyword">this</span>.wordCount</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> wordWidth = <span class="type">Ram</span>.<span class="keyword">this</span>.wordWidth</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>实例化黑盒<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 实例化黑盒</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> ram = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Ram_1w_1r</span>(<span class="number">8</span>,<span class="number">16</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 连接所有的信号</span></span><br><span class="line"> io.wr.en <> ram.io.wr.en</span><br><span class="line"> io.wr.addr <> ram.io.wr.addr</span><br><span class="line"> io.wr.data <> ram.io.wr.data</span><br><span class="line"> io.rd.en <> ram.io.rd.en</span><br><span class="line"> io.rd.addr <> ram.io.rd.addr</span><br><span class="line"> io.rd.data <> ram.io.rd.data</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>时钟和重置映射<ul>
<li>使用mapCurrentClockDomain和mapClockDomain函数</li>
<li>mapClockDomain参数列表<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">名称</th>
<th align="center">类型</th>
<th align="center">默认</th>
<th align="center">描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">clockDomain</td>
<td align="center">ClockDomain</td>
<td align="center">ClockDomain.current</td>
<td align="center">指定提供信号的时钟</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">clock</td>
<td align="center">Bool</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
<td align="center">连接到时钟clock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">reset</td>
<td align="center">Bool</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
<td align="center">连接到时钟reset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">enable</td>
<td align="center">Bool</td>
<td align="center">无</td>
<td align="center">连接到时钟enable</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li>例子<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyRam</span>(<span class="params">clkDomain: <span class="type">ClockDomain</span></span>) <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">BlackBox</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> io = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Bundle</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> clkA = in <span class="type">Bool</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> clkB = in <span class="type">Bool</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Clock A is map on a specific clock Domain</span></span><br><span class="line"> mapClockDomain(clkDomain, io.clkA)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Clock B is map on the current clock domain</span></span><br><span class="line"> mapCurrentClockDomain(io.clkB)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>io 前缀<ul>
<li>noIoPrefix()函数可以消除io前缀</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>重命名黑盒所有io<ul>
<li>addPrePopTask(() => renameIO())当黑盒被创建后执行renameIo方法</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>添加rtl资源<ul>
<li>addRTLPath(“./rtl/RegisterBank.v”) - 在组件内部 </li>
<li>report.mergeRTLSource(“mergeRTL”) -report为SpinalVerilog对象</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>VHDL-无数字类型</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-7-保留名"><a href="#2-7-保留名" class="headerlink" title="2.7 保留名"></a>2.7 保留名</h3><ul>
<li>可命名的基础类<ul>
<li>Component</li>
<li>Area</li>
<li>Data</li>
<li>例子<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyComponent</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Component</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> a, b, c, d = <span class="type">Bool</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> b.setName(<span class="string">"rawrr"</span>) <span class="comment">// 强制命名</span></span><br><span class="line"> c.setName(<span class="string">"rawrr"</span>, weak = <span class="literal">true</span>) <span class="comment">// 提出命名,若这个强制命名的名称已被使用则此命名不会生效</span></span><br><span class="line"> d.setCompositeName(b, postfix = <span class="string">"wuff"</span>) <span class="comment">// 等效于 b.getName() + _wuff"</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>从scala中提取名称<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//spinal.idslplugin.ValCallback is the Scala compiler plugin feature which will provide the callbacks</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Component</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">spinal</span>.<span class="title">idslplugin</span>.<span class="title">ValCallback</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">override</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">valCallback</span></span>[<span class="type">T</span>](ref: <span class="type">T</span>, name: <span class="type">String</span>) : <span class="type">T</span> = {</span><br><span class="line"> println(<span class="string">s"Got <span class="subst">$ref</span> named <span class="subst">$name</span>"</span>) <span class="comment">// Here we just print what we got as a demo.</span></span><br><span class="line"> ref</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">UInt</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Bits</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MyComponent</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Component</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> two = <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> wuff = <span class="string">"miaou"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> toto = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">UInt</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> rawrr = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Bits</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">object</span> <span class="title">Debug3</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">App</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">MyComponent</span>()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// ^ This will print :</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Got 2 named two</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Got miaou named wuff</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Got spinal.tester.code.sandbox.UInt@691a7f8f named toto</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Got spinal.tester.code.sandbox.Bits@161b062a named rawrr</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>组件中的Area<ul>
<li>val logic = new Area{} 内部的变量都是logic_前缀</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>函数中的Area<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">isZero</span></span>(value: <span class="type">UInt</span>) = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Area</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> comparator = value === <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>函数中的Composite<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">isZero</span></span>(value: <span class="type">UInt</span>) = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">Composite</span>(value) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> comparator = value === <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line">}.comparator </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>Composite chains 将Composite函数嵌套使用</li>
<li>Composite in a Bundle’s function 不会</li>
<li>未命名信号处理<ul>
<li><em>zz</em> + drivenSignal.getName()</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-语义"><a href="#3-语义" class="headerlink" title="3. 语义"></a>3. 语义</h2><h3 id="3-1-赋值"><a href="#3-1-赋值" class="headerlink" title="3.1 赋值"></a>3.1 赋值</h3><ul>
<li>符号<ul>
<li>:= 等价于 <=</li>
<li>= 等价于 =</li>
<li> <> 信号连接</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>宽度检测<ul>
<li>x := y.resized</li>
<li>x := y.resize(newWidth)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-2-When-Switch-Mux"><a href="#3-2-When-Switch-Mux" class="headerlink" title="3.2 When/Switch/Mux"></a>3.2 When/Switch/Mux</h3><ul>
<li><p>when</p>
<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">when(cond1) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Execute when cond1 is true</span></span><br><span class="line">}.elsewhen(cond2) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Execute when (not cond1) and cond2</span></span><br><span class="line">}.otherwise {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Execute when (not cond1) and (not cond2)</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>switch</p>
<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">switch(x) {</span><br><span class="line"> is(value1) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Execute when x === value1</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> is(value2) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Execute when x === value2</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">default</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Execute if none of precedent conditions met</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>Mux</p>
<ul>
<li>Mux(cond,whenTrue,whenFalse)</li>
<li>cond ? whenTrue|whenFalse</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>bitwise(选择器)</p>
<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> bitwiseSelect = <span class="type">UInt</span>(<span class="number">2</span> bits)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> bitwiseResult = bitwiseSelect.mux(</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 两位有三种情况</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">0</span> -> (io.src0 & io.src1),</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">1</span> -> (io.src0 | io.src1),</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">2</span> -> (io.src0 ^ io.src1),</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">default</span> -> (io.src0)</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line">===================</span><br><span class="line">muxLists(...)不会</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> sel = <span class="type">UInt</span>(<span class="number">2</span> bits)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> data = <span class="type">Bits</span>(<span class="number">128</span> bits)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Dividing a wide Bits type into smaller chunks, using a mux:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> dataWord = sel.muxList(<span class="keyword">for</span> (index <- <span class="number">0</span> until <span class="number">4</span>) <span class="keyword">yield</span> (index, data(index*<span class="number">32</span>+<span class="number">32</span><span class="number">-1</span> downto index*<span class="number">32</span>)))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// A shorter way to do the same thing:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> dataWord = data.subdivideIn(<span class="number">32</span> bits)(sel)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-3-规则"><a href="#3-3-规则" class="headerlink" title="3.3 规则"></a>3.3 规则</h3><ul>
<li>并发<ul>
<li>分配信号的顺序对行为没有影响</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4-时序逻辑"><a href="#4-时序逻辑" class="headerlink" title="4. 时序逻辑"></a>4. 时序逻辑</h2><h3 id="4-1-寄存器"><a href="#4-1-寄存器" class="headerlink" title="4.1 寄存器"></a>4.1 寄存器</h3><ul>
<li><p>定义寄存器</p>
<ul>
<li>Reg(type:Data)</li>
<li>RegInit(ResetValue:Data)</li>
<li>RegNext(nextValue:Data)</li>
<li>RegNextWhen(nextValue:data,cond:Bool)</li>
<li><figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 无符号4比特寄存器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> reg1 = <span class="type">Reg</span>(<span class="type">UInt</span>(<span class="number">4</span> bit))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 每个周期获取reg1+1的值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> reg2 = <span class="type">RegNext</span>(reg1 + <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 4比特无符号寄存器,重置信号产生则重置为0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> reg3 = <span class="type">RegInit</span>(<span class="type">U</span><span class="string">"0000"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">reg3 := reg2</span><br><span class="line">when(reg2 === <span class="number">5</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> reg3 := <span class="number">0xF</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 当cond为真时获取reg3的值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> reg4 = <span class="type">RegNextWhen</span>(reg3, cond)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>重置</p>
<ul>
<li>调用init方法 val reg1 = Reg(UInt(4 bit)) init(0)</li>
<li>randBoot初始化随机数</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="4-2-RAM-ROM"><a href="#4-2-RAM-ROM" class="headerlink" title="4.2 RAM/ROM"></a>4.2 RAM/ROM</h3><ul>
<li>实例化<ul>
<li>创建RAM:Mem(type:Data,size:Int) </li>
<li>创建ROM:Mem(type:Data,initialContent : Array[Data])</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><h2 id="读写冲突策略"><a href="#读写冲突策略" class="headerlink" title="读写冲突策略"></a>读写冲突策略</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">种类</th>
<th align="center">描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">dontCare</td>
<td align="center">不关心读出的值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">readFirst</td>
<td align="center">读旧的数据</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">writeFirst</td>
<td align="center">读新的数据</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="5-设计报错"><a href="#5-设计报错" class="headerlink" title="5.设计报错"></a>5.设计报错</h2>]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>dsp</title>
<url>/2021/09/30/dsp/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h1 id="1-安装"><a href="#1-安装" class="headerlink" title="1. 安装"></a>1. 安装</h1><ul>
<li><a href="https://software-dl.ti.com/ccs/esd/documents/ccs_downloads.html">https://software-dl.ti.com/ccs/esd/documents/ccs_downloads.html</a></li>
</ul>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ip核</title>
<url>/2021/09/11/ip%E6%A0%B8/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h1 id="1-RAM"><a href="#1-RAM" class="headerlink" title="1. RAM"></a>1. RAM</h1><ul>
<li>RAM(Random Access Memory)随机访问存储器<ul>
<li>SRAM</li>
<li>DRAM</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>单端口ram </li>
<li>伪双端口</li>
<li>真双端口</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="2-FIFO"><a href="#2-FIFO" class="headerlink" title="2. FIFO"></a>2. FIFO</h1>]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>pytorch</title>
<url>/2021/09/07/pytorch/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h2 id="1-anaconda"><a href="#1-anaconda" class="headerlink" title="1. anaconda"></a>1. anaconda</h2><span id="more"></span>
<h3 id="1-1-安装"><a href="#1-1-安装" class="headerlink" title="1.1 安装"></a>1.1 安装</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual">https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual</a></li>
<li>检查gpu是否支持cuda:<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/zh-cn/cuda-gpus">https://developer.nvidia.com/zh-cn/cuda-gpus</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p>命令</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:: 查看版本</span><br><span class="line">conda --version</span><br><span class="line">:: 查看所有可安装包</span><br><span class="line">conda list</span><br><span class="line">:: 查看安装的环境</span><br><span class="line">conda info --envs</span><br><span class="line">::搜索包版本</span><br><span class="line">conda search --full-name python</span><br><span class="line">::安装包</span><br><span class="line">conda install tensorflow=1.13.1</span><br><span class="line">::检查更新当前conda</span><br><span class="line">conda update conda </span><br><span class="line">::创建虚拟环境</span><br><span class="line">conda create -n your_env_name python=X.X </span><br><span class="line">::激活虚拟环境</span><br><span class="line">windows: activate your_env_name</span><br><span class="line">linux: source activate your_env_name</span><br><span class="line">:: 关闭虚拟环境</span><br><span class="line">windows:conda deactivate</span><br><span class="line">linux: source deactivate</span><br><span class="line">:: 删除虚拟环境</span><br><span class="line">conda remove -n your_env_name(虚拟环境名称) --all</span><br><span class="line">:: 删除环境中某个包</span><br><span class="line">conda remove --name your_env_name package_name</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">:: 切回默认源</span><br><span class="line">conda config --remove-key channels</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>安装cuda<br><a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>安装pytorch<br><a href="https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/">https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/</a></p>
<ul>
<li>检测<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> torch</span><br><span class="line">torch.cuda.is_available()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>非base环境安装jupyter</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">conda install nb_conda</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ppt</title>
<url>/2021/08/04/ppt/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h1 id="1-字体"><a href="#1-字体" class="headerlink" title="1. 字体"></a>1. 字体</h1><span id="more"></span>
<ul>
<li><p>分类</p>
<ul>
<li>宋体</li>
<li>黑体</li>
<li>楷体</li>
<li>其他</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>气质</p>
<ul>
<li>粗狂 <ul>
<li>标题封面 </li>
<li>微软雅黑加粗</li>
<li>造字工房力黑</li>
<li>汉仪综艺体简</li>
<li>叶根友刀锋黑草</li>
<li>方正超粗黑</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>优雅<ul>
<li>微软雅黑light</li>
<li>方正兰亭超细黑简体</li>
<li>思源黑体CN Light</li>
<li>方正幼线简体</li>
<li>造字工房悦黑体验版纤细体</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>古风<ul>
<li>楷体</li>
<li>宋体</li>
<li>中山行书百年纪念版</li>
<li>方正小标宋——GBK</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>可爱<ul>
<li>方正少儿简体</li>
<li>华康少女文字</li>
<li>华康娃娃体</li>
<li>造字工房情书</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>安装</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://font.chinaz.com/">https://font.chinaz.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://fonts.mobanwang.com/">http://fonts.mobanwang.com/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.qiuziti.com/">www.qiuziti.com</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>修饰</p>
<ol>
<li>外边框修饰</li>
<li>图文结合</li>
<li>文字镂空<ul>
<li>插入图片,插入文字,文字居中</li>
<li>用矩形铺满画布并用黑色填充</li>
<li>右键设置形状格式,填充设置透明度</li>
<li>选住矩形框和文字</li>
<li>点击格式中的剪除</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>强调</li>
<li>形象化</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>word型</p>
<ul>
<li>分段</li>
<li>提炼关键字</li>
<li>配色</li>
<li>加图标</li>
<li>修改版面</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>其他 </p>
<ul>
<li>拆分字</li>
<li>线框字<ul>
<li>=lorem() 自动生产英文</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>层叠字</li>
<li>渐变字</li>
<li>倒影字</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="2-形状"><a href="#2-形状" class="headerlink" title="2. 形状"></a>2. 形状</h1><ul>
<li>辅助表达<ul>
<li>流程</li>
<li>衬托文字</li>
<li>图标</li>
<li>分割<!-- 1. ctrl+M 新建幻灯片</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>ppt字体选择</p>
<ul>
<li>商务报告:黑体</li>
<li>广告宣传:粗黑硬,有力量感的字体</li>
<li>发布会:纤细字体(思源黑体),显得高端优雅 </li>
<li>教学课件:宋体楷体</li>
<li>印刷阅读: 黑体 –></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>文字高大上</p>
</li>
<li><p>求字体网</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.qiuziti.com/">www.qiuziti.com</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>做海报</p>
<ul>
<li>设计->幻灯片大小设置->自定义A4</li>
<li>插入图片裁剪</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>拆分字</p>
<ul>
<li>选中矩形和文字 选择拆分</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>线框字</p>
<ul>
<li>=lorem() 自动生产英文</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>层叠字</p>
</li>
<li><p>渐变字</p>
</li>
<li><p>倒影字</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="2"><a href="#2" class="headerlink" title="2"></a>2</h1><ol>
<li>合并形状</li>
<li>编辑顶点</li>
<li>强化表达</li>
<li>分割内容区域</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="3"><a href="#3" class="headerlink" title="3"></a>3</h1><ol>
<li><p>粒子,星辰,地球,星空</p>
</li>
<li><p>四原则</p>
<ul>
<li>对齐</li>
<li>对比</li>
<li>靠近</li>
<li>重复</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>排版</p>
<ul>
<li>行间距 1.5</li>
<li>字间距 1.3</li>
<li>左右边距</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>版面框架</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>配色<ul>
<li>主题色</li>
<li>辅助色(黑白)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>框架<ul>
<li>居中型</li>
<li>杂志</li>
<li>分割</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ol start="5">
<li>表格</li>
</ol>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>scala</title>
<url>/2021/07/20/scala/</url>
<content><![CDATA[<h2 id="1-安装"><a href="#1-安装" class="headerlink" title="1. 安装"></a>1. 安装</h2><ul>
<li>jdk:<a href="https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html">https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html</a><span id="more"></span>
<a href="https://www.scala-lang.org/download/">https://www.scala-lang.org/download/</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-基础知识"><a href="#2-基础知识" class="headerlink" title="2. 基础知识"></a>2. 基础知识</h2><h3 id="2-1基本数据类型和变量"><a href="#2-1基本数据类型和变量" class="headerlink" title="2.1基本数据类型和变量"></a>2.1基本数据类型和变量</h3><ul>
<li><img src="/images/scala/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4.png" title="图片"></li>
<li>字面量<ul>
<li><img src="/images/scala/%E5%AD%97%E9%9D%A2%E9%87%8F.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>变量<ul>
<li>val 变量名:数据类型 = 初始值</li>
<li>var 变量名:数据类型 = 初始值 </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-2-输入输出"><a href="#2-2-输入输出" class="headerlink" title="2.2 输入输出"></a>2.2 输入输出</h3><ul>
<li>输入<ul>
<li><img src="/images/scala/%E4%BB%8E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E8%AF%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95.png" title="图片"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>输出<ul>
<li>print</li>
<li>println</li>
<li>printf</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>字符串插值机制<ul>
<li>s<ul>
<li>$x,替换变量x的值</li>
<li>println(s”s=$s”)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>f<ul>
<li>$x,替换变量x的值并可以进行格式控制</li>
<li>println(f”f=$f%.1lf”)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>写文件<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.io.<span class="type">PrintWriter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">val</span> outputFile = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="type">PrintWriter</span>(<span class="string">"lx.txt"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">outputFile.println(<span class="string">"hellow world"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">outputFile.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>读文件<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> scala.io.<span class="type">Source</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> inputFile = <span class="type">Source</span>.fromFile(<span class="string">"lx.txt"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">val</span> lines = inputFile.getLines</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(line<-lines)println(line)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-3-控制结构"><a href="#2-3-控制结构" class="headerlink" title="2.3 控制结构"></a>2.3 控制结构</h3><ol>
<li>if else<ul>
<li>可以赋值</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>while</li>
<li>for循环:for(变量<-表达式 if条件表达式){语句}<ul>
<li>for(i<- 1 to 5 by 2)</li>
<li>for(i<- 1 to 5 if i%2 == 0)</li>
<li>多个生成器用;隔开</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>for推导式:for(变量<-表达式 ) yield {语句}<ul>
<li>条件复合将变量的值返回出去</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>异常处理<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">try</span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}<span class="keyword">catch</span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> ex:<span class="type">FileNotFoundException</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> ex:<span class="type">IOException</span></span><br><span class="line">}<span class="keyword">finally</span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li>循环控制<figure class="highlight scala"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> util.control.<span class="type">Breaks</span>._</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//break</span></span><br><span class="line">breakable{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(i<-arrya)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(条件)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//continue</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(i<-array){</span><br><span class="line"> breakable{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(条件)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="2-4-数据结构"><a href="#2-4-数据结构" class="headerlink" title="2.4 数据结构"></a>2.4 数据结构</h3><ol>
<li>数组Array<ul>
<li>val arr = new Array<a href="3">Int</a></li>
<li>val arr = Array(1,2,3)</li>
<li>arr(0)=1</li>
<li>多维<ul>
<li>val arr = Array.ofDim<a href="3,4">Int</a> -三行四列</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>元组Tuple<ul>
<li>val tuple = (“1”,2)</li>
<li>输出println(tuple._1)</li>
</ul>