diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
index 0ea268bcec7ece..3a8a34051eaa9d 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
@@ -1929,6 +1929,15 @@ Module._extensions['.js'] = function(module, filename) {
     } else {
       format = 'typescript';
     }
+  } else if (path.extname(filename) === '') {
+    // Extensionless files skip the .js suffix check above. When type is explicit,
+    // follow it so ESM syntax surfaces as SyntaxError for commonjs instead of
+    // silently delegating to ESM.
+    pkg = packageJsonReader.getNearestParentPackageJSON(filename);
+    const typeFromPjson = pkg?.data?.type;
+    if (typeFromPjson === 'commonjs' || typeFromPjson === 'module') {
+      format = typeFromPjson;
+    }
   }
   const { source, format: loadedFormat } = loadSource(module, filename, format);
   // Function require shouldn't be used in ES modules when require(esm) is disabled.
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-extensionless-esm-type-commonjs.js b/test/es-module/test-extensionless-esm-type-commonjs.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0f171a82a430c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/es-module/test-extensionless-esm-type-commonjs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const path = require('node:path');
+const { spawnSyncAndAssert } = require('../common/child_process');
+const tmpdir = require('../common/tmpdir');
+
+tmpdir.refresh();
+
+const commonjsDir = tmpdir.resolve('extensionless-esm-commonjs');
+fs.mkdirSync(commonjsDir, { recursive: true });
+
+// package.json with type: commonjs
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  path.join(commonjsDir, 'package.json'),
+  '{\n  "type": "commonjs"\n}\n',
+  'utf8'
+);
+
+// Extensionless executable with shebang + ESM syntax.
+// NOTE: Execute via process.execPath to avoid PATH/env differences.
+const commonjsScriptPath = path.join(commonjsDir, 'script'); // no extension
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  commonjsScriptPath,
+  '#!/usr/bin/env node\n' +
+    "console.log('script STARTED')\n" +
+    "import { version } from 'node:process'\n" +
+    'console.log(version)\n',
+  'utf8'
+);
+fs.chmodSync(commonjsScriptPath, 0o755);
+
+spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, ['./script'], {
+  cwd: commonjsDir,
+  encoding: 'utf8',
+}, {
+  status: 1,
+  stderr: /.+/,
+  trim: true,
+});
+
+const moduleDir = tmpdir.resolve('extensionless-esm-module');
+fs.mkdirSync(moduleDir, { recursive: true });
+
+// package.json with type: module
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  path.join(moduleDir, 'package.json'),
+  '{\n  "type": "module"\n}\n',
+  'utf8'
+);
+
+const moduleScriptPath = path.join(moduleDir, 'script'); // no extension
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  moduleScriptPath,
+  '#!/usr/bin/env node\n' +
+    "console.log('script STARTED')\n" +
+    "import { version } from 'node:process'\n" +
+    'console.log(version)\n',
+  'utf8'
+);
+fs.chmodSync(moduleScriptPath, 0o755);
+
+spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, ['./script'], {
+  cwd: moduleDir,
+  encoding: 'utf8',
+}, {
+  stdout: /script STARTED[\s\S]*v\d+\./,
+  trim: true,
+});