diff --git a/common/changes/@microsoft/rush/pnpm-virtual-store-dir-max-length-fix_2025-06-03-18-27.json b/common/changes/@microsoft/rush/pnpm-virtual-store-dir-max-length-fix_2025-06-03-18-27.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d96367d6b83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/changes/@microsoft/rush/pnpm-virtual-store-dir-max-length-fix_2025-06-03-18-27.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@microsoft/rush",
+      "comment": "Add Linux/MacOS support for new 'virtual-store-dir-max-length'",
+      "type": "none"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@microsoft/rush"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libraries/rush-lib/src/logic/pnpm/PnpmLinkManager.ts b/libraries/rush-lib/src/logic/pnpm/PnpmLinkManager.ts
index a40604d4b60..a0b1466ee48 100644
--- a/libraries/rush-lib/src/logic/pnpm/PnpmLinkManager.ts
+++ b/libraries/rush-lib/src/logic/pnpm/PnpmLinkManager.ts
@@ -325,9 +325,13 @@ export class PnpmLinkManager extends BaseLinkManager {
       const { depPathToFilename } = await import('@pnpm/dependency-path');
 
       // project@file+projects+presentation-integration-tests.tgz_jsdom@11.12.0
-      // The second parameter is max length of virtual store dir, for v10 default is 60 https://pnpm.io/next/npmrc#virtual-store-dir-max-length
+      // The second parameter is max length of virtual store dir,
+      // for v10 default is 120 on Linux/MacOS and 60 on Windows https://pnpm.io/next/settings#virtualstoredirmaxlength
       // TODO Read virtual-store-dir-max-length from .npmrc
-      const folderName: string = depPathToFilename(tempProjectDependencyKey, 60);
+      const folderName: string = depPathToFilename(
+        tempProjectDependencyKey,
+        process.platform === 'win32' ? 60 : 120
+      );
       return path.join(
         this._rushConfiguration.commonTempFolder,
         RushConstants.nodeModulesFolderName,
@@ -339,7 +343,7 @@ export class PnpmLinkManager extends BaseLinkManager {
       const { depPathToFilename } = await import('@pnpm/dependency-path-lockfile-pre-v10');
 
       // project@file+projects+presentation-integration-tests.tgz_jsdom@11.12.0
-      // The second parameter is max length of virtual store dir, for v9 default is 120 https://pnpm.io/next/npmrc#virtual-store-dir-max-length
+      // The second parameter is max length of virtual store dir, for v9 default is 120 https://pnpm.io/9.x/npmrc#virtual-store-dir-max-length
       // TODO Read virtual-store-dir-max-length from .npmrc
       const folderName: string = depPathToFilename(tempProjectDependencyKey, 120);
       return path.join(