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Install dependencies

Install build tools (skip if already installed):

$ sudo apt install build-essential

Note: this example assumes you are using a Debian-based Linux distro. If you are using some other system, it probably has a different package manager. The package names might also differ, so do a package search first.

Install GCC 4.9.4 dependencies:

$ sudo apt install libgmp-dev libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev crossbuild-essential-armhf

Download GCC 4.9.4 ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.4/gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz into your current directory

Compile GCC 4.9.4:

$ tar xf gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz
$ cd gcc-4.9.4
$ mkdir bld
$ cd bld
$ CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET='-g -O2 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__ARM_PCS_VFP' \
  $(pwd)/../configure --prefix=/usr \
  --target=arm-linux-unknown-gnueabihf \
  --enable-languages=c,c++
$ mv Makefile Makefile.old
$ sed 's/-D_GNU_SOURCE/-mfloat-abi=hard -D__ARM_PCS_VFP -D_GNU_SOURCE/' Makefile.old > Makefile
( This will patch the Makefile )
$ make
$ sudo make install
$ cd ..

Compiling the official stock kernel (new method)

Download the kernel from https://www.nokia.com/phones/en\_int/opensource.

Add Prima WLAN kernel module:

$ cd kernel/drivers/net/wireless
$ git clone https://gitlab.com/affenull2345/prima-wlan prima
$ echo 'obj-$(CONFIG_PRIMA_WLAN) += prima/' >> Makefile
$ echo 'source "drivers/net/wireless/prima/Kconfig"' >> Kconfig
$ cd ../../../..

Compile kernel:

$ cd kernel
$ cp kernel-config .config
$ make menuconfig ARCH=arm
  < add/remove some configuration options >
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-

The kernel zImage is located in arch/arm/boot/zImage-dtb. Since this is the official stock kernel and the configuration is based on /proc/config.gz on the phone, this kernel should work with KaiOS. Note that you have to replace the modules in /system/lib/modules if you want to use it with KaiOS.

Compiling the CodeAurora kernel (old default)

Download kernel:

$ git clone -b LF.BR.1.2.8 https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/kernel/msm-3.10 kernel

Extract device tree blob from kernel (zImage is the current kernel on the phone):

$ hd zImage | grep "d0 0d fe ed 00 02 14 f4  00 00 00 38 00 01 e1 f8"
$ dd if=zImage of=kernel/dtb bs=16 skip=$(0x[first hexadecimal number of
  the output from the previous command, but with one trailing zero removed])

Download https://gitlab.com/affenull2345/bananian/-/raw/master/kernel-config into kernel.

Add Prima WLAN kernel module:

$ cd kernel/drivers/net/wireless
$ git clone https://gitlab.com/affenull2345/prima-wlan prima
$ echo 'obj-$(CONFIG_PRIMA) += prima/' >> Makefile
$ echo 'source "drivers/net/wireless/prima/Kconfig"' >> Kconfig
$ cd ../../../..

Compile kernel:

$ cd kernel
$ cp kernel-config .config
$ make menuconfig ARCH=arm
  < add/remove some configuration options >
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-
$ cat dtb arch/arm/boot/zImage > zImage

The zImage file is the kernel, you can now put it into a bootimage and flash it. WARNING: This kernel does not work with KaiOS. It crashes on boot.