Maven 生成可执行的Jar包

[kailbin]

打一个可执行Jar包，并把配置、依赖项单独放置

1. maven-resources-plugin：拷贝配置文件到指定文件夹，例如：conf/
2. maven-dependency-plugin：拷贝依赖项到指定文件夹，例如：lib/
3. maven-jar-plugin：设置主方法和classpath

<!-- 拷贝配置文件到指定文件夹，例如：conf/  -->
<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <!-- 绑定到生命周期的compile阶段，即执行compile的时候就执行该插件 -->
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <!-- 使用插件的copy-resources目标 -->
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-resources</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                <!--拷贝到构建目录conf文件夹下 -->
                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/conf</outputDirectory>
                <resources>
                    <resource>
                        <!-- 需要拷贝的文件夹 -->
                        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                        <!-- 需要拷贝的文件 -->
                        <includes>
                            <include>*.properties</include>
                            <include>*.xml</include>
                        </includes>
                        <!-- 排除不用拷贝的文件 -->
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>*.txt</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </resource>
                </resources>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<!-- 拷贝依赖项到指定文件夹，例如：lib/ -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>copy</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <outputDirectory>
                    <!--拷贝到构建目录的lib文件夹下 -->
                    ${project.build.directory}/lib
                </outputDirectory>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<!-- 设置主方法和classpath -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.6</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>jar</goal>
            </goals>
            <!-- 绑定到编译阶段 -->
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <configuration>
                <!--排除某些配置文件，放在jar的外面，方面修改，-->
                <!--【测试后发现这种写方法“src/main/resources/*”并不能排除文件，这里排除文件的根目录是classpath，不是项目根目录,】 -->
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.xml</exclude>
                    <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>
                    <exclude>**/*.txt</exclude>
                </excludes>
                <archive>
                    <!--自动添加META-INF/MANIFEST.MF -->
                    <manifest>
                        <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                        <!-- MANIFEST.MF文件里的classPath添加 lib/ 前缀，该插件并不会拷贝依赖jar包到lib文件夹下 -->
                        <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        <mainClass>${main.class}</mainClass>
                    </manifest>
                    <manifestEntries>
                        <Class-Path>. conf/</Class-Path>
                    </manifestEntries>
                </archive>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

打成一个单独的jar包，依赖配置都在这个jar包里

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <mainClass>${main.class}</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>make-assembly</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>  

Usage
Examples
Assembly

使用maven-shade-plugin插件

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <mainClass>test.Main</mainClass>
                    </transformer>
                </transformers>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

Executable JAR
Resource Transformers
Selecting Contents for Uber JAR

Spring Boot 打包插件

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>repackage</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <mainClass>test.Main</mainClass>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Create an executable JAR with Maven

拓展阅读

maven 常用插件
Maven生成可以直接运行的jar包的多种方式