Python备忘

[kailbin]

pip 安装

wget --no-check-certificate https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py

pip Installation

常用类库安装

MySQLdb

pip install mysql-python

或

wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/farcepest/MySQLdb1/archive/MySQLdb-1.2.5.tar.gz
# 解压 进入 执行
python setup.py install

常见错误1 “EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found”

# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
yum install mysql-devel 

常见错误2 “error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1”

yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel

MySQL-python 1.2.5
farcepest/MySQLdb1
pip install mysql-python fails with EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found

其他

# 读写 Excel
pip install xlwt

常见用法

字符串格式化

# 输出 Hello Python!
print "Hello %s!" % "Python"

# 保留两位小数，输出 33.33%；
print "%.2f%%" % (float(1)/float(3)*100)

Python补充05 字符串格式化 (%操作符)

三元运算符

# 为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果  
print 1 if 5 > 3 else 0  # 输出 1

日期操作

import datetime

# 当前时间
today = datetime.date.today()
# 获取一个时间的差值
between = datetime.timedelta(days=1)

# 明天
print today + between
# 昨天
print today - between


# 格式化输出 年-月-日 时:分:秒
print today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%M")

# 或获取某一天是星期几（星期一是0，以此类推）
print datetime.datetime(2016,1,1).weekday()

datetime — Basic date and time types
python日期操作

发送邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate

def send_mail(subject, content):
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = sender # 显示是谁发送的
    msg['Subject'] = subject.decode('utf8').encode('gbk') # 邮件主题
    msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(receiver) # 显示发送给谁
    msg['Cc'] = COMMASPACE.join(cc) # 显示抄送给谁
    msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)
    msg.attach(MIMEText(content.decode('utf8').encode('gbk'), 'html', 'gbk'))

    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtpserver, 25)
    smtp.login(username, password) # 用户名密码
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver + cc, msg.as_string()) # 真正的发件人和收件人
    smtp.quit()

MySQL 查询

import MySQLdb

def select_sql(dbinfo, sql):
    conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="", user="", passwd="", db="", charset="")
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    title = cursor.description
    data = cursor.fetchall()
    conn.close()
    return title, data