diff --git a/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/README.md b/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/README.md
index e47df09552..6c32e3b559 100644
--- a/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/README.md
+++ b/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/README.md
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ type: embed
   </Figure>
   <Figure recommendation="no" title="Don't">
     <Figure.Item>Run more than two checkboxes horizontally</Figure.Item>
+    <Figure.Item>Attempt to set `onChange` on `Checkbox` contained within a `CheckboxGroup`</Figure.Item>
   </Figure>
 </Guidelines>
 ```
diff --git a/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/__tests__/CheckboxGroup.test.tsx b/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/__tests__/CheckboxGroup.test.tsx
index 614d69251b..cd463acd72 100644
--- a/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/__tests__/CheckboxGroup.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/__tests__/CheckboxGroup.test.tsx
@@ -83,6 +83,31 @@ describe('<CheckboxGroup />', () => {
     expect(checkboxes[1]).toHaveAttribute('name', TEST_NAME)
   })
 
+  it('should not issue a warning/error by default', () => {
+    renderCheckboxGroup({ name: TEST_NAME })
+
+    expect(consoleWarningMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(consoleErrorMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('should issue a warning when a child Checkbox has an onChange prop', () => {
+    const changeSpy = vi.fn()
+    render(
+      <CheckboxGroup name={TEST_NAME} description={TEST_DESCRIPTION}>
+        <Checkbox
+          label={TEST_LABEL_1}
+          value={TEST_VALUE_1}
+          onChange={changeSpy}
+        />
+      </CheckboxGroup>
+    )
+
+    expect(consoleErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(consoleErrorMock.mock.calls[0][0]).toBe(
+      'Warning: [CheckboxGroup] When part of a CheckboxGroup, Checkbox components cannot have their own `onChange` prop.'
+    )
+  })
+
   it('links the messages to the fieldset via aria-describedby', () => {
     const { container } = renderCheckboxGroup({
       messages: [{ text: TEST_ERROR_MESSAGE, type: 'error' }]
diff --git a/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/index.tsx b/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/index.tsx
index 3e59c76e02..72ba9c03dd 100644
--- a/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-checkbox/src/CheckboxGroup/index.tsx
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import type {
   CheckboxGroupState,
   CheckboxChild
 } from './props'
+import { error } from '@instructure/console'
 
 /**
 ---
@@ -117,6 +118,10 @@ class CheckboxGroup extends Component<CheckboxGroupProps, CheckboxGroupState> {
 
     return Children.map(children, (child) => {
       if (matchComponentTypes<CheckboxChild>(child, [Checkbox])) {
+        error(
+          typeof child.props.onChange === 'undefined',
+          '[CheckboxGroup] When part of a CheckboxGroup, Checkbox components cannot have their own `onChange` prop.'
+        )
         return safeCloneElement(child, {
           key: `${child.props.name}`,
           name,