From 9e2d932dbe5b3f14f58200a9f5094348f2fa9938 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ErickLTrentini <erick.l.trentini@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 22:50:34 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] refactor: simplify multi-argument transformer logic

- Remove specialized MultiArgsTransformer and MultiArgsAsyncTransformer classes, consolidating their functionality into the base Transformer and AsyncTransformer classes using a `_multi_args` flag.
- Update composition utilities to handle multi-argument flows without requiring explicit sub-class checks.
- Add AGENTS.md to define development standards, including the use of `uv`, strong typing, and Sphinx-style docstrings.
- Clean up public API exports in `gloe/__init__.py`.
- Improve test robustness by adding conditional skips for optional dependencies like pygraphviz.
---
 AGENTS.md                                     |  16 +
 gloe/__init__.py                              |   6 +-
 gloe/_composition_utils.py                    | 143 +++----
 gloe/async_transformer.py                     | 144 +++----
 gloe/base_transformer.py                      |   1 +
 gloe/functional.py                            |  18 +-
 gloe/transformers.py                          | 200 +++-------
 pyproject.toml                                |   7 +-
 .../test_multiargs_transformer_types.py       |  10 +-
 .../partial/test_partial_transformer_types.py |   3 +-
 tests/test_transformer_export.py              |   8 +
 uv.lock                                       | 364 ++++++++++++++++++
 12 files changed, 562 insertions(+), 358 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 AGENTS.md
 create mode 100644 uv.lock

diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09e508e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# AGENTS
+
+## General
+- Use `uv` as the default package manager and runner.
+- Keep code simple and self-documenting; do not add random comments.
+
+## Typing
+- Use strong, explicit typing everywhere.
+- This library is mypy-heavy; ensure all code type-checks cleanly.
+
+## Documentation pattern
+- Follow the existing docstring style used in the codebase (reST/Sphinx style).
+- Prefer structured sections like `Args:`, `Returns:`, `Raises:`, `Example:`, and `See Also:` when documenting.
+
+## Testing
+- Always run the full test suite at the end of a task (use `uv`).
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gloe/__init__.py b/gloe/__init__.py
index 1a976b62..10562657 100644
--- a/gloe/__init__.py
+++ b/gloe/__init__.py
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 from gloe.conditional import If, condition
 from gloe.ensurer import ensure
 from gloe.exceptions import UnsupportedTransformerArgException
-from gloe.transformers import Transformer, MultiArgsTransformer
+from gloe.transformers import Transformer
 from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, PreviousTransformer
 from gloe.base_transformer import TransformerException
-from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer
+from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 
 __version__ = "0.7.0"
 
@@ -33,5 +33,3 @@
 
 setattr(Transformer, "__rshift__", _compose_nodes)
 setattr(AsyncTransformer, "__rshift__", _compose_nodes)
-setattr(MultiArgsTransformer, "__rshift__", _compose_nodes)
-setattr(MultiArgsAsyncTransformer, "__rshift__", _compose_nodes)
diff --git a/gloe/_composition_utils.py b/gloe/_composition_utils.py
index 4f35e5e6..7b759220 100644
--- a/gloe/_composition_utils.py
+++ b/gloe/_composition_utils.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 from inspect import Signature
 from typing import TypeVar, Any, Optional, Union
 
-from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer
+from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer
 from gloe.gateways._parallel import _Parallel, _ParallelAsync
-from gloe.transformers import Transformer, MultiArgsTransformer
+from gloe.transformers import Transformer
 from gloe._typing_utils import _match_types, _specify_types
 from gloe.exceptions import UnsupportedTransformerArgException
 
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ def is_transformer(node):
     return isinstance(node, Transformer)
 
 
+def _is_multi_args(transformer: BaseTransformer) -> bool:
+    return getattr(transformer, "_multi_args", False)
+
+
 def _resolve_serial_connection_signatures(
     transformer1: BaseTransformer, transformer2: BaseTransformer, generic_vars: dict
 ) -> Signature:
@@ -76,55 +80,28 @@ def __len__(self):
     new_transformer: Optional[BaseTransformer] = None
     if is_transformer(transformer1) and is_transformer(transformer2):
 
-        if isinstance(transformer1, MultiArgsTransformer):
-
-            class NewMultiArgsTransformer(BaseNewTransformer, MultiArgsTransformer):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
-
-                def transform(self, data):
-                    return None
-
-            new_transformer = NewMultiArgsTransformer()
-
-        else:
-
-            class NewTransformer1(BaseNewTransformer, Transformer[_In, _NextOut]):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
+        class NewTransformer1(BaseNewTransformer, Transformer[_In, _NextOut]):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
 
-                def transform(self, data):
-                    return None
+            def transform(self, data):
+                return None
 
-            new_transformer = NewTransformer1()
+        new_transformer = NewTransformer1()
+        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(transformer1)
     else:
 
-        if isinstance(transformer1, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer):
-
-            class NewMultiArgsAsyncTransformer(
-                BaseNewTransformer, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer
-            ):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
-
-                async def transform_async(self, data):
-                    return None
-
-            new_transformer = NewMultiArgsAsyncTransformer()
-        else:
+        class NewTransformer2(BaseNewTransformer, AsyncTransformer[_In, _NextOut]):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
 
-            class NewTransformer2(BaseNewTransformer, AsyncTransformer[_In, _NextOut]):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
+            async def transform_async(self, data):
+                return None
 
-                async def transform_async(self, data):
-                    return None
-
-            new_transformer = NewTransformer2()
+        new_transformer = NewTransformer2()
+        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(transformer1)
 
     new_transformer.__class__.__name__ = transformer2.__class__.__name__
     new_transformer._label = transformer2.label
@@ -157,67 +134,35 @@ def __len__(self):
 
     if is_transformer(incident_transformer) and is_transformer(receiving_transformers):
 
-        if isinstance(incident_transformer, MultiArgsTransformer):
-
-            class NewMultiArgsTransformer(BaseNewTransformer, MultiArgsTransformer):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = incident_transformer._flow + [
-                        _Parallel(*receiving_transformers)
-                    ]
-
-                def transform(self, data):
-                    return None
-
-            new_transformer = NewMultiArgsTransformer()
-        else:
-
-            class NewTransformer1(
-                BaseNewTransformer, Transformer[_In, tuple[Any, ...]]
-            ):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = incident_transformer._flow + [
-                        _Parallel(*receiving_transformers)
-                    ]
+        class NewTransformer1(BaseNewTransformer, Transformer[_In, tuple[Any, ...]]):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self._flow = incident_transformer._flow + [
+                    _Parallel(*receiving_transformers)
+                ]
 
-                def transform(self, data):
-                    return None
+            def transform(self, data):
+                return None
 
-            new_transformer = NewTransformer1()
+        new_transformer = NewTransformer1()
+        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(incident_transformer)
 
     else:
 
-        if isinstance(incident_transformer, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer):
-
-            class NewMultiArgsAsyncTransformer(
-                BaseNewTransformer, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer
-            ):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = incident_transformer._flow + [
-                        _ParallelAsync(*receiving_transformers)
-                    ]
-
-                async def transform_async(self, data):
-                    return None
-
-            new_transformer = NewMultiArgsAsyncTransformer()
-        else:
-
-            class NewTransformer2(
-                BaseNewTransformer, AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[Any, ...]]
-            ):
-                def __init__(self):
-                    super().__init__()
-                    self._flow = incident_transformer._flow + [
-                        _ParallelAsync(*receiving_transformers)
-                    ]
+        class NewTransformer2(
+            BaseNewTransformer, AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[Any, ...]]
+        ):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self._flow = incident_transformer._flow + [
+                    _ParallelAsync(*receiving_transformers)
+                ]
 
-                async def transform_async(self, data):
-                    return None
+            async def transform_async(self, data):
+                return None
 
-            new_transformer = NewTransformer2()
+        new_transformer = NewTransformer2()
+        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(incident_transformer)
 
     # new_transformer._previous = cast(Transformer, receiving_transformers)
     new_transformer.__class__.__name__ = "Converge"
diff --git a/gloe/async_transformer.py b/gloe/async_transformer.py
index bd4d7008..7521518d 100644
--- a/gloe/async_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/async_transformer.py
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from inspect import Signature
-from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Callable, Optional, Any
+from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Callable, Optional, Any, get_args, get_origin, TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, Generic, TypeVarTuple, override
+from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, Generic, TypeVarTuple
 
 from gloe._plotting_utils import PlottingSettings, NodeType
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
 from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow
+from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from gloe.transformers import Transformer
 
 __all__ = ["AsyncTransformer"]
 
-_In = TypeVar("_In", contravariant=True)
 _Out = TypeVar("_Out", covariant=True)
 _NextOut = TypeVar("_NextOut")
 
@@ -22,6 +25,7 @@
 _O7 = TypeVar("_O7")
 
 Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
+NextArgs = TypeVarTuple("NextArgs")
 
 
 async def _execute_async_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ async def _execute_async_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
     return result
 
 
-class AsyncTransformer(Generic[_In, _Out], BaseTransformer[_In, _Out]):
+class AsyncTransformer(Generic[Unpack[Args], _Out], BaseTransformer[Any, _Out]):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
 
@@ -48,9 +52,15 @@ def __init__(self):
             node_type=NodeType.Transformer, is_async=True
         )
         self.__class__.__annotations__ = self.transform_async.__annotations__
+        orig_bases = getattr(self, "__orig_bases__", [])
+        transformer_args = [
+            get_args(base) for base in orig_bases if get_origin(base) == AsyncTransformer
+        ]
+        if transformer_args and len(transformer_args[0]) > 2:
+            self._multi_args = True
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def transform_async(self, data: _In) -> _Out:
+    async def transform_async(self, data: Any) -> _Out:
         """
         Method to perform the transformation asynchronously.
 
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
             f" -> {self.output_annotation}"
         )
 
-    async def _safe_transform(self, data: _In) -> _Out:
+    async def _safe_transform(self, data: Any) -> _Out:
         transform_exception = None
 
         transformed: Optional[_Out] = None
@@ -98,7 +108,7 @@ async def _safe_transform(self, data: _In) -> _Out:
 
     def copy(
         self,
-        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, _In], _Out]] = None,
+        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, Any], _Out]] = None,
         regenerate_instance_id: bool = False,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> Self:
@@ -109,114 +119,62 @@ async def __call__(self: "AsyncTransformer[None, _Out]") -> _Out:
         return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, None)
 
     @overload
-    async def __call__(self, data: _In) -> _Out:
-        return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data)
-
-    async def __call__(self, data=None):
+    async def __call__(
+        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]", *data: Unpack[Args]
+    ) -> _Out:
         return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data)
 
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut]
-    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[_In, _NextOut]":
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut], BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2]],
-    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[_NextOut, _O2]]":
-        pass
+    async def __call__(self, *data):
+        if self._multi_args:
+            if len(data) == 1 and type(data[0]) is tuple:
+                data = data[0]
+            elif len(data) == 1:
+                raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
+            return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data)
 
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O3],
-        ],
-    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3]]":
-        pass
+        if len(data) == 0:
+            return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, None)
+        if len(data) == 1:
+            return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data[0])
+        raise TypeError("Transformer expected a single argument")
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O3],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O4],
-        ],
-    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4]]":
+        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[Unpack[NextArgs]]]",
+        next_node: "Transformer[Unpack[NextArgs], _NextOut]",
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O3],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O4],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O5],
-        ],
-    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5]]":
+        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[Unpack[NextArgs]]]",
+        next_node: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[NextArgs], _NextOut]",
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O3],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O4],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O5],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O6],
-        ],
-    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5, _O6]]":
+        self, next_node: "Transformer[_Out, _NextOut]"
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O3],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O4],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O5],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O6],
-            BaseTransformer[_Out, _O7],
-        ],
-    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5, _O6, _O7]]":
-        pass
-
-    def __rshift__(self, next_node):  # pragma: no cover
+        self, next_node: "AsyncTransformer[_Out, _NextOut]"
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
         pass
 
-
-class MultiArgsAsyncTransformer(
-    Generic[Unpack[Args], _Out], AsyncTransformer[tuple[Unpack[Args]], _Out]
-):
-    @override
-    async def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
-        self: "MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]", *data: Unpack[Args]
-    ) -> _Out:
-        return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data)
-
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut]
-    ) -> "MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple[BaseTransformer[_Out, _NextOut], BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2]],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2]]":
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
@@ -227,7 +185,7 @@ def __rshift__(
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O2],
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O3],
         ],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3]]":
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
@@ -239,7 +197,7 @@ def __rshift__(
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O3],
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O4],
         ],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4]]":
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
@@ -252,7 +210,7 @@ def __rshift__(
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O4],
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O5],
         ],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5]]":
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
@@ -266,9 +224,7 @@ def __rshift__(
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O5],
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O6],
         ],
-    ) -> """MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[
-        Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5, _O6]
-    ]""":
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5, _O6]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
@@ -283,9 +239,7 @@ def __rshift__(
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O6],
             BaseTransformer[_Out, _O7],
         ],
-    ) -> """MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[
-        Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5, _O6, _O7]
-    ]""":
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[_NextOut, _O2, _O3, _O4, _O5, _O6, _O7]]":
         pass
 
     def __rshift__(self, next_node):  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/gloe/base_transformer.py b/gloe/base_transformer.py
index a85b204e..b9552a4f 100644
--- a/gloe/base_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/base_transformer.py
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.id = uuid.uuid4()
         self.instance_id = uuid.uuid4()
         self.is_atomic = False
+        self._multi_args = False
         self._label = self.__class__.__name__
         self._already_copied = False
         self._plotting_settings: PlottingSettings = PlottingSettings(
diff --git a/gloe/functional.py b/gloe/functional.py
index c072cce8..21d40aad 100644
--- a/gloe/functional.py
+++ b/gloe/functional.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 from typing_extensions import Concatenate, TypeVarTuple, Unpack, ParamSpec
 
-from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer
+from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
-from gloe.transformers import Transformer, MultiArgsTransformer
+from gloe.transformers import Transformer
 
 __all__ = [
     "transformer",
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ async def transform_async(self, data: A) -> S:
 @overload
 def transformer(
     func: Callable[[A, B, Unpack[Rest]], S],
-) -> MultiArgsTransformer[A, B, Unpack[Rest], S]:
+) -> Transformer[A, B, Unpack[Rest], S]:
     pass
 
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def filter_subscribed_users(users: list[User]) -> list[User]:
 
     if len(func_signature.parameters) > 1:
 
-        class LambdaMultiArgsTransformer(MultiArgsTransformer):
+        class LambdaMultiArgsTransformer(Transformer):
             __doc__ = func.__doc__
             __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
 
@@ -209,9 +209,10 @@ def transform(self, data):
                 raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
 
         lambda_transformer1 = LambdaMultiArgsTransformer()
+        lambda_transformer1._multi_args = True
         lambda_transformer1.__class__.__name__ = func.__name__
         lambda_transformer1._label = func.__name__
-        return lambda_transformer1
+        return cast(Transformer, lambda_transformer1)
 
     class LambdaTransformer(Transformer):
         __doc__ = func.__doc__
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ def transform(self, data=None):
 @overload
 def async_transformer(
     func: Callable[[A, B, Unpack[Rest]], Awaitable[S]],
-) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[A, B, Unpack[Rest], S]:
+) -> AsyncTransformer[A, B, Unpack[Rest], S]:
     pass
 
 
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ async def get_user_by_role(role: str) -> list[User]:
 
     if len(func_signature.parameters) > 1:
 
-        class LambdaMultiArgsTransformer(MultiArgsAsyncTransformer):
+        class LambdaMultiArgsTransformer(AsyncTransformer):
             __doc__ = func.__doc__
             __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
 
@@ -289,9 +290,10 @@ async def transform_async(self, data):
                 raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
 
         lambda_transformer1 = LambdaMultiArgsTransformer()
+        lambda_transformer1._multi_args = True
         lambda_transformer1.__class__.__name__ = func.__name__
         lambda_transformer1._label = func.__name__
-        return lambda_transformer1
+        return cast(AsyncTransformer, lambda_transformer1)
 
     class LambdaAsyncTransformer(AsyncTransformer):
         __doc__ = func.__doc__
diff --git a/gloe/transformers.py b/gloe/transformers.py
index 446b8cea..1c075273 100644
--- a/gloe/transformers.py
+++ b/gloe/transformers.py
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from inspect import Signature
 
-from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Optional, Any
+from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Optional, Any, get_args, get_origin, Iterable
 
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, Unpack, TypeVarTuple, Generic, override
+from typing_extensions import Generic, TypeAlias, Unpack, TypeVarTuple
 
-from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer, MultiArgsAsyncTransformer
+from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
 from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow
+from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
 
 from gloe._generic_types import (
     AsyncNext2,
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@
 
 __all__ = ["Transformer"]
 
-_I = TypeVar("_I", contravariant=True)
 _O = TypeVar("_O", covariant=True)
 
 Tr: TypeAlias = "Transformer"
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 To = TypeVar("To", bound=BaseTransformer)
 
 Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
+NextArgs = TypeVarTuple("NextArgs")
 
 
 def _execute_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ def _execute_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
     return result
 
 
-class Transformer(BaseTransformer[_I, _O], ABC):
+class Transformer(BaseTransformer[Any, _O], Generic[Unpack[Args], _O], ABC):
     """
     A Transformer is the generic block with the responsibility to take an input of type
     `T` and transform it to an output of type `S`.
@@ -67,9 +68,15 @@ class Stringifier(Transformer[dict, str]):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
         self.__class__.__annotations__ = self.transform.__annotations__
+        orig_bases = getattr(self, "__orig_bases__", [])
+        transformer_args = [
+            get_args(base) for base in orig_bases if get_origin(base) == Transformer
+        ]
+        if transformer_args and len(transformer_args[0]) > 2:
+            self._multi_args = True
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def transform(self, data: _I) -> _O:
+    def transform(self, data: Any) -> _O:
         """
         Main method to be implemented and responsible to perform the transformer logic
         """
@@ -91,7 +98,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
             f" -> {self.output_annotation}"
         )
 
-    def _safe_transform(self, data: _I) -> _O:
+    def _safe_transform(self, data: Any) -> _O:
         transform_exception = None
 
         transformed: Optional[_O] = None
@@ -113,178 +120,90 @@ def __call__(self: "Transformer[None, _O]") -> _O:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    def __call__(self, data: _I) -> _O:
-        pass
-
-    def __call__(self, data=None):
-        return _execute_flow(self._flow, data)
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(self, next_node: "Transformer[_O, O1]") -> "Transformer[_I, O1]":
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]"],
-    ) -> "Transformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2]]":
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]"],
-    ) -> "Transformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3]]":
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]", "Tr[_O, O4]"],
-    ) -> "Transformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4]]":
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            "Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]", "Tr[_O, O4]", "Tr[_O, O5]"
-        ],
-    ) -> "Transformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]]":
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            "Tr[_O, O1]",
-            "Tr[_O, O2]",
-            "Tr[_O, O3]",
-            "Tr[_O, O4]",
-            "Tr[_O, O5]",
-            "Tr[_O, O6]",
-        ],
-    ) -> "Transformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]]":
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self,
-        next_node: tuple[
-            "Tr[_O, O1]",
-            "Tr[_O, O2]",
-            "Tr[_O, O3]",
-            "Tr[_O, O4]",
-            "Tr[_O, O5]",
-            "Tr[_O, O6]",
-            "Tr[_O, O7]",
-        ],
-    ) -> "Transformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]]":
+    def __call__(
+        self: "Transformer[Unpack[Args], _O]", *data: Unpack[Args]
+    ) -> _O:
         pass
 
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: AsyncTransformer[_O, O1]
-    ) -> AsyncTransformer[_I, O1]:
-        pass
+    def __call__(self, *data):
+        if self._multi_args:
+            if len(data) == 1 and type(data[0]) is tuple:
+                data = data[0]
+            elif len(data) == 1:
+                raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
+            return _execute_flow(self._flow, data)
 
-    @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: AsyncNext2[_O, O1, O2]
-    ) -> AsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2]]:
-        pass
+        if len(data) == 0:
+            return _execute_flow(self._flow, None)
+        if len(data) == 1:
+            return _execute_flow(self._flow, data[0])
+        raise TypeError("Transformer expected a single argument")
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: AsyncNext3[_O, O1, O2, O3]
-    ) -> AsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3]]:
+        self: "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[Unpack[NextArgs]]]",
+        next_node: "Transformer[Unpack[NextArgs], O1]",
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], O1]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: AsyncNext4[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4]
-    ) -> AsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4]]:
+        self: "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[Unpack[NextArgs]]]",
+        next_node: AsyncTransformer[Unpack[NextArgs], O1],
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], O1]:
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: AsyncNext5[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]
-    ) -> AsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]]:
+        self: "Transformer[Unpack[Args], list[Item]]",
+        next_node: "Transformer[Iterable[Item], O1]",
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], O1]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: AsyncNext6[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]
-    ) -> AsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]]:
+        self: "Transformer[Unpack[Args], list[Item]]",
+        next_node: AsyncTransformer[Iterable[Item], O1],
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], O1]:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: AsyncNext7[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]
-    ) -> AsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]]:
-        pass
-
-    def __rshift__(self, next_node):  # pragma: no cover
-        pass
-
-
-class MultiArgsTransformer(
-    Generic[Unpack[Args], _O], Transformer[tuple[Unpack[Args]], _O]
-):
-    # The below ignored override errors are recommended by the documentation itself,
-    # "if you decide that type safety is not necessary", which is clearly the case.
-    # https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#incompatible-overrides
-    @override
-    def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
-        self: "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], _O]", *data: Unpack[Args]
-    ) -> _O:
-        if len(data) == 1 and type(data[0]) is tuple:  # type: ignore
-            data = data[0]  # type: ignore
-        return _execute_flow(self._flow, data)
-
-    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: "Transformer[_O, O1]"
-    ) -> "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], O1]":
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], O1]":
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]"],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2]]":
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]"],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3]]":
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]", "Tr[_O, O4]"],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4]]":
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple[
             "Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]", "Tr[_O, O4]", "Tr[_O, O5]"
         ],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]]":
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple[
@@ -295,11 +214,10 @@ def __rshift__(
             "Tr[_O, O5]",
             "Tr[_O, O6]",
         ],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]]":
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple[
@@ -311,58 +229,50 @@ def __rshift__(
             "Tr[_O, O6]",
             "Tr[_O, O7]",
         ],
-    ) -> "MultiArgsTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]]":
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: AsyncTransformer[_O, O1]
-    ) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[_I, O1]:
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], O1]:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: AsyncNext2[_O, O1, O2]
-    ) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2]]:
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2]]:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: AsyncNext3[_O, O1, O2, O3]
-    ) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3]]:
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3]]:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: AsyncNext4[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4]
-    ) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4]]:
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4]]:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: AsyncNext5[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]
-    ) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]]:
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]]:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: AsyncNext6[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]
-    ) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]]:
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]]:
         pass
 
     @overload
-    @override
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: AsyncNext7[_O, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]
-    ) -> MultiArgsAsyncTransformer[_I, tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]]:
+    ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]]:
         pass
 
-    @override
     def __rshift__(self, next_node):  # pragma: no cover
         pass
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 5a93283f..6a642a8e 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -34,9 +34,14 @@ Documentation = "https://gloe.ideos.com.br"
 Issues = "https://github.com/ideos/gloe/issues"
 Repository = "https://github.com/ideos/gloe"
 
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+  'mypy==1.19.1',
+  'pytest==8.4.2',
+]
+
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 plot = ['pygraphviz>=1.11']
-types = ['mypy~=1.7.0']
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 pythonpath = [
diff --git a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py
index 9b13bbae..a1738960 100644
--- a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py
+++ b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from gloe.utils import forward
 from typing_extensions import assert_type
 
-from gloe import transformer, MultiArgsTransformer, Transformer
+from gloe import transformer, Transformer
 from tests.lib.transformers import square
 from tests.type_utils.mypy_test_suite import MypyTestSuite
 
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ def test_transformer_multiple_args(self):
         def sum2(num1: int, num2: float) -> float:
             return num1 + num2
 
-        assert_type(sum2, MultiArgsTransformer[int, float, float])
+        assert_type(sum2, Transformer[int, float, float])
 
         @transformer
         def sum3(num1: int, num2: int, num3: int) -> int:
             return num1 + num2 + num3
 
-        assert_type(sum3, MultiArgsTransformer[int, int, int, int])
+        assert_type(sum3, Transformer[int, int, int, int])
 
     def test_noargs_transformer(self):
         """
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def sum2(num1: float, num2: float) -> float:
 
         pipeline = sum2 >> square
 
-        assert_type(pipeline, MultiArgsTransformer[float, float, float])
+        assert_type(pipeline, Transformer[float, float, float])
 
         pipeline2 = forward[float]() >> (square, square) >> sum2
 
@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ def sum2(num1: float, num2: float) -> float:
 
         pipeline3 = sum2 >> (square, square) >> sum2
 
-        assert_type(pipeline3, MultiArgsTransformer[float, float, float])
+        assert_type(pipeline3, Transformer[float, float, float])
diff --git a/tests/partial/test_partial_transformer_types.py b/tests/partial/test_partial_transformer_types.py
index 82d209ea..0b8a86d8 100644
--- a/tests/partial/test_partial_transformer_types.py
+++ b/tests/partial/test_partial_transformer_types.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+from typing import reveal_type
 import asyncio
 import unittest
 from typing_extensions import assert_type
 
-from gloe import partial_async_transformer, AsyncTransformer, Transformer
+from gloe import partial_async_transformer, AsyncTransformer, Transformer, async_transformer, transformer
 from gloe.utils import forward
 from tests.lib.transformers import logarithm, repeat, format_currency
 from tests.type_utils.mypy_test_suite import MypyTestSuite
diff --git a/tests/test_transformer_export.py b/tests/test_transformer_export.py
index a9c7af1e..caab3bd6 100644
--- a/tests/test_transformer_export.py
+++ b/tests/test_transformer_export.py
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
 from gloe.collection import Map
 from tests.lib.transformers import plus1, repeat_list
 
+try:
+    import pygraphviz  # noqa: F401
+    _HAS_PYGRAPHVIZ = True
+except ImportError:
+    _HAS_PYGRAPHVIZ = False
+
 
 class TestTransformerExport(unittest.TestCase):
     foo = repeat_list(10) >> Map(plus1 >> repeat_list(10) >> Map(plus1))
@@ -16,6 +22,7 @@ def test_no_graphviz_installed(self, mock_import: MagicMock):
             with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".dot", delete=False) as temp:
                 self.foo.to_dot(temp.name)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(_HAS_PYGRAPHVIZ, "pygraphviz is required")
     def test_export_no_errors(self):
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".dot", delete=False) as temp:
             self.foo.to_dot(temp.name, with_edge_labels=False)
@@ -23,6 +30,7 @@ def test_export_no_errors(self):
         with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".png", delete=False) as temp:
             self.foo.to_image(temp.name)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(_HAS_PYGRAPHVIZ, "pygraphviz is required")
     def test_export_deprecated(self):
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
             import tempfile
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80635f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+version = 1
+revision = 3
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
+resolution-markers = [
+    "python_full_version >= '3.10'",
+    "python_full_version < '3.10'",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "colorama"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/53/6f443c9a4a8358a93a6792e2acffb9d9d5cb0a5cfd8802644b7b1c9a02e4/colorama-0.4.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:08695f5cb7ed6e0531a20572697297273c47b8cae5a63ffc6d6ed5c201be6e44", size = 27697, upload-time = "2022-10-25T02:36:22.414Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/d6/3965ed04c63042e047cb6a3e6ed1a63a35087b6a609aa3a15ed8ac56c221/colorama-0.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4f1d9991f5acc0ca119f9d443620b77f9d6b33703e51011c16baf57afb285fc6", size = 25335, upload-time = "2022-10-25T02:36:20.889Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "exceptiongroup"
+version = "1.3.1"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.13'" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/50/79/66800aadf48771f6b62f7eb014e352e5d06856655206165d775e675a02c9/exceptiongroup-1.3.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:8b412432c6055b0b7d14c310000ae93352ed6754f70fa8f7c34141f91c4e3219", size = 30371, upload-time = "2025-11-21T23:01:54.787Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/0e/97c33bf5009bdbac74fd2beace167cab3f978feb69cc36f1ef79360d6c4e/exceptiongroup-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a7a39a3bd276781e98394987d3a5701d0c4edffb633bb7a5144577f82c773598", size = 16740, upload-time = "2025-11-21T23:01:53.443Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gloe"
+source = { editable = "." }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
+
+[package.optional-dependencies]
+plot = [
+    { name = "pygraphviz", version = "1.11", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.10'" },
+    { name = "pygraphviz", version = "1.14", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
+]
+
+[package.dev-dependencies]
+dev = [
+    { name = "mypy" },
+    { name = "pytest" },
+]
+
+[package.metadata]
+requires-dist = [
+    { name = "pygraphviz", marker = "extra == 'plot'", specifier = ">=1.11" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", specifier = "~=4.7" },
+]
+provides-extras = ["plot"]
+
+[package.metadata.requires-dev]
+dev = [
+    { name = "mypy", specifier = "==1.19.1" },
+    { name = "pytest", specifier = "==8.4.2" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "iniconfig"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+resolution-markers = [
+    "python_full_version < '3.10'",
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f2/97/ebf4da567aa6827c909642694d71c9fcf53e5b504f2d96afea02718862f3/iniconfig-2.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3abbd2e30b36733fee78f9c7f7308f2d0050e88f0087fd25c2645f63c773e1c7", size = 4793, upload-time = "2025-03-19T20:09:59.721Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2c/e1/e6716421ea10d38022b952c159d5161ca1193197fb744506875fbb87ea7b/iniconfig-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9deba5723312380e77435581c6bf4935c94cbfab9b1ed33ef8d238ea168eb760", size = 6050, upload-time = "2025-03-19T20:10:01.071Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "iniconfig"
+version = "2.3.0"
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+    "python_full_version >= '3.10'",
+]
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+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cb/b1/3846dd7f199d53cb17f49cba7e651e9ce294d8497c8c150530ed11865bb8/iniconfig-2.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f631c04d2c48c52b84d0d0549c99ff3859c98df65b3101406327ecc7d53fbf12", size = 7484, upload-time = "2025-10-18T21:55:41.639Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "librt"
+version = "0.7.8"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e7/24/5f3646ff414285e0f7708fa4e946b9bf538345a41d1c375c439467721a5e/librt-0.7.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1a4ede613941d9c3470b0368be851df6bb78ab218635512d0370b27a277a0862", size = 148323, upload-time = "2026-01-14T12:56:16.876Z" }
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From 1deae9dc48d47941547618d8e979146b6c2051b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erick Lima Trentini <erick.l.trentini@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 17:28:36 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Refactor transformers to support unpacking of arguments
 and improve type safety

- Updated AsyncTransformer and BaseTransformer to handle unpacked arguments using TypeVarTuple.
- Enhanced the signature methods in transformers to correctly reflect the expected input types.
- Modified the transform methods to accept variable arguments, improving flexibility.
- Adjusted the handling of input data in the _ensure_base class to normalize input formats.
- Improved type hints across various transformer classes and utility functions for better clarity and type checking.
- Added tests to ensure that transformers correctly accept subclasses and handle multiple arguments.
- Refactored the Map, MapAsync, MapOver, and MapOverAsync classes to support unpacked argument types.
---
 gloe/_composition_utils.py                    | 75 ++++++++++++-----
 gloe/async_transformer.py                     | 64 +++++++-------
 gloe/base_transformer.py                      | 83 ++++++++++++++-----
 gloe/collection/_map.py                       | 25 +++++-
 gloe/collection/_map_async.py                 | 26 +++++-
 gloe/collection/_mapover.py                   | 58 +++++++++++--
 gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py             | 60 ++++++++++++--
 gloe/ensurer/_transformer_ensurer.py          | 67 +++++++++------
 gloe/functional.py                            | 65 ++++-----------
 gloe/gateways/_parallel.py                    |  2 +-
 gloe/transformers.py                          | 45 +++++-----
 tests/basic/test_basic_transformer_types.py   | 20 +++++
 tests/basic/test_transformer_basic.py         | 17 ++++
 tests/ensurer/test_transformer_ensurer.py     |  4 +-
 .../test_async_multiargs_transformer.py       |  4 +-
 .../test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py       |  4 +-
 tests/test_transformer_graph.py               | 16 ++--
 tests/test_transformer_utils.py               |  5 +-
 18 files changed, 432 insertions(+), 208 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gloe/_composition_utils.py b/gloe/_composition_utils.py
index 7b759220..21fbc64c 100644
--- a/gloe/_composition_utils.py
+++ b/gloe/_composition_utils.py
@@ -20,23 +20,18 @@ def is_transformer(node):
     return isinstance(node, Transformer)
 
 
-def _is_multi_args(transformer: BaseTransformer) -> bool:
-    return getattr(transformer, "_multi_args", False)
-
-
 def _resolve_serial_connection_signatures(
     transformer1: BaseTransformer, transformer2: BaseTransformer, generic_vars: dict
 ) -> Signature:
-    signature2 = transformer2.signature()
-    first_param = list(signature2.parameters.values())[0]
-    new_parameter = first_param.replace(
-        annotation=_specify_types(transformer1.input_type, generic_vars)
-    )
-    new_signature = signature2.replace(
-        parameters=[new_parameter],
+    signature1 = transformer1.signature()
+    parameters = [
+        parameter.replace(annotation=_specify_types(parameter.annotation, generic_vars))
+        for parameter in signature1.parameters.values()
+    ]
+    return signature1.replace(
+        parameters=parameters,
         return_annotation=_specify_types(transformer2.output_type, generic_vars),
     )
-    return new_signature
 
 
 def _compose_serial(transformer1, _transformer2):
@@ -54,8 +49,15 @@ def _compose_serial(transformer1, _transformer2):
     generic_vars = {**input_generic_vars, **output_generic_vars}
 
     def transformer1_signature(_) -> Signature:
+        parameters = [
+            parameter.replace(
+                annotation=_specify_types(parameter.annotation, generic_vars)
+            )
+            for parameter in signature1.parameters.values()
+        ]
         return signature1.replace(
-            return_annotation=_specify_types(signature1.return_annotation, generic_vars)
+            parameters=parameters,
+            return_annotation=_specify_types(signature1.return_annotation, generic_vars),
         )
 
     setattr(
@@ -85,11 +87,10 @@ def __init__(self):
                 super().__init__()
                 self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
 
-            def transform(self, data):
+            def transform(self, *data):
                 return None
 
         new_transformer = NewTransformer1()
-        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(transformer1)
     else:
 
         class NewTransformer2(BaseNewTransformer, AsyncTransformer[_In, _NextOut]):
@@ -97,11 +98,10 @@ def __init__(self):
                 super().__init__()
                 self._flow = transformer1._flow + transformer2._flow
 
-            async def transform_async(self, data):
+            async def transform_async(self, *data):
                 return None
 
         new_transformer = NewTransformer2()
-        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(transformer1)
 
     new_transformer.__class__.__name__ = transformer2.__class__.__name__
     new_transformer._label = transformer2.label
@@ -126,6 +126,41 @@ def _compose_diverging(
     )
 
     class BaseNewTransformer:
+        def signature(self) -> Signature:
+            incident_signature = incident_transformer.signature()
+            generic_vars: dict = {}
+            for receiving_transformer in receiving_transformers:
+                generic_vars.update(
+                    _match_types(
+                        receiving_transformer.input_type,
+                        incident_transformer.output_type,
+                    )
+                )
+                generic_vars.update(
+                    _match_types(
+                        incident_transformer.output_type,
+                        receiving_transformer.input_type,
+                    )
+                )
+
+            parameters = [
+                parameter.replace(
+                    annotation=_specify_types(parameter.annotation, generic_vars)
+                )
+                for parameter in incident_signature.parameters.values()
+            ]
+            return_types = [
+                _specify_types(
+                    receiving_transformer.signature().return_annotation,
+                    generic_vars,
+                )
+                for receiving_transformer in receiving_transformers
+            ]
+            return incident_signature.replace(
+                parameters=parameters,
+                return_annotation=types.GenericAlias(tuple, tuple(return_types)),
+            )
+
         def __len__(self):
             lengths = [len(t) for t in receiving_transformers]
             return sum(lengths) + len(incident_transformer)
@@ -141,11 +176,10 @@ def __init__(self):
                     _Parallel(*receiving_transformers)
                 ]
 
-            def transform(self, data):
+            def transform(self, *data):
                 return None
 
         new_transformer = NewTransformer1()
-        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(incident_transformer)
 
     else:
 
@@ -158,11 +192,10 @@ def __init__(self):
                     _ParallelAsync(*receiving_transformers)
                 ]
 
-            async def transform_async(self, data):
+            async def transform_async(self, *data):
                 return None
 
         new_transformer = NewTransformer2()
-        new_transformer._multi_args = _is_multi_args(incident_transformer)
 
     # new_transformer._previous = cast(Transformer, receiving_transformers)
     new_transformer.__class__.__name__ = "Converge"
diff --git a/gloe/async_transformer.py b/gloe/async_transformer.py
index 7521518d..8ba41d89 100644
--- a/gloe/async_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/async_transformer.py
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from inspect import Signature
-from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Callable, Optional, Any, get_args, get_origin, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Callable, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable
 
-from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, Generic, TypeVarTuple
+from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, Generic, TypeVarTuple, Never
 
 from gloe._plotting_utils import PlottingSettings, NodeType
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
 from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow
-from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from gloe.transformers import Transformer
+    from gloe.utils import forward as Forward
 
 __all__ = ["AsyncTransformer"]
 
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
 _O5 = TypeVar("_O5")
 _O6 = TypeVar("_O6")
 _O7 = TypeVar("_O7")
+Item = TypeVar("Item")
 
 Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
 NextArgs = TypeVarTuple("NextArgs")
 
 
-async def _execute_async_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
+async def _execute_async_flow(flow: Flow, arg: object) -> object:
     result = arg
     for op in flow:
         if isinstance(op, BaseTransformer):
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ async def _execute_async_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
     return result
 
 
-class AsyncTransformer(Generic[Unpack[Args], _Out], BaseTransformer[Any, _Out]):
+class AsyncTransformer(Generic[Unpack[Args], _Out], BaseTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
 
@@ -52,15 +53,9 @@ def __init__(self):
             node_type=NodeType.Transformer, is_async=True
         )
         self.__class__.__annotations__ = self.transform_async.__annotations__
-        orig_bases = getattr(self, "__orig_bases__", [])
-        transformer_args = [
-            get_args(base) for base in orig_bases if get_origin(base) == AsyncTransformer
-        ]
-        if transformer_args and len(transformer_args[0]) > 2:
-            self._multi_args = True
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def transform_async(self, data: Any) -> _Out:
+    async def transform_async(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> _Out:
         """
         Method to perform the transformation asynchronously.
 
@@ -89,12 +84,13 @@ def __repr__(self):
             f" -> {self.output_annotation}"
         )
 
-    async def _safe_transform(self, data: Any) -> _Out:
+    async def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _Out:
         transform_exception = None
 
         transformed: Optional[_Out] = None
         try:
-            transformed = await self.transform_async(data)
+            args = cast(tuple[Unpack[Args]], self._unpack_call_args(data))
+            transformed = await self.transform_async(*args)
         except Exception as exception:
             transform_exception = catch_transformer_exception(exception, self)
 
@@ -108,7 +104,7 @@ async def _safe_transform(self, data: Any) -> _Out:
 
     def copy(
         self,
-        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, Any], _Out]] = None,
+        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, Unpack[Args]], _Out]] = None,
         regenerate_instance_id: bool = False,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> Self:
@@ -116,27 +112,17 @@ def copy(
 
     @overload
     async def __call__(self: "AsyncTransformer[None, _Out]") -> _Out:
-        return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, None)
+        ...
 
     @overload
     async def __call__(
         self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]", *data: Unpack[Args]
     ) -> _Out:
-        return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data)
+        ...
 
     async def __call__(self, *data):
-        if self._multi_args:
-            if len(data) == 1 and type(data[0]) is tuple:
-                data = data[0]
-            elif len(data) == 1:
-                raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
-            return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data)
-
-        if len(data) == 0:
-            return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, None)
-        if len(data) == 1:
-            return await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, data[0])
-        raise TypeError("Transformer expected a single argument")
+        packed = self._pack_call_args(data)
+        return cast(_Out, await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, packed))
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
@@ -152,6 +138,26 @@ def __rshift__(
     ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
         pass
 
+    @overload
+    def __rshift__(
+        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], list[Item]]",
+        next_node: "Transformer[Iterable[Item], _NextOut]",
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
+        pass
+
+    @overload
+    def __rshift__(
+        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], list[Item]]",
+        next_node: "AsyncTransformer[Iterable[Item], _NextOut]",
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _NextOut]":
+        pass
+
+    @overload
+    def __rshift__(
+        self, next_node: "Forward[Never]"
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]":
+        pass
+
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: "Transformer[_Out, _NextOut]"
diff --git a/gloe/base_transformer.py b/gloe/base_transformer.py
index b9552a4f..b202b185 100644
--- a/gloe/base_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/base_transformer.py
@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@
     cast,
 )
 
-from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, deprecated
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, TypeVarTuple, Unpack, deprecated
 
 from gloe._gloe_graph import GloeGraph
 from gloe._plotting_utils import PlottingSettings, NodeType, dot_props
-from gloe._typing_utils import _format_return_annotation
+from gloe._typing_utils import _format_return_annotation, _specify_types
+from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
 
 __all__ = ["BaseTransformer", "TransformerException", "PreviousTransformer"]
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
 _Out6 = TypeVar("_Out6")
 _Out7 = TypeVar("_Out7")
 
+Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
 
 PreviousTransformer: TypeAlias = Union[
     None,
@@ -53,6 +55,8 @@
 
 TransformerChildren: TypeAlias = list["BaseTransformer"]
 
+_NO_ARGS = object()
+
 
 class TransformerException(Exception):
     def __init__(
@@ -87,23 +91,21 @@ def from_transformer(transformer: "BaseTransformer") -> "GloeNode":
             output_annotation=transformer.output_annotation,
         )
 
-
-_In = TypeVar("_In", contravariant=True)
 _Out = TypeVar("_Out", covariant=True)
 
 
 Flow = list["BaseTransformer"]
 
 
-class BaseTransformer(Generic[_In, _Out], ABC):
+class BaseTransformer(Generic[Unpack[Args], _Out], ABC):
     def __init__(self):
         self._children: TransformerChildren = []
         self.id = uuid.uuid4()
         self.instance_id = uuid.uuid4()
         self.is_atomic = False
-        self._multi_args = False
         self._label = self.__class__.__name__
         self._already_copied = False
+        self._signature_override: Optional[Signature] = None
         self._plotting_settings: PlottingSettings = PlottingSettings(
             invisible=False,
             node_type=NodeType.Transformer,
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
 
     def _copy(
         self: Self,
-        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, _In], _Out]] = None,
+        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, Unpack[Args]], _Out]] = None,
         regenerate_instance_id: bool = False,
         transform_method: str = "transform",
         force: bool = False,
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ def _copy(
         copied._already_copied = True
 
         if transform is not None:
+            copied._signature_override = self.signature()
             setattr(copied, transform_method, types.MethodType(transform, copied))
 
         old_instance_id = self.instance_id
@@ -190,7 +193,7 @@ def _copy(
 
     def copy(
         self: Self,
-        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, _In], _Out]] = None,
+        transform: Optional[Callable[[Self, Unpack[Args]], _Out]] = None,
         regenerate_instance_id: bool = False,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> Self:
@@ -201,6 +204,9 @@ def signature(self) -> Signature:
         """Transformer function-like signature"""
 
     def _signature(self, klass: Type, transform_method: str = "transform") -> Signature:
+        if self._signature_override is not None:
+            return self._signature_override
+
         orig_bases = getattr(self, "__orig_bases__", [])
         transformer_args = [
             get_args(base) for base in orig_bases if get_origin(base) == klass
@@ -226,22 +232,52 @@ def _signature(self, klass: Type, transform_method: str = "transform") -> Signat
             }
 
         signature = inspect.signature(getattr(self, transform_method))
-        new_return_annotation = specific_args.get(
-            signature.return_annotation, signature.return_annotation
-        )
-        parameters = list(signature.parameters.values())
-        if len(parameters) > 0:
-            parameter = parameters[0]
-            parameter = parameter.replace(
-                annotation=specific_args.get(parameter.annotation, parameter.annotation)
+        parameters = [
+            parameter.replace(
+                annotation=_specify_types(parameter.annotation, specific_args)
             )
-            parameters = [parameter]
+            for parameter in signature.parameters.values()
+        ]
 
         return signature.replace(
-            return_annotation=new_return_annotation,
+            return_annotation=_specify_types(signature.return_annotation, specific_args),
             parameters=parameters,
         )
 
+    def _pack_call_args(self, args: tuple[object, ...]) -> object:
+        try:
+            param_count = len(self.signature().parameters)
+        except Exception:
+            param_count = 1
+        if param_count <= 1:
+            if len(args) == 0:
+                return _NO_ARGS
+            if len(args) == 1:
+                return args[0]
+            raise TypeError("Transformer expected a single argument")
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            return ()
+        if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], tuple):
+            return args[0]
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
+        return args
+
+    def _unpack_call_args(self, data: object) -> tuple[object, ...]:
+        try:
+            param_count = len(self.signature().parameters)
+        except Exception:
+            param_count = 1
+        if param_count == 0:
+            return ()
+        if data is _NO_ARGS:
+            raise TypeError("Transformer expected a single argument")
+        if param_count == 1:
+            return (data,)
+        if isinstance(data, tuple):
+            return data
+        raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
+
     @property
     def output_type(self) -> Any:
         signature = self.signature()
@@ -256,10 +292,13 @@ def output_annotation(self) -> str:
 
     @property
     def input_type(self) -> Any:
-        parameters = list(self.signature().parameters.items())
-        if len(parameters) > 0:
-            parameter_type = parameters[0][1].annotation
-            return parameter_type
+        parameters = list(self.signature().parameters.values())
+        if len(parameters) == 0:
+            return None
+        annotations = [parameter.annotation for parameter in parameters]
+        if len(annotations) == 1:
+            return annotations[0]
+        return types.GenericAlias(tuple, tuple(annotations))
 
     @property
     def input_annotation(self) -> str:
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_map.py b/gloe/collection/_map.py
index d9cac8b7..21c7019f 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_map.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_map.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-from typing import Generic, TypeVar, Iterable
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar, Iterable, overload, cast
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 
 from gloe.transformers import Transformer
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T", contravariant=True)
 _U = TypeVar("_U", covariant=True)
+Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
 
 
 class Map(Generic[_T, _U], Transformer[Iterable[_T], list[_U]]):
@@ -27,9 +30,25 @@ def get_user_posts(user: User) -> list[Post]: ...
             input iterable the yield the mapped item of the output iterable.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, mapping_transformer: Transformer[_T, _U]):
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: "Map[_T, _U]", mapping_transformer: Transformer[_T, _U]
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: "Map[tuple[Unpack[Args]], _U]",
+        mapping_transformer: Transformer[Unpack[Args], _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mapping_transformer: Transformer[_T, _U] | Transformer[Unpack[Args], _U],
+    ):
         super().__init__()
-        self.mapping_transformer = mapping_transformer
+        self.mapping_transformer = cast(Transformer[_T, _U], mapping_transformer)
         self.plotting_settings.has_children = True
         self._children = [mapping_transformer]
 
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_map_async.py b/gloe/collection/_map_async.py
index b52e0301..d70862f6 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_map_async.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_map_async.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-from typing import Generic, TypeVar, Iterable
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar, Iterable, overload, cast
+
+from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 
 from gloe import AsyncTransformer
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T", contravariant=True)
 _U = TypeVar("_U", covariant=True)
+Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
 
 
 class MapAsync(Generic[_T, _U], AsyncTransformer[Iterable[_T], list[_U]]):
@@ -27,9 +30,26 @@ async def get_user_posts(user: User) -> list[Post]: ...
             input iterable the yield the mapped item of the output iterable.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[_T, _U]):
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: "MapAsync[_T, _U]", mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[_T, _U]
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: "MapAsync[tuple[Unpack[Args]], _U]",
+        mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[_T, _U]
+        | AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _U],
+    ):
         super().__init__()
-        self.mapping_transformer = mapping_transformer
+        self.mapping_transformer = cast(AsyncTransformer[_T, _U], mapping_transformer)
         self.plotting_settings.has_children = True
         self._children = [mapping_transformer]
 
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_mapover.py b/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
index bf2456f9..3fe93f53 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
@@ -1,27 +1,73 @@
-from typing import Generic, Iterable, TypeVar
+from inspect import Parameter, Signature
+from typing import Generic, Iterable, TypeVar, overload, cast, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 
 
 from gloe.transformers import Transformer
 
+Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
+_Head = TypeVar("_Head")
+_Tail = TypeVarTuple("_Tail")
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 _S = TypeVar("_S")
 _U = TypeVar("_U")
 
 
-class MapOver(Generic[_T, _U], Transformer[_T, list[_U]]):
+class MapOver(Generic[Unpack[Args], _U], Transformer[Unpack[Args], list[_U]]):
+    @overload
     def __init__(
-        self,
+        self: "MapOver[_T, _U]",
         iterable: Iterable[_S],
         mapping_transformer: Transformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: "MapOver[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _U]",
+        iterable: Iterable[_S],
+        mapping_transformer: Transformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: Iterable[_S],
+        mapping_transformer: Transformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U]
+        | Transformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
     ):
         super().__init__()
         self.iterable = iterable
-        self.mapping_transformer = mapping_transformer
+        self.mapping_transformer = cast(
+            Transformer[tuple[object, ...], _U], mapping_transformer
+        )
         self.plotting_settings.has_children = True
         self._children = [mapping_transformer]
 
-    def transform(self, data: _T) -> list[_U]:
+    def signature(self) -> Signature:
+        mapping_signature = self.mapping_transformer.signature()
+        params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
+        return_annotation = self._signature(Transformer).return_annotation
+
+        if len(params) == 0:
+            return Signature(parameters=[], return_annotation=return_annotation)
+
+        if len(params) == 1:
+            annotation = params[0].annotation
+            origin = get_origin(annotation)
+            args = get_args(annotation)
+            if origin is tuple and len(args) > 0:
+                annotation = args[0]
+            param = params[0].replace(
+                annotation=annotation,
+                kind=Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+            )
+            return Signature(parameters=[param], return_annotation=return_annotation)
+
+        return Signature(parameters=params[:-1], return_annotation=return_annotation)
+
+    def transform(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> list[_U]:
         lopping_result = []
         for item in self.iterable:
-            lopping_result.append(self.mapping_transformer((data, item)))
+            lopping_result.append(self.mapping_transformer((*data, item)))
         return lopping_result
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py b/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
index 48a05d81..9161b2cd 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
@@ -1,27 +1,75 @@
-from typing import Generic, Iterable, TypeVar
+from inspect import Parameter, Signature
+from typing import Generic, Iterable, TypeVar, overload, cast, get_args, get_origin
+from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 
 from gloe import AsyncTransformer
 
+Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
+_Head = TypeVar("_Head")
+_Tail = TypeVarTuple("_Tail")
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 _S = TypeVar("_S")
 _U = TypeVar("_U")
 
 
-class MapOverAsync(Generic[_T, _U], AsyncTransformer[_T, list[_U]]):
+class MapOverAsync(Generic[Unpack[Args], _U], AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], list[_U]]):
+    @overload
     def __init__(
-        self,
+        self: "MapOverAsync[_T, _U]",
         iterable: Iterable[_S],
         mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self: "MapOverAsync[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _U]",
+        iterable: Iterable[_S],
+        mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: Iterable[_S],
+        mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U]
+        | AsyncTransformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
     ):
         super().__init__()
         self.iterable = iterable
-        self.mapping_transformer = mapping_transformer
+        self.mapping_transformer = cast(
+            AsyncTransformer[tuple[object, ...], _U], mapping_transformer
+        )
         self.plotting_settings.has_children = True
         self._children = [mapping_transformer]
 
-    async def transform_async(self, data: _T) -> list[_U]:
+    def signature(self) -> Signature:
+        mapping_signature = self.mapping_transformer.signature()
+        params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
+        return_annotation = self._signature(
+            AsyncTransformer, "transform_async"
+        ).return_annotation
+
+        if len(params) == 0:
+            return Signature(parameters=[], return_annotation=return_annotation)
+
+        if len(params) == 1:
+            annotation = params[0].annotation
+            origin = get_origin(annotation)
+            args = get_args(annotation)
+            if origin is tuple and len(args) > 0:
+                annotation = args[0]
+            param = params[0].replace(
+                annotation=annotation,
+                kind=Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+            )
+            return Signature(parameters=[param], return_annotation=return_annotation)
+
+        return Signature(parameters=params[:-1], return_annotation=return_annotation)
+
+    async def transform_async(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> list[_U]:
         lopping_result = []
         for item in self.iterable:
-            result = await self.mapping_transformer((data, item))
+            result = await self.mapping_transformer((*data, item))
             lopping_result.append(result)
         return lopping_result
diff --git a/gloe/ensurer/_transformer_ensurer.py b/gloe/ensurer/_transformer_ensurer.py
index ec568771..0e602dcb 100644
--- a/gloe/ensurer/_transformer_ensurer.py
+++ b/gloe/ensurer/_transformer_ensurer.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import inspect
 from abc import abstractmethod, ABC
 from types import FunctionType
-from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Sequence, TypeVar, cast, overload
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar, cast, overload
 
 from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
 
@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.output_ensurers_instances = []
         self._input_data = None
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalize_input(data: tuple[object, ...]) -> Optional[object]:
+        if len(data) == 0:
+            return None
+        if len(data) == 1:
+            return data[0]
+        return data
+
     @overload
     def __call__(self, transformer: Transformer[_U, _S]) -> Transformer[_U, _S]:
         pass
@@ -122,12 +130,13 @@ def _generate_new_transformer(self, transformer: Transformer) -> Transformer:
 
         if isinstance(first_node, Transformer) and len(transformer) == 1:
 
-            def transform(_, data):
+            def transform(_, *data):
+                incoming = self._normalize_input(data)
                 for ensurer in self.input_ensurers_instances:
-                    ensurer.validate_input(data)
-                output = transformer.transform(data)
+                    ensurer.validate_input(incoming)
+                output = transformer.transform(*data)
                 for ensurer in self.output_ensurers_instances:
-                    ensurer.validate_output(data, output)
+                    ensurer.validate_output(incoming, output)
                 return output
 
             return transformer.copy(transform)
@@ -137,11 +146,12 @@ def transform(_, data):
             or len(self.output_ensurers_instances) > 0
         ):
 
-            def transform(_, data):
+            def transform(_, *data):
+                incoming = self._normalize_input(data)
                 for ensurer in self.input_ensurers_instances:
-                    ensurer.validate_input(data)
-                output = first_node.transform(data)
-                self._input_data = data
+                    ensurer.validate_input(incoming)
+                output = first_node.transform(*data)
+                self._input_data = incoming
                 return output
 
             transformer._flow[0] = first_node.copy(transform)
@@ -151,8 +161,8 @@ def transform(_, data):
             and len(self.output_ensurers_instances) > 0
         ):
 
-            def transform(_, data):
-                output = last_node.transform(data)
+            def transform(_, *data):
+                output = last_node.transform(*data)
                 for ensurer in self.output_ensurers_instances:
                     ensurer.validate_output(self._input_data, output)
                 return output
@@ -170,12 +180,13 @@ def _generate_new_async_transformer(
 
         if isinstance(first_node, AsyncTransformer) and len(_flow) == 1:
 
-            async def transform_async(_, data):
+            async def transform_async(_, *data):
+                incoming = self._normalize_input(data)
                 for ensurer in self.input_ensurers_instances:
-                    ensurer.validate_input(data)
-                output = await transformer.transform_async(data)
+                    ensurer.validate_input(incoming)
+                output = await transformer.transform_async(*data)
                 for ensurer in self.output_ensurers_instances:
-                    ensurer.validate_output(data, output)
+                    ensurer.validate_output(incoming, output)
                 return output
 
             return transformer.copy(transform_async)
@@ -186,21 +197,23 @@ async def transform_async(_, data):
         ):
             if isinstance(first_node, AsyncTransformer):
 
-                async def transform_async(_, data):
+                async def transform_async(_, *data):
+                    incoming = self._normalize_input(data)
                     for ensurer in self.input_ensurers_instances:
-                        ensurer.validate_input(data)
-                    output = await first_node.transform_async(data)
-                    self._input_data = data
+                        ensurer.validate_input(incoming)
+                    output = await first_node.transform_async(*data)
+                    self._input_data = incoming
                     return output
 
                 transformer._flow[0] = first_node.copy(transform_async)
             elif isinstance(first_node, Transformer):
 
-                def transform(_, data):
+                def transform(_, *data):
+                    incoming = self._normalize_input(data)
                     for ensurer in self.input_ensurers_instances:
-                        ensurer.validate_input(data)
-                    output = first_node.transform(data)
-                    self._input_data = data
+                        ensurer.validate_input(incoming)
+                    output = first_node.transform(*data)
+                    self._input_data = incoming
                     return output
 
                 transformer._flow[0] = first_node.copy(transform)
@@ -208,8 +221,8 @@ def transform(_, data):
         if len(self.output_ensurers_instances) > 0:
             if isinstance(last_node, AsyncTransformer):
 
-                async def transform_async(_, data):
-                    output = await last_node.transform_async(data)
+                async def transform_async(_, *data):
+                    output = await last_node.transform_async(*data)
                     for ensurer in self.output_ensurers_instances:
                         ensurer.validate_output(self._input_data, output)
                     return output
@@ -218,8 +231,8 @@ async def transform_async(_, data):
 
             elif isinstance(last_node, Transformer):
 
-                def transform(_, data):
-                    output = last_node.transform(data)
+                def transform(_, *data):
+                    output = last_node.transform(*data)
                     for ensurer in self.output_ensurers_instances:
                         ensurer.validate_output(self._input_data, output)
                     return output
diff --git a/gloe/functional.py b/gloe/functional.py
index 21d40aad..4b8090e3 100644
--- a/gloe/functional.py
+++ b/gloe/functional.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 from typing_extensions import Concatenate, TypeVarTuple, Unpack, ParamSpec
 
 from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
-from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
 from gloe.transformers import Transformer
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -65,13 +64,17 @@ def enrich_data(data: Data, enrichment_type: str) -> Data:
 
     def partial(*args: P1.args, **kwargs: P1.kwargs) -> Transformer[A, S]:
         func_signature = inspect.signature(func)
+        parameters = list(func_signature.parameters.values())
+        partial_signature = func_signature.replace(
+            parameters=parameters[:1],
+        )
 
         class LambdaTransformer(Transformer[A, S]):
             __doc__ = func.__doc__
             __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
 
             def signature(self) -> Signature:
-                return func_signature
+                return partial_signature
 
             def transform(self, data: A) -> S:
                 return func(data, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -128,13 +131,17 @@ async def load_data(user_id: int, data_type: str) -> Data:
 
     def partial(*args: P1.args, **kwargs: P1.kwargs) -> AsyncTransformer[A, S]:
         func_signature = inspect.signature(func)
+        parameters = list(func_signature.parameters.values())
+        partial_signature = func_signature.replace(
+            parameters=parameters[:1],
+        )
 
         class LambdaTransformer(AsyncTransformer[A, S]):
             __doc__ = func.__doc__
             __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
 
             def signature(self) -> Signature:
-                return func_signature
+                return partial_signature
 
             async def transform_async(self, data: A) -> S:
                 return await func(data, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -192,28 +199,6 @@ def filter_subscribed_users(users: list[User]) -> list[User]:
     """
     func_signature = inspect.signature(func)
 
-    if len(func_signature.parameters) > 1:
-
-        class LambdaMultiArgsTransformer(Transformer):
-            __doc__ = func.__doc__
-            __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
-
-            def signature(self) -> Signature:
-                return func_signature
-
-            def transform(self, data):
-                if type(data) is tuple:
-                    if len(data) == 1:
-                        raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
-                    return func(*data)
-                raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
-
-        lambda_transformer1 = LambdaMultiArgsTransformer()
-        lambda_transformer1._multi_args = True
-        lambda_transformer1.__class__.__name__ = func.__name__
-        lambda_transformer1._label = func.__name__
-        return cast(Transformer, lambda_transformer1)
-
     class LambdaTransformer(Transformer):
         __doc__ = func.__doc__
         __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
@@ -221,10 +206,10 @@ class LambdaTransformer(Transformer):
         def signature(self) -> Signature:
             return func_signature
 
-        def transform(self, data=None):
+        def transform(self, *data):
             if len(func_signature.parameters) == 0:
                 return func()
-            return func(data)
+            return func(*data)
 
     lambda_transformer2 = LambdaTransformer()
     lambda_transformer2.__class__.__name__ = func.__name__
@@ -273,28 +258,6 @@ async def get_user_by_role(role: str) -> list[User]:
     """
     func_signature = inspect.signature(func)
 
-    if len(func_signature.parameters) > 1:
-
-        class LambdaMultiArgsTransformer(AsyncTransformer):
-            __doc__ = func.__doc__
-            __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
-
-            def signature(self) -> Signature:
-                return func_signature
-
-            async def transform_async(self, data):
-                if type(data) is tuple:
-                    if len(data) == 1:
-                        raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
-                    return await func(*data)
-                raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
-
-        lambda_transformer1 = LambdaMultiArgsTransformer()
-        lambda_transformer1._multi_args = True
-        lambda_transformer1.__class__.__name__ = func.__name__
-        lambda_transformer1._label = func.__name__
-        return cast(AsyncTransformer, lambda_transformer1)
-
     class LambdaAsyncTransformer(AsyncTransformer):
         __doc__ = func.__doc__
         __annotations__ = cast(FunctionType, func).__annotations__
@@ -302,10 +265,10 @@ class LambdaAsyncTransformer(AsyncTransformer):
         def signature(self) -> Signature:
             return func_signature
 
-        async def transform_async(self, data):
+        async def transform_async(self, *data):
             if len(func_signature.parameters) == 0:
                 return await func()
-            return await func(data)
+            return await func(*data)
 
     lambda_transformer = LambdaAsyncTransformer()
     lambda_transformer.__class__.__name__ = func.__name__
diff --git a/gloe/gateways/_parallel.py b/gloe/gateways/_parallel.py
index f390bd4d..3ef54a91 100644
--- a/gloe/gateways/_parallel.py
+++ b/gloe/gateways/_parallel.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def transform(self, data: _In) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
 
 class _ParallelAsync(_base_gateway[_In], AsyncTransformer[_In, tuple[Any, ...]]):
     async def transform_async(self, data: _In) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
-        results = [None] * len(self._children)
+        results: list[object] = [None] * len(self._children)
         indexed_children = list(enumerate(self._children))
 
         async_children = [
diff --git a/gloe/transformers.py b/gloe/transformers.py
index 1c075273..9e4dbcd0 100644
--- a/gloe/transformers.py
+++ b/gloe/transformers.py
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from inspect import Signature
 
-from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Optional, Any, get_args, get_origin, Iterable
+from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Optional, Iterable, TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from typing_extensions import Generic, TypeAlias, Unpack, TypeVarTuple
+from typing_extensions import Generic, TypeAlias, Unpack, TypeVarTuple, Never
 
 from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
 from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow
-from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
 
 from gloe._generic_types import (
     AsyncNext2,
@@ -19,6 +18,9 @@
     AsyncNext7,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from gloe.utils import forward as Forward
+
 __all__ = ["Transformer"]
 
 _O = TypeVar("_O", covariant=True)
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@
 NextArgs = TypeVarTuple("NextArgs")
 
 
-def _execute_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
+def _execute_flow(flow: Flow, arg: object) -> object:
     result = arg
     for op in flow:
         if isinstance(op, Transformer):
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ def _execute_flow(flow: Flow, arg: Any) -> Any:
     return result
 
 
-class Transformer(BaseTransformer[Any, _O], Generic[Unpack[Args], _O], ABC):
+class Transformer(BaseTransformer[Unpack[Args], _O], Generic[Unpack[Args], _O], ABC):
     """
     A Transformer is the generic block with the responsibility to take an input of type
     `T` and transform it to an output of type `S`.
@@ -68,15 +70,9 @@ class Stringifier(Transformer[dict, str]):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
         self.__class__.__annotations__ = self.transform.__annotations__
-        orig_bases = getattr(self, "__orig_bases__", [])
-        transformer_args = [
-            get_args(base) for base in orig_bases if get_origin(base) == Transformer
-        ]
-        if transformer_args and len(transformer_args[0]) > 2:
-            self._multi_args = True
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def transform(self, data: Any) -> _O:
+    def transform(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> _O:
         """
         Main method to be implemented and responsible to perform the transformer logic
         """
@@ -98,12 +94,13 @@ def __repr__(self):
             f" -> {self.output_annotation}"
         )
 
-    def _safe_transform(self, data: Any) -> _O:
+    def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _O:
         transform_exception = None
 
         transformed: Optional[_O] = None
         try:
-            transformed = self.transform(data)
+            args = cast(tuple[Unpack[Args]], self._unpack_call_args(data))
+            transformed = self.transform(*args)
         except Exception as exception:
             transform_exception = catch_transformer_exception(exception, self)
 
@@ -126,18 +123,8 @@ def __call__(
         pass
 
     def __call__(self, *data):
-        if self._multi_args:
-            if len(data) == 1 and type(data[0]) is tuple:
-                data = data[0]
-            elif len(data) == 1:
-                raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
-            return _execute_flow(self._flow, data)
-
-        if len(data) == 0:
-            return _execute_flow(self._flow, None)
-        if len(data) == 1:
-            return _execute_flow(self._flow, data[0])
-        raise TypeError("Transformer expected a single argument")
+        packed = self._pack_call_args(data)
+        return cast(_O, _execute_flow(self._flow, packed))
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
@@ -167,6 +154,12 @@ def __rshift__(
     ) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], O1]:
         pass
 
+    @overload
+    def __rshift__(
+        self, next_node: "Forward[Never]"
+    ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], _O]":
+        pass
+
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
         self, next_node: "Transformer[_O, O1]"
diff --git a/tests/basic/test_basic_transformer_types.py b/tests/basic/test_basic_transformer_types.py
index a03a12be..67ae352d 100644
--- a/tests/basic/test_basic_transformer_types.py
+++ b/tests/basic/test_basic_transformer_types.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 from typing import TypeVar
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
 from typing_extensions import assert_type
 
 from gloe import (
     Transformer,
+    transformer,
     async_transformer,
     AsyncTransformer,
 )
@@ -111,3 +113,21 @@ async def _square(num: int) -> float:
         assert_type(async_pipeline3, AsyncTransformer[int, tuple[float, str]])
         assert_type(async_pipeline4, AsyncTransformer[int, tuple[str, float]])
         assert_type(async_pipeline5, AsyncTransformer[int, str])
+
+    def test_abstract_input_accepts_subclass(self):
+        class Animal(ABC):
+            @abstractmethod
+            def sound(self) -> str:
+                raise NotImplementedError()
+
+        class Dog(Animal):
+            def sound(self) -> str:
+                return "woof"
+
+        @transformer
+        def speak(animal: Animal) -> str:
+            return animal.sound()
+
+        dog = Dog()
+        speak(dog)
+        assert_type(speak, Transformer[Animal, str])
diff --git a/tests/basic/test_transformer_basic.py b/tests/basic/test_transformer_basic.py
index 5c25b117..62fdab76 100644
--- a/tests/basic/test_transformer_basic.py
+++ b/tests/basic/test_transformer_basic.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import re
 import unittest
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from typing import cast
 
 from gloe import (
@@ -49,6 +50,22 @@ def many_args(arg1: tuple[float, float], arg2: float) -> float:
 
         self.assertEqual(graph(3), 81 + 8 + 16.0)
 
+    def test_transformer_accepts_subclass_input(self):
+        class Animal(ABC):
+            @abstractmethod
+            def sound(self) -> str:
+                raise NotImplementedError()
+
+        class Dog(Animal):
+            def sound(self) -> str:
+                return "woof"
+
+        @transformer
+        def speak(animal: Animal) -> str:
+            return animal.sound()
+
+        self.assertEqual(speak(Dog()), "woof")
+
     def test_transformer_hash(self):
         self.assertEqual(hash(square.id), square.__hash__())
 
diff --git a/tests/ensurer/test_transformer_ensurer.py b/tests/ensurer/test_transformer_ensurer.py
index b45ffc92..705b7da0 100644
--- a/tests/ensurer/test_transformer_ensurer.py
+++ b/tests/ensurer/test_transformer_ensurer.py
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def multiply_by_odd_equals_even(n1: int, n2: int) -> int:
     def test_function_ensure(self):
         even_ensurer = ensure(incoming=[is_even])
 
-        def build_divide_by_2_pipeline() -> Transformer[int, float]:
+        def build_divide_by_2_pipeline() -> Transformer[float, float]:
             return divide_by_2
 
         ensured_is_even_pipeline = even_ensurer(build_divide_by_2_pipeline)
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ def test_function_many_ensurers(self):
             incoming=[is_even], outcome=[is_greater_than_10]
         )
 
-        def build_multiply_by_2_pipeline() -> Transformer[int, float]:
+        def build_multiply_by_2_pipeline() -> Transformer[float, float]:
             return times2
 
         ensured_even_and_greater_than_10_pipeline = even_and_greater_than_10_ensurer(
diff --git a/tests/multiargs/test_async_multiargs_transformer.py b/tests/multiargs/test_async_multiargs_transformer.py
index 4f07454b..ad9ad6f9 100644
--- a/tests/multiargs/test_async_multiargs_transformer.py
+++ b/tests/multiargs/test_async_multiargs_transformer.py
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ async def concat(arg1: str, arg2: str) -> str:
     async def test_composition_transform_method(self):
         test1 = sum2 >> async_plus1
 
-        result = await test1.transform_async((5, 3))
+        result = await test1.transform_async(5, 3)
         self.assertIsNone(result)
 
         test2 = sum2 >> (async_plus1, async_plus1)
 
-        result2 = await test2.transform_async((5, 3))
+        result2 = await test2.transform_async(5, 3)
         self.assertIsNone(result2)
 
     async def test_noargs_basic_call(self):
diff --git a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
index 26f4177f..7f6cbd5c 100644
--- a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
+++ b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ def test_diverging_composition(self):
     def test_composition_transform_method(self):
         test1 = sum2 >> plus1
 
-        result = test1.transform((5, 3))
+        result = test1.transform(5, 3)
         self.assertIsNone(result)
 
         test2 = sum2 >> (plus1, plus1)
 
-        result2 = test2.transform((5, 3))
+        result2 = test2.transform(5, 3)
         self.assertIsNone(result2)
 
     def test_single_arg_exception(self):
diff --git a/tests/test_transformer_graph.py b/tests/test_transformer_graph.py
index d115a28d..95668f00 100644
--- a/tests/test_transformer_graph.py
+++ b/tests/test_transformer_graph.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def test_complex_divergent_case(self):
         divergent = (
             square
             >> (
-                plus1 >> if_is_even.Then(square_root).Else(forward()),
+                plus1 >> if_is_even.Then(square_root).Else(forward[float]()),
                 minus1 >> natural_logarithm,
                 times2 >> divide_by_2,
             )
@@ -195,7 +195,9 @@ def aux_last(data: tuple[tuple[float, float], float]) -> float:
         self._assert_graph_has_edges(graph, expected_edges)
 
     def test_simple_conditional_case(self):
-        conditional = square_root >> if_is_even.Then(plus1).Else(forward()) >> minus1
+        conditional = (
+            square_root >> if_is_even.Then(plus1).Else(forward[float]()) >> minus1
+        )
 
         graph: GloeGraph = conditional.graph()
 
@@ -214,7 +216,9 @@ def test_simple_conditional_case(self):
     def test_complex_conditional_case(self):
         then_graph = plus1 >> square >> (times2, divide_by_2) >> sum_tuple2
         conditional = (
-            square_root >> if_is_even.Then(then_graph).Else(forward()) >> minus1
+            square_root
+            >> if_is_even.Then(then_graph).Else(forward[float]())
+            >> minus1
         )
 
         graph: GloeGraph = conditional.graph()
@@ -298,7 +302,9 @@ def test_partial_transformer_case(self):
     def test_nodes_properties_case(self):
         then_graph = plus1 >> square >> (times2, divide_by_2) >> sum_tuple2
         conditional = (
-            square_root >> if_is_even.Then(then_graph).Else(forward()) >> minus1
+            square_root
+            >> if_is_even.Then(then_graph).Else(forward[float]())
+            >> minus1
         )
 
         graph = conditional.graph()
@@ -348,7 +354,7 @@ def test_edge_labels_case(self):
         self._assert_edge_properties(graph, expected_edge_props)
 
     def test_subgraphs(self):
-        nested_transformer = forward[list[int]]() >> Map(square >> square_root)
+        nested_transformer = forward[list[float]]() >> Map(square >> square_root)
         nested_graph = nested_transformer.graph()
         subgraphs = nested_graph.subgraphs
         self.assertEqual(len(subgraphs), 1)
diff --git a/tests/test_transformer_utils.py b/tests/test_transformer_utils.py
index c3ec3cd0..9436fdce 100644
--- a/tests/test_transformer_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_transformer_utils.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 from typing import Union
 
-from gloe import transformer
+from gloe import transformer, Transformer
 from gloe.transformers import _execute_flow
 from gloe.utils import forward, forward_incoming, debug, attach
 from tests.lib.transformers import sum_tuple2, square_root, square
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ def test_tuple(num: float) -> tuple[int, float]:
         )
 
     def test_debug(self):
-        test_debug = forward[int]() >> debug()
+        base: Transformer[int, int] = forward[int]()
+        test_debug: Transformer[int, int] = base >> debug[int]()
 
         result = test_debug(5)
         self.assertEqual(result, 5)

From 55211494d01558b9807a2cd6d3aa532697910cbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erick Lima Trentini <erick.l.trentini@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 19:59:45 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] refactor: clean up imports and improve type hints in
 transformers and async_transformer

---
 gloe/async_transformer.py       | 15 +++++++++++----
 gloe/base_transformer.py        | 13 ++++++++++---
 gloe/transformers.py            | 10 ++++------
 tests/test_transformer_utils.py |  5 ++---
 4 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gloe/async_transformer.py b/gloe/async_transformer.py
index 8ba41d89..7b0de5d5 100644
--- a/gloe/async_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/async_transformer.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from abc import abstractmethod
 from inspect import Signature
-from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Callable, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable
+from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Callable, Optional, Iterable, TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, Generic, TypeVarTuple, Never
+from typing_extensions import Self, Unpack, Generic, TypeVarTuple
 
 from gloe._plotting_utils import PlottingSettings, NodeType
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from gloe.transformers import Transformer
-    from gloe.utils import forward as Forward
 
 __all__ = ["AsyncTransformer"]
 
@@ -154,7 +153,15 @@ def __rshift__(
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: "Forward[Never]"
+        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]",
+        next_node: "Transformer[_Out, _Out]",
+    ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]":
+        pass
+
+    @overload
+    def __rshift__(
+        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]",
+        next_node: "AsyncTransformer[_Out, _Out]",
     ) -> "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]":
         pass
 
diff --git a/gloe/base_transformer.py b/gloe/base_transformer.py
index b202b185..52c7b8aa 100644
--- a/gloe/base_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/base_transformer.py
@@ -208,9 +208,16 @@ def _signature(self, klass: Type, transform_method: str = "transform") -> Signat
             return self._signature_override
 
         orig_bases = getattr(self, "__orig_bases__", [])
-        transformer_args = [
-            get_args(base) for base in orig_bases if get_origin(base) == klass
-        ]
+        transformer_args = []
+        for base in orig_bases:
+            origin = get_origin(base)
+            if origin is None:
+                continue
+            try:
+                if issubclass(origin, klass):
+                    transformer_args.append(get_args(base))
+            except TypeError:
+                continue
         generic_args = [
             get_args(base) for base in orig_bases if get_origin(base) == Generic
         ]
diff --git a/gloe/transformers.py b/gloe/transformers.py
index 9e4dbcd0..1c120309 100644
--- a/gloe/transformers.py
+++ b/gloe/transformers.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from inspect import Signature
 
-from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Optional, Iterable, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Optional, Iterable
 
-from typing_extensions import Generic, TypeAlias, Unpack, TypeVarTuple, Never
+from typing_extensions import Generic, TypeAlias, Unpack, TypeVarTuple
 
 from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
     AsyncNext7,
 )
 
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from gloe.utils import forward as Forward
-
 __all__ = ["Transformer"]
 
 _O = TypeVar("_O", covariant=True)
@@ -156,7 +153,8 @@ def __rshift__(
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
-        self, next_node: "Forward[Never]"
+        self: "Transformer[Unpack[Args], _O]",
+        next_node: "Transformer[_O, _O]",
     ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], _O]":
         pass
 
diff --git a/tests/test_transformer_utils.py b/tests/test_transformer_utils.py
index 9436fdce..c3ec3cd0 100644
--- a/tests/test_transformer_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_transformer_utils.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 from typing import Union
 
-from gloe import transformer, Transformer
+from gloe import transformer
 from gloe.transformers import _execute_flow
 from gloe.utils import forward, forward_incoming, debug, attach
 from tests.lib.transformers import sum_tuple2, square_root, square
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ def test_tuple(num: float) -> tuple[int, float]:
         )
 
     def test_debug(self):
-        base: Transformer[int, int] = forward[int]()
-        test_debug: Transformer[int, int] = base >> debug[int]()
+        test_debug = forward[int]() >> debug()
 
         result = test_debug(5)
         self.assertEqual(result, 5)

From 4a9d6632b043ae4e7593e41ca12ee94ea75830cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erick Lima Trentini <erick.l.trentini@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 23:59:36 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] refactor: enhance multi-argument transformer handling and
 type safety and add a few more tests

---
 gloe/async_transformer.py                     | 12 +++-
 gloe/base_transformer.py                      | 35 ++++++++++-
 gloe/collection/_mapover.py                   | 27 ++++++++
 gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py             | 27 ++++++++
 gloe/functional.py                            |  4 +-
 gloe/transformers.py                          | 12 +++-
 .../collection/test_transformer_collection.py | 24 +++++++
 .../test_transformer_collection_async.py      | 19 ++++++
 .../test_transformer_collection_types.py      | 38 +++++++++++-
 .../test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py       | 20 ++++++
 .../test_multiargs_transformer_types.py       |  2 +-
 tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py         | 62 +++++++++++++++++++
 12 files changed, 271 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py

diff --git a/gloe/async_transformer.py b/gloe/async_transformer.py
index 7b0de5d5..275ed1a8 100644
--- a/gloe/async_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/async_transformer.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 from gloe._plotting_utils import PlottingSettings, NodeType
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
-from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow
+from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow, _NO_ARGS
+from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from gloe.transformers import Transformer
@@ -89,6 +90,13 @@ async def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _Out:
         transformed: Optional[_Out] = None
         try:
             args = cast(tuple[Unpack[Args]], self._unpack_call_args(data))
+        except TransformerRequiresMultiArgs as exception:
+            raise TypeError(self._param_mismatch_message(data)) from exception
+        except TypeError as exception:
+            if data is _NO_ARGS:
+                raise TypeError(self._param_mismatch_message(data)) from exception
+            raise
+        try:
             transformed = await self.transform_async(*args)
         except Exception as exception:
             transform_exception = catch_transformer_exception(exception, self)
@@ -110,7 +118,7 @@ def copy(
         return self._copy(transform, regenerate_instance_id, "transform_async", force)
 
     @overload
-    async def __call__(self: "AsyncTransformer[None, _Out]") -> _Out:
+    async def __call__(self: "AsyncTransformer[_Out]") -> _Out:
         ...
 
     @overload
diff --git a/gloe/base_transformer.py b/gloe/base_transformer.py
index 52c7b8aa..4f0b6bf7 100644
--- a/gloe/base_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/base_transformer.py
@@ -256,7 +256,11 @@ def _pack_call_args(self, args: tuple[object, ...]) -> object:
             param_count = len(self.signature().parameters)
         except Exception:
             param_count = 1
-        if param_count <= 1:
+        if param_count == 0:
+            if len(args) == 0:
+                return _NO_ARGS
+            raise TypeError("Transformer expected no arguments")
+        if param_count == 1:
             if len(args) == 0:
                 return _NO_ARGS
             if len(args) == 1:
@@ -280,11 +284,40 @@ def _unpack_call_args(self, data: object) -> tuple[object, ...]:
         if data is _NO_ARGS:
             raise TypeError("Transformer expected a single argument")
         if param_count == 1:
+            try:
+                params = list(self.signature().parameters.values())
+            except Exception:
+                return (data,)
+            annotation = params[0].annotation if params else None
+            origin = get_origin(annotation)
+            args = get_args(annotation)
+            if origin is tuple:
+                if not isinstance(data, tuple):
+                    raise TypeError(self._param_mismatch_message(data))
+                if args and args[-1] is not Ellipsis and len(args) != len(data):
+                    raise TypeError(self._param_mismatch_message(data))
             return (data,)
         if isinstance(data, tuple):
             return data
         raise TransformerRequiresMultiArgs()
 
+    def _param_mismatch_message(self, data: object) -> str:
+        try:
+            param_count = len(self.signature().parameters)
+        except Exception:
+            param_count = 1
+        if data is _NO_ARGS:
+            got = "no arguments"
+        elif isinstance(data, tuple):
+            got = f"{len(data)} arguments"
+        else:
+            got = "1 argument"
+        expected = self.input_annotation
+        return (
+            f"Transformer parameter mismatch for {type(self).__name__}: "
+            f"expected {param_count} arguments ({expected}), got {got}."
+        )
+
     @property
     def output_type(self) -> Any:
         signature = self.signature()
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_mapover.py b/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
index 3fe93f53..cd8af791 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ def __init__(
         | Transformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
     ):
         super().__init__()
+        self._validate_mapping_transformer(mapping_transformer)
         self.iterable = iterable
         self.mapping_transformer = cast(
             Transformer[tuple[object, ...], _U], mapping_transformer
@@ -44,6 +45,32 @@ def __init__(
         self.plotting_settings.has_children = True
         self._children = [mapping_transformer]
 
+    def _validate_mapping_transformer(
+        self,
+        mapping_transformer: Transformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U]
+        | Transformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        mapping_signature = mapping_transformer.signature()
+        params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
+        if len(params) == 0:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "MapOver mapping transformer must accept extra arguments plus the item."
+            )
+        if len(params) == 1:
+            annotation = params[0].annotation
+            origin = get_origin(annotation)
+            args = get_args(annotation)
+            if origin is not tuple:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "MapOver mapping transformer must accept a tuple of (extra, item). "
+                    "Use Map for single-argument mapping."
+                )
+            if len(args) == 1 and args[0] is not ...:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "MapOver mapping transformer tuple must include the extra argument "
+                    "and the item."
+                )
+
     def signature(self) -> Signature:
         mapping_signature = self.mapping_transformer.signature()
         params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py b/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
index 9161b2cd..8afb2168 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ def __init__(
         | AsyncTransformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
     ):
         super().__init__()
+        self._validate_mapping_transformer(mapping_transformer)
         self.iterable = iterable
         self.mapping_transformer = cast(
             AsyncTransformer[tuple[object, ...], _U], mapping_transformer
@@ -67,6 +68,32 @@ def signature(self) -> Signature:
 
         return Signature(parameters=params[:-1], return_annotation=return_annotation)
 
+    def _validate_mapping_transformer(
+        self,
+        mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U]
+        | AsyncTransformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
+    ) -> None:
+        mapping_signature = mapping_transformer.signature()
+        params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
+        if len(params) == 0:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "MapOverAsync mapping transformer must accept extra arguments plus the item."
+            )
+        if len(params) == 1:
+            annotation = params[0].annotation
+            origin = get_origin(annotation)
+            args = get_args(annotation)
+            if origin is not tuple:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "MapOverAsync mapping transformer must accept a tuple of (extra, item). "
+                    "Use MapAsync for single-argument mapping."
+                )
+            if len(args) == 1 and args[0] is not ...:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "MapOverAsync mapping transformer tuple must include the extra argument "
+                    "and the item."
+                )
+
     async def transform_async(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> list[_U]:
         lopping_result = []
         for item in self.iterable:
diff --git a/gloe/functional.py b/gloe/functional.py
index 4b8090e3..aea03132 100644
--- a/gloe/functional.py
+++ b/gloe/functional.py
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def transformer(
 
 
 @overload
-def transformer(func: Callable[[], S]) -> Transformer[None, S]:
+def transformer(func: Callable[[], S]) -> Transformer[S]:
     pass
 
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ def async_transformer(
 
 
 @overload
-def async_transformer(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[S]]) -> AsyncTransformer[None, S]:
+def async_transformer(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[S]]) -> AsyncTransformer[S]:
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/gloe/transformers.py b/gloe/transformers.py
index 1c120309..bed1111a 100644
--- a/gloe/transformers.py
+++ b/gloe/transformers.py
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 
 from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
-from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow
+from gloe.base_transformer import BaseTransformer, Flow, _NO_ARGS
+from gloe.exceptions import TransformerRequiresMultiArgs
 
 from gloe._generic_types import (
     AsyncNext2,
@@ -97,6 +98,13 @@ def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _O:
         transformed: Optional[_O] = None
         try:
             args = cast(tuple[Unpack[Args]], self._unpack_call_args(data))
+        except TransformerRequiresMultiArgs as exception:
+            raise TypeError(self._param_mismatch_message(data)) from exception
+        except TypeError as exception:
+            if data is _NO_ARGS:
+                raise TypeError(self._param_mismatch_message(data)) from exception
+            raise
+        try:
             transformed = self.transform(*args)
         except Exception as exception:
             transform_exception = catch_transformer_exception(exception, self)
@@ -110,7 +118,7 @@ def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _O:
         raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
 
     @overload
-    def __call__(self: "Transformer[None, _O]") -> _O:
+    def __call__(self: "Transformer[_O]") -> _O:
         pass
 
     @overload
diff --git a/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection.py b/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection.py
index 3084a792..83712917 100644
--- a/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection.py
+++ b/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection.py
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@ def many_args(arg1: str, arg2: int) -> str:
 
         self.assertListEqual(result, ["hello1", "world2"])
 
+    def test_transformer_map_tuple_items(self):
+        mapping = Map(sum_tuple2)
+
+        result = list(mapping([(1.0, 2.0), (3.0, 4.0)]))
+
+        self.assertListEqual(result, [3.0, 7.0])
+
     def test_transformer_map(self):
         """
         Test the map transformer
@@ -79,3 +86,20 @@ def format_user(user: str, role: str) -> str:
                 "User Alice has the role manager_role.",
             ],
         )
+
+    def test_transformer_map_over_multiargs(self):
+        data = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
+
+        @transformer
+        def scale_add(scale: float, offset: float, item: float) -> float:
+            return scale * item + offset
+
+        mapping = MapOver(data, scale_add)
+
+        self.assertListEqual(mapping(2.0, 1.0), [3.0, 5.0, 7.0])
+
+    def test_transformer_map_over_item_only_raises(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
+            MapOver([1.0, 2.0], square)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        self.assertIn("MapOver", str(ctx.exception))
diff --git a/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_async.py b/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_async.py
index 80496ee0..b9206642 100644
--- a/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_async.py
+++ b/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_async.py
@@ -56,3 +56,22 @@ async def test_transformer_async_map_over(self):
         result = list(await mapping(-1.0))
 
         self.assertListEqual(result, data)
+
+    async def test_transformer_async_map_over_multiargs(self):
+        data = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
+
+        @async_transformer
+        async def scale_add(scale: float, offset: float, item: float) -> float:
+            return scale * item + offset
+
+        mapping = MapOverAsync(data, scale_add)
+
+        result = await mapping(2.0, 1.0)
+
+        self.assertListEqual(result, [3.0, 5.0, 7.0])
+
+    async def test_transformer_async_map_over_item_only_raises(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
+            MapOverAsync([1.0, 2.0], async_plus1)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        self.assertIn("MapOverAsync", str(ctx.exception))
diff --git a/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_types.py b/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_types.py
index 8fdc784d..1390f072 100644
--- a/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_types.py
+++ b/tests/collection/test_transformer_collection_types.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 from typing_extensions import assert_type
 
-from gloe import Transformer
-from gloe.collection import Map, Filter
+from gloe import Transformer, transformer, async_transformer
+from gloe.collection import Map, Filter, MapOver, MapOverAsync
 from gloe.utils import forward
-from tests.lib.transformers import format_currency, check_is_even
+from tests.lib.transformers import format_currency, check_is_even, sum_tuple2
 from tests.type_utils.mypy_test_suite import MypyTestSuite
 
 In = TypeVar("In")
@@ -32,3 +32,35 @@ def test_transformer_filter(self):
         mapped_logarithm = forward[list[float]]() >> Filter(check_is_even)
 
         assert_type(mapped_logarithm, Transformer[list[float], list[float]])
+
+    def test_transformer_map_multiargs(self):
+        @transformer
+        def concat(arg1: str, arg2: int) -> str:
+            return arg1 + str(arg2)
+
+        mapping = Map(concat)
+
+        assert_type(mapping, Map[tuple[str, int], str])
+
+    def test_transformer_map_over_tuple_mapping(self):
+        mapping = MapOver([1.0, 2.0], sum_tuple2)
+
+        assert_type(mapping, MapOver[float, float])
+
+    def test_transformer_map_over_multiargs(self):
+        @transformer
+        def scale_add(scale: float, offset: float, item: float) -> float:
+            return scale * item + offset
+
+        mapping = MapOver([1.0, 2.0], scale_add)
+
+        assert_type(mapping, MapOver[float, float, float])
+
+    def test_transformer_async_map_over_multiargs(self):
+        @async_transformer
+        async def scale_add(scale: float, offset: float, item: float) -> float:
+            return scale * item + offset
+
+        mapping = MapOverAsync([1.0, 2.0], scale_add)
+
+        assert_type(mapping, MapOverAsync[float, float, float])
diff --git a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
index 7f6cbd5c..854cb2c1 100644
--- a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
+++ b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
@@ -59,6 +59,14 @@ def concat(arg1: str, arg2: str) -> str:
         with self.assertRaises(TransformerRequiresMultiArgs):
             concat("test")  # type: ignore[call-arg]
 
+    def test_noargs_with_args_exception(self):
+        @transformer
+        def randint() -> int:
+            return 6
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            randint(1)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+
     def test_noargs_basic_call(self):
         @transformer
         def randint() -> int:
@@ -74,3 +82,15 @@ def randfloat() -> float:
         pipeline = randfloat >> (square, square) >> sum_tuple2
 
         self.assertEqual(pipeline(), 72.0)
+
+    def test_composition_param_mismatch(self):
+        @transformer
+        def randint() -> int:
+            return 6
+
+        pipeline = randint >> sum_tuple2  # type: ignore[operator]
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
+            pipeline()
+
+        self.assertIn("parameter mismatch", str(ctx.exception))
diff --git a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py
index a1738960..41c09811 100644
--- a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py
+++ b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_types.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_noargs_transformer(self):
         def randint() -> int:
             return 6
 
-        assert_type(randint, Transformer[None, int])
+        assert_type(randint, Transformer[int])
 
     def test_composition(self):
         @transformer
diff --git a/tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py b/tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4c7b2d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import textwrap
+import unittest
+from mypy import api
+
+
+class TestTypeErrors(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _run_mypy(self, code: str) -> str:
+        stdout, stderr, status = api.run(["-c", textwrap.dedent(code)])
+        self.assertNotEqual(status, 0)
+        return stdout + stderr
+
+    def test_noargs_to_tuple_composition_error(self):
+        output = self._run_mypy(
+            """
+            from gloe import transformer
+
+            @transformer
+            def randint() -> int:
+                return 6
+
+            @transformer
+            def sum_tuple2(num: tuple[float, float]) -> float:
+                return num[0] + num[1]
+
+            randint >> sum_tuple2
+            """
+        )
+
+        self.assertIn("Unsupported operand types for >>", output)
+
+    def test_mapover_item_only_error(self):
+        output = self._run_mypy(
+            """
+            from gloe import transformer
+            from gloe.collection import MapOver
+
+            @transformer
+            def square(num: float) -> float:
+                return num * num
+
+            MapOver([1.0, 2.0], square)
+            """
+        )
+
+        self.assertIn('Argument 2 to "MapOver" has incompatible type', output)
+
+    def test_noargs_called_with_args_error(self):
+        output = self._run_mypy(
+            """
+            from gloe import transformer
+
+            @transformer
+            def randint() -> int:
+                return 6
+
+            randint(1)
+            """
+        )
+
+        self.assertIn(
+            'No overload variant of "__call__" of "Transformer"', output
+        )

From 6356bf1a11562673a66bad42c7d68efdc6f34899 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erick Lima Trentini <erick.l.trentini@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:12:47 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] refactor: streamline argument handling in transformers
 and async transformers by removing overloads

---
 gloe/async_transformer.py                     | 12 +----
 gloe/functional.py                            | 51 +++----------------
 gloe/transformers.py                          | 12 +----
 .../test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py       |  2 +-
 tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py         |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gloe/async_transformer.py b/gloe/async_transformer.py
index 275ed1a8..b25cbd6d 100644
--- a/gloe/async_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/async_transformer.py
@@ -117,17 +117,7 @@ def copy(
     ) -> Self:
         return self._copy(transform, regenerate_instance_id, "transform_async", force)
 
-    @overload
-    async def __call__(self: "AsyncTransformer[_Out]") -> _Out:
-        ...
-
-    @overload
-    async def __call__(
-        self: "AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], _Out]", *data: Unpack[Args]
-    ) -> _Out:
-        ...
-
-    async def __call__(self, *data):
+    async def __call__(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> _Out:
         packed = self._pack_call_args(data)
         return cast(_Out, await _execute_async_flow(self._flow, packed))
 
diff --git a/gloe/functional.py b/gloe/functional.py
index aea03132..bd702527 100644
--- a/gloe/functional.py
+++ b/gloe/functional.py
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
 
 A = TypeVar("A")
 S = TypeVar("S")
-S2 = TypeVar("S2")
 P1 = ParamSpec("P1")
-P2 = ParamSpec("P2")
+Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
 
 
 def partial_transformer(
@@ -154,30 +153,9 @@ async def transform_async(self, data: A) -> S:
     return partial
 
 
-Rest = TypeVarTuple("Rest")
-
-
-B = TypeVar("B")
-
-
-@overload
 def transformer(
-    func: Callable[[A, B, Unpack[Rest]], S],
-) -> Transformer[A, B, Unpack[Rest], S]:
-    pass
-
-
-@overload
-def transformer(func: Callable[[], S]) -> Transformer[S]:
-    pass
-
-
-@overload
-def transformer(func: Callable[[A], S]) -> Transformer[A, S]:
-    pass
-
-
-def transformer(func):
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[Args]], S],
+) -> Transformer[Unpack[Args], S]:
     """
     Convert a callable to an instance of the Transformer class.
 
@@ -208,7 +186,7 @@ def signature(self) -> Signature:
 
         def transform(self, *data):
             if len(func_signature.parameters) == 0:
-                return func()
+                return cast(Callable[[], S], func)()
             return func(*data)
 
     lambda_transformer2 = LambdaTransformer()
@@ -217,24 +195,9 @@ def transform(self, *data):
     return lambda_transformer2
 
 
-@overload
 def async_transformer(
-    func: Callable[[A, B, Unpack[Rest]], Awaitable[S]],
-) -> AsyncTransformer[A, B, Unpack[Rest], S]:
-    pass
-
-
-@overload
-def async_transformer(func: Callable[[], Awaitable[S]]) -> AsyncTransformer[S]:
-    pass
-
-
-@overload
-def async_transformer(func: Callable[[A], Awaitable[S]]) -> AsyncTransformer[A, S]:
-    pass
-
-
-def async_transformer(func):
+    func: Callable[[Unpack[Args]], Awaitable[S]],
+) -> AsyncTransformer[Unpack[Args], S]:
     """
     Convert a callable to an instance of the AsyncTransformer class.
 
@@ -267,7 +230,7 @@ def signature(self) -> Signature:
 
         async def transform_async(self, *data):
             if len(func_signature.parameters) == 0:
-                return await func()
+                return await cast(Callable[[], Awaitable[S]], func)()
             return await func(*data)
 
     lambda_transformer = LambdaAsyncTransformer()
diff --git a/gloe/transformers.py b/gloe/transformers.py
index bed1111a..6a74f9cc 100644
--- a/gloe/transformers.py
+++ b/gloe/transformers.py
@@ -117,17 +117,7 @@ def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _O:
 
         raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
 
-    @overload
-    def __call__(self: "Transformer[_O]") -> _O:
-        pass
-
-    @overload
-    def __call__(
-        self: "Transformer[Unpack[Args], _O]", *data: Unpack[Args]
-    ) -> _O:
-        pass
-
-    def __call__(self, *data):
+    def __call__(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> _O:
         packed = self._pack_call_args(data)
         return cast(_O, _execute_flow(self._flow, packed))
 
diff --git a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
index 854cb2c1..89295750 100644
--- a/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
+++ b/tests/multiargs/test_multiargs_transformer_basic.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def randint() -> int:
             return 6
 
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            randint(1)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+            randint(1)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
 
     def test_noargs_basic_call(self):
         @transformer
diff --git a/tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py b/tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py
index e4c7b2d1..f78eb82b 100644
--- a/tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py
+++ b/tests/type_errors/test_type_errors.py
@@ -58,5 +58,5 @@ def randint() -> int:
         )
 
         self.assertIn(
-            'No overload variant of "__call__" of "Transformer"', output
+            'Too many arguments for "__call__" of "Transformer"', output
         )

From 19af8126c6014487b45f6b652484ee6847d30c19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Erick Lima Trentini <erick.l.trentini@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:21:40 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] refactor: implement validate_mapover_signature utility
 and simplify transformer logic

---
 gloe/async_transformer.py         | 15 +-------
 gloe/collection/_mapover.py       | 31 ++-------------
 gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py | 31 ++-------------
 gloe/collection/_mapover_utils.py | 26 +++++++++++++
 gloe/transformers.py              | 63 +++++++++++++++----------------
 5 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gloe/collection/_mapover_utils.py

diff --git a/gloe/async_transformer.py b/gloe/async_transformer.py
index b25cbd6d..05ab19d0 100644
--- a/gloe/async_transformer.py
+++ b/gloe/async_transformer.py
@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@ def __repr__(self):
         )
 
     async def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _Out:
-        transform_exception = None
-
-        transformed: Optional[_Out] = None
         try:
             args = cast(tuple[Unpack[Args]], self._unpack_call_args(data))
         except TransformerRequiresMultiArgs as exception:
@@ -97,17 +94,9 @@ async def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _Out:
                 raise TypeError(self._param_mismatch_message(data)) from exception
             raise
         try:
-            transformed = await self.transform_async(*args)
+            return await self.transform_async(*args)
         except Exception as exception:
-            transform_exception = catch_transformer_exception(exception, self)
-
-        if transform_exception is not None:
-            raise transform_exception.internal_exception
-
-        if type(transformed) is not None:
-            return cast(_Out, transformed)
-
-        raise NotImplementedError  # pragma: no cover
+            raise catch_transformer_exception(exception, self).internal_exception
 
     def copy(
         self,
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_mapover.py b/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
index cd8af791..d5afe4e5 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_mapover.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 from gloe.transformers import Transformer
+from gloe.collection._mapover_utils import validate_mapover_signature
 
 Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
 _Head = TypeVar("_Head")
@@ -37,7 +38,9 @@ def __init__(
         | Transformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
     ):
         super().__init__()
-        self._validate_mapping_transformer(mapping_transformer)
+        validate_mapover_signature(
+            mapping_transformer.signature(), "MapOver", "Map"
+        )
         self.iterable = iterable
         self.mapping_transformer = cast(
             Transformer[tuple[object, ...], _U], mapping_transformer
@@ -45,32 +48,6 @@ def __init__(
         self.plotting_settings.has_children = True
         self._children = [mapping_transformer]
 
-    def _validate_mapping_transformer(
-        self,
-        mapping_transformer: Transformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U]
-        | Transformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
-    ) -> None:
-        mapping_signature = mapping_transformer.signature()
-        params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
-        if len(params) == 0:
-            raise TypeError(
-                "MapOver mapping transformer must accept extra arguments plus the item."
-            )
-        if len(params) == 1:
-            annotation = params[0].annotation
-            origin = get_origin(annotation)
-            args = get_args(annotation)
-            if origin is not tuple:
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "MapOver mapping transformer must accept a tuple of (extra, item). "
-                    "Use Map for single-argument mapping."
-                )
-            if len(args) == 1 and args[0] is not ...:
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "MapOver mapping transformer tuple must include the extra argument "
-                    "and the item."
-                )
-
     def signature(self) -> Signature:
         mapping_signature = self.mapping_transformer.signature()
         params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py b/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
index 8afb2168..46ca3c0e 100644
--- a/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
+++ b/gloe/collection/_mapover_async.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 
 from gloe import AsyncTransformer
+from gloe.collection._mapover_utils import validate_mapover_signature
 
 Args = TypeVarTuple("Args")
 _Head = TypeVar("_Head")
@@ -36,7 +37,9 @@ def __init__(
         | AsyncTransformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
     ):
         super().__init__()
-        self._validate_mapping_transformer(mapping_transformer)
+        validate_mapover_signature(
+            mapping_transformer.signature(), "MapOverAsync", "MapAsync"
+        )
         self.iterable = iterable
         self.mapping_transformer = cast(
             AsyncTransformer[tuple[object, ...], _U], mapping_transformer
@@ -68,32 +71,6 @@ def signature(self) -> Signature:
 
         return Signature(parameters=params[:-1], return_annotation=return_annotation)
 
-    def _validate_mapping_transformer(
-        self,
-        mapping_transformer: AsyncTransformer[tuple[_T, _S], _U]
-        | AsyncTransformer[_Head, Unpack[_Tail], _S, _U],
-    ) -> None:
-        mapping_signature = mapping_transformer.signature()
-        params = list(mapping_signature.parameters.values())
-        if len(params) == 0:
-            raise TypeError(
-                "MapOverAsync mapping transformer must accept extra arguments plus the item."
-            )
-        if len(params) == 1:
-            annotation = params[0].annotation
-            origin = get_origin(annotation)
-            args = get_args(annotation)
-            if origin is not tuple:
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "MapOverAsync mapping transformer must accept a tuple of (extra, item). "
-                    "Use MapAsync for single-argument mapping."
-                )
-            if len(args) == 1 and args[0] is not ...:
-                raise TypeError(
-                    "MapOverAsync mapping transformer tuple must include the extra argument "
-                    "and the item."
-                )
-
     async def transform_async(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> list[_U]:
         lopping_result = []
         for item in self.iterable:
diff --git a/gloe/collection/_mapover_utils.py b/gloe/collection/_mapover_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a62cf7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gloe/collection/_mapover_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from inspect import Signature
+from typing import get_args, get_origin
+
+
+def validate_mapover_signature(
+    signature: Signature, name: str, map_name: str
+) -> None:
+    params = list(signature.parameters.values())
+    if len(params) == 0:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"{name} mapping transformer must accept extra arguments plus the item."
+        )
+    if len(params) == 1:
+        annotation = params[0].annotation
+        origin = get_origin(annotation)
+        args = get_args(annotation)
+        if origin is not tuple:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{name} mapping transformer must accept a tuple of (extra, item). "
+                f"Use {map_name} for single-argument mapping."
+            )
+        if len(args) == 1 and args[0] is not ...:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{name} mapping transformer tuple must include the extra argument "
+                "and the item."
+            )
diff --git a/gloe/transformers.py b/gloe/transformers.py
index 6a74f9cc..ecde11df 100644
--- a/gloe/transformers.py
+++ b/gloe/transformers.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from inspect import Signature
 
-from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Optional, Iterable
+from typing import TypeVar, overload, cast, Iterable
 
-from typing_extensions import Generic, TypeAlias, Unpack, TypeVarTuple
+from typing_extensions import Generic, Unpack, TypeVarTuple
 
 from gloe.async_transformer import AsyncTransformer
 from gloe._transformer_utils import catch_transformer_exception
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 
 _O = TypeVar("_O", covariant=True)
 
-Tr: TypeAlias = "Transformer"
-
 Item = TypeVar("Item")
 O1 = TypeVar("O1")
 O2 = TypeVar("O2")
@@ -93,9 +91,6 @@ def __repr__(self):
         )
 
     def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _O:
-        transform_exception = None
-
-        transformed: Optional[_O] = None
         try:
             args = cast(tuple[Unpack[Args]], self._unpack_call_args(data))
         except TransformerRequiresMultiArgs as exception:
@@ -107,15 +102,8 @@ def _safe_transform(self, data: object) -> _O:
         try:
             transformed = self.transform(*args)
         except Exception as exception:
-            transform_exception = catch_transformer_exception(exception, self)
-
-        if transform_exception is not None:
-            raise transform_exception.internal_exception
-
-        if type(transformed) is not None:
-            return cast(_O, transformed)
-
-        raise NotImplementedError()  # pragma: no cover
+            raise catch_transformer_exception(exception, self).internal_exception
+        return cast(_O, transformed)
 
     def __call__(self, *data: Unpack[Args]) -> _O:
         packed = self._pack_call_args(data)
@@ -165,21 +153,26 @@ def __rshift__(
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
         self,
-        next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]"],
+        next_node: tuple["Transformer[_O, O1]", "Transformer[_O, O2]"],
     ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
         self,
-        next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]"],
+        next_node: tuple["Transformer[_O, O1]", "Transformer[_O, O2]", "Transformer[_O, O3]"],
     ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3]]":
         pass
 
     @overload
     def __rshift__(
         self,
-        next_node: tuple["Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]", "Tr[_O, O4]"],
+        next_node: tuple[
+            "Transformer[_O, O1]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O2]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O3]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O4]",
+        ],
     ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4]]":
         pass
 
@@ -187,7 +180,11 @@ def __rshift__(
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple[
-            "Tr[_O, O1]", "Tr[_O, O2]", "Tr[_O, O3]", "Tr[_O, O4]", "Tr[_O, O5]"
+            "Transformer[_O, O1]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O2]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O3]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O4]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O5]",
         ],
     ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5]]":
         pass
@@ -196,12 +193,12 @@ def __rshift__(
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple[
-            "Tr[_O, O1]",
-            "Tr[_O, O2]",
-            "Tr[_O, O3]",
-            "Tr[_O, O4]",
-            "Tr[_O, O5]",
-            "Tr[_O, O6]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O1]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O2]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O3]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O4]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O5]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O6]",
         ],
     ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6]]":
         pass
@@ -210,13 +207,13 @@ def __rshift__(
     def __rshift__(
         self,
         next_node: tuple[
-            "Tr[_O, O1]",
-            "Tr[_O, O2]",
-            "Tr[_O, O3]",
-            "Tr[_O, O4]",
-            "Tr[_O, O5]",
-            "Tr[_O, O6]",
-            "Tr[_O, O7]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O1]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O2]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O3]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O4]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O5]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O6]",
+            "Transformer[_O, O7]",
         ],
     ) -> "Transformer[Unpack[Args], tuple[O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7]]":
         pass