Test multistage PETSc image

[fherreazcue]

The current Dockerfile creates images with multistage, in which the image size was reduced deleting things from the compilation folder.
The image needs to be thoroughly tested, and then either remove the _s from the tags added in the gh action, or revert the commits. for the multistage 440d6a5 and f3dfa31.

[fherreazcue]

Some versions of the multistage image that are already built and can be used to test:
3.19.5_gcc13.2.0_s
3.17.5_gcc12.2.0_s
3.17.5_gcc11.3.0_s

[fherreazcue]

The slim version of the damask container (based on 3.19.5_gcc13.2.0_s with DAMASK=3.0.0a7) seems to work, and has further multistage steps to reduce image-size.
This needs testing too (see hpcflow/custom-damask-image#3).