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title: About Gambit
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---
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Gambit is a set of software tools for doing computation on finite,
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noncooperative games. These comprise a graphical interface for
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interactively building and analyzing general games in extensive or
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strategy form; a number of command-line tools for computing Nash
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equilibria and other solution concepts in games; and, a set of file
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formats for storing and communicating games to external tools.
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Gambit is fully-cross platform, and is supported on Linux, Mac OS X,
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and Microsoft Windows.
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Key features of Gambit
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======================
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Gambit has a number of features useful both for the researcher and the
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instructor:
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**Interactive, cross-platform graphical interface.** All Gambit
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features are available through the use of a graphical interface, which
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runs under multiple operating systems: Windows, various flavors of
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Un*x (including Linux), and Mac OS X. The interface offers flexible
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methods for creating extensive and strategic games. It offers an
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interface for running algorithms to compute Nash equilibria, and for
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visualizing the resulting profiles on the game tree or table, as well
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as an interactive tool for analyzing the dominance structure of
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actions or strategies in the game. The interface is useful for the
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advanced researcher, but is intended to be accessible for students
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taking a first course in game theory as well.
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**Command-line tools for computing equilibria.** More advanced
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applications often require extensive computing time and/or the ability
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to script computations. All algorithms in Gambit are packaged as
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individual, command-line programs, whose operation and output are
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configurable.
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**Extensibility and interoperability.** The Gambit tools read and
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write file formats which are textual and documented, making them
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portable across systems and able to interact with external tools. It
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is therefore straightforward to extend the capabilities of Gambit by,
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for example, implementing a new method for computing equilibria,
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reimplementing an existing one more efficiently, or creating tools to
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programmatically create, manipulate, and transform games, or for
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econometric analysis on games.
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Limitations of Gambit
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=====================
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Gambit has a few limitations that may be important in some
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applications. We outline them here.
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**Gambit is for finite games only.** Because of the mathematical
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structure of finite games, it is possible to write many general-
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purpose routines for analyzing these games. Thus, Gambit can be used
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in a wide variety of applications of game theory. However, games that
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are not finite, that is, games in which players may choose from a
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continuum of actions, or in which players may have a continuum of
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types, do not admit the same general-purpose methods.
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**Gambit is for noncooperative game theory only.** Gambit focuses on
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the branch of game theory in which the rules of the game are written
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down explicitly, and in which players choose their actions
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independently. Gambit's analytical tools center primarily around Nash
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equilibrium, and related concepts of bounded rationality such as
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quantal response equilibrium. Gambit does not at this time provide any
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representations of, or methods for, analyzing games written in
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cooperative form. (It should be noted that some problems in
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cooperative game theory do not suffer from the computational
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complexity that the Nash equilibrium problem does, and thus
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cooperative concepts could be an interesting future direction of
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development.)
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**Analyzing large games may become infeasible surprisingly quickly.**
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While the specific formal complexity classes of computing Nash
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equilibria and related concepts are still an area of active research,
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it is clear that, in the typical case, the amount of time required to
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compute equilibria increases rapidly in the size of the game. In other
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words, it is quite easy to write down games which will take Gambit an
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unacceptably long amount time to compute the equilibria of. There are
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two ways to deal with this problem in practice. One way is to better
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identify good heuristic approaches for guiding the equilibrium
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computation process. Another way is to take advantage of known
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features of the game to guide the process. Both of these approaches
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are now becoming areas of active interest. While it will certainly not
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be possible to analyze every game that one would like to, it is hoped
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that Gambit will both contribute to these two areas of research, as
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well as make the resulting methods available to both students and
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practitioners.
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Who built Gambit?
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=================
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Check out the [team page](/team/) on the Gambit website for up-to-date information on the current Gambit development team.
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History
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-------
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The principal developers of Gambit have been:
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