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Install PostmarketOS

First, install Android because usually PostmarketOS is installed over Android.
For example: the installation of PostmarketOS requires the Fastboot communication protocol to flash the partitions.

Note

To install PostmarketOS we also need Ubuntu on the host computer.

Install pmbootstrap:

$ cd $HOME
$ git clone --depth=1 https://gitlab.com/postmarketOS/pmbootstrap.git
$ mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
$ ln -s "$PWD/pmbootstrap/pmbootstrap.py" ~/.local/bin/pmbootstrap
$ source ~/.profile

Configure pmbootstrap (see the PostmarketOS wiki about Lumia 520 and Lumia 720):

$ pmbootstrap init
	device: nokia-fame
	channel: edge
	user interface: console

Note

Currently, I'm not able to use the xfce4 ui due to a fatal error Segmentation fault at address 0x4 when the x11 server starts. Nor the fbkeyboard ui because the console framebuffer in not activated in the kernel.

Build the images which are going to be flashed in the phone:

$ pmbootstrap build device-nokia-fame
$ pmbootstrap build linux-nokia-fame

Activate debug-shell because we will need it for the first boot:

$ pmbootstrap initfs hook_add debug-shell

Now, we are going to copy some files in a FAT32 micro SDcard in case of failure during first start of PostmarketOS.

$ pmbootstrap install
$ pmbootstrap export
$ cd  /tmp/postmarketOS-export
$ sudo partx -a -v nokia-fame.img

The file nokia-fame.img is the image of a disk containing 2 partitions: pmOS_boot and pmOS_root.
The command partx maps this image to a loop device (example /dev/loop16) and each partition on another device (example: /dev/loop16p1 for pmOS_boot and /dev/loop16p2 for pmOS_root).
We mount the partition pmOS_root (change the name of the device loop if necessary):

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/pmOS_root
$ sudo mount -o ro /dev/loop16p2 /mnt/pmOS_root

Put the content of the partition pmOS_root into a tar file, and copy this file in the micro SDcard.

$ sudo tar -czvf rootfs.tar.gz -C /mnt/pmOS_root .

Copy the following binary in the micro SDcard also:
/mnt/pmOS_root/sbin/mkfs.ext4

Power off the phone, and insert the micro SDcard into it.

Power on the phone in fastboot mode (press volume-down during boot).

Flash the partition (and reboot the phone):

$ pmbootstrap flasher flash_rootfs
$ pmbootstrap flasher flash_kernel
$ pmbootstrap flasher boot

Note

If the command pmbootstrap flasher flash_rootfs fails with an error remote: 'Unknown chunk type', then you can still continue the installation process because we will write the root filesystem again later.

Wait for the message on the phone display: WARNING: debug-shell is active.
Then connect to the phone and continue the init process step by step:

$ telnet 172.16.42.1
# . /usr/share/misc/source_deviceinfo
# . /init_functions.sh
# mount_boot_partition /boot
# extract_initramfs_extra /boot/initramfs-extra
# setup_udev
# run_hooks /hooks-extra
# wait_root_partition
# delete_old_install_partition
# resize_root_partition
# unlock_root_partition
# resize_root_filesystem
# mount_root_partition

The mount of the root partition may fail: ERROR: unable to mount root partition!
Check the cause of the problem:

# dmesg

The last logs should be something like the following:

	[  373.041049] JBD2: no valid journal superblock found
	[  373.041049] EXT4-fs (dm-1): error loading journal

We will fix the problem by formatting the root partition without journal and copying the content of the "root file system" into it.
But before that we have to find the UUID of the pmOS_root partition:

# blkid

In the result of the previous command, find a line with the text /dev/mapper/userdata2: LABEL="pmOS_root" and note the value of the UUID.

Now we can format the root partition. Do no forget to use the correct UUID for the parameter -U:

# mkdir /sdcard
# mount /dev/mmcblk1p1 /sdcard
# /sdcard/mkfs.ext4 -O "^metadata_csum,^has_journal" -L pmOS_root -N 100000 -U 875eefec-ef9d-444b-9412-56cbc45ad709 /dev/mapper/userdata2
# mount -o rw /dev/mapper/userdata2  /sysroot
# tar x -zvf /sdcard/rootfs.tar.gz -C /sysroot

Before rebooting the phone, we are going to modify a startup script to avoid a potential freeze (or crash) during the boot:

# vi /sysroot/etc/init.d/udev-trigger

Near the end of the file, modify the line which trigger the adding of all devices:
At the end of the command udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=add
add --attr-nomatch=address=* --attr-nomatch=flags=0x1003
because we don't want to trigger the adding of the device /sys/devices/platform/msm_hsusb/gadget/net/usb0 which has an attribute address with an unknown value and an attribute flags with the value 0x1003.

Terminate the telnet session:

# exit

deactivate the debug-shell:

$ pmbootstrap initfs hook_del debug-shell

And force a reboot of the phone by pressing volume-down + power more than 10 secondes. After the reboot keep the volume-down pressed to boot in fastboot mode.

Flash the initramfs without the debug-shell, then reboot:

$ pmbootstrap flasher flash_kernel
$ pmbootstrap flasher boot

After 2 minutes, the startup logo stops moving.
At this moment you can open a ssh session to the phone.

$ ssh user@172.16.42.1

Note the difference of color between the capture and the real display. I guess there's a problem with the color mode (24bits instead of 32bits).

Note

Not only the first boot is long. The following ones will last the same time.
There is no working graphical ui currently.
But we can still display image in the framebuffer. See example below.

Display an animation:

$ sudo pbsplash -v -b "test framebuffer" -m "LUMIA 520" -s /usr/share/pbsplash/pmos-logo.svg

Listen to events (event0 is the touchscreen):

$ evtest

Enable Internet access using USB (to install new packages on the phone for example):
See https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/USB_Internet
On the host computer (Ubuntu):

$ sudo su
# sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A FORWARD -s 172.16.42.0/24 -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 172.16.42.0/24
# iptables-save
# exit

On the phone:

$ sudo su
# ip route add default via 172.16.42.2 dev usb0
# echo nameserver 1.1.1.1 > /etc/resolv.conf
# exit

Capture screen:

$ sudo apk add fbgrab
$ fbgrab -v /home/user/capture.png