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<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Oracle 10g 手工建库</h1>
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<p>以前在听播布客小布老师视频的时候，学习了手工建库, oacle 创建数据库一般都是使用dbca ，通过脚本建库给自己在创建数据库上多了一种选择。</p>
<h1 id="手工建库步骤"><a href="#手工建库步骤" class="headerlink" title="手工建库步骤"></a>手工建库步骤</h1><ol>
<li>Choose a unique instance and database name</li>
<li>Choose a database character set</li>
<li>Set a operating system variable</li>
<li>Create the initialization parameter file</li>
<li>Start the instance in NOMOUNT stage</li>
<li>Create and Excetue the CREATE DATABASE commond</li>
<li>Run scripts to generate the data dictionary and accomplish post-creation setps</li>
<li>Create addtitional tablespaces as needed</li>
</ol>
<p>1 ) CHOOSE A UNIQUE SID AND DATABASE CHARACTER 和相关目录<br><figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">db_name</span>=<span class="string">'MANUA'</span> CHARACTER <span class="builtin-name">SET</span> ZHS16GBK NATIONAL CHARACTER <span class="builtin-name">SET</span> AL16UTF16</span><br><span class="line">mkdir /oradata/MANUAL</span><br><span class="line">mkdir <span class="variable">$ORACLE_BASE</span>/admin/MANUA</span><br><span class="line">cd MANUA mkdir adump bdump cdump dpdump pfile udump</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>2 ) 用orapwd命令创建密码文件<br><figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">orapwd <span class="attribute">file</span>=<span class="variable">$ORACLE_HOME</span>/dbs/orapwMANUA <span class="attribute">password</span>=MANUA20 <span class="attribute">entries</span>=10</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>注意:需要创建密码文件,否则只能通过操作系统论证,远程Oracle客户端不能连接.</p>
<p>3) 准备环境变量<br> 以下五个为常用<br><figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">exprt <span class="attribute">ORACLE_BASE</span>=/app/oracle</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">ORACLE_HOME</span>=<span class="variable">$ORACLE_BASE</span>/product/10g</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">ORACLE_SID</span>=MANUA</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">ORA_NLS33</span>=<span class="variable">$ORACLE_HOME</span>/ocommon/nls/admin/data</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>=<span class="variable">$ORACLE_HOME</span>/lib:/lib:/usr/lib</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>=<span class="variable">$ORACLE_HOME</span>/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4) 准备初始化参数<br><figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[oracle@standby dbs]$ cat initMANUA.ora</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">audit_file_dest</span>=<span class="string">'/app/oracle/admin/MANUA/adump'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">background_dump_dest</span>=<span class="string">'/app/oracle/admin/MANUA/bdump'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#*.compatible='10.2.0.3.0'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">control_files</span>=<span class="string">'/oradata/MANUA/control01.ctl'</span>,'/oradata/MANUA/control02.ctl','/oradata/MANUA/control03.ctl'</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">core_dump_dest</span>=<span class="string">'/app/oracle/admin/MANUA/cdump'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">db_block_size</span>=8192</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">db_domain</span>=<span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">db_file_multiblock_read_count</span>=16</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">db_name</span>=<span class="string">'MANUA'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">dispatchers</span>=<span class="string">'(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=MANUAXDB)'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">job_queue_processes</span>=10</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">open_cursors</span>=300</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">pga_aggregate_target</span>=103936000</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">processes</span>=150</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">remote_login_passwordfile</span>=<span class="string">'EXCLUSIVE'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">sga_max_size</span>=251225472</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">sga_target</span>=221225472</span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">undo_management</span>=<span class="string">'AUTO'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">undo_tablespace</span>=<span class="string">'UNDOTBS1'</span></span><br><span class="line">*.<span class="attribute">user_dump_dest</span>=<span class="string">'/app/oracle/admin/MANUA/udump'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>5) 创建数据库<br>如果是WINDOWS,用以下命令创建或者删除服务<br><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">oradim -NEW -SID monitor1</span><br><span class="line">oradim -<span class="keyword">DELETE</span> -<span class="keyword">SID</span> OSS</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Startup</span> nomount;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">--create database sql</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">DATABASE</span> CMTT81</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CONTROLFILE</span> <span class="keyword">REUSE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USER</span> <span class="keyword">SYS</span> <span class="keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> CMTT81155</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">USER</span> <span class="keyword">SYSTEM</span> <span class="keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> CMTT81155</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">LOGFILE</span> <span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="number">1</span> (<span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog11'</span>, <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog12'</span>) <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">512</span>M,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="number">2</span> (<span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog21'</span>, <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog22'</span>) <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">512</span>M,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="number">3</span> (<span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog31'</span>, <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog32'</span>) <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">512</span>M,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="number">4</span> (<span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog41'</span>, <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog42'</span>) <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">512</span>M,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="number">5</span> (<span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog51'</span>, <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog52'</span>) <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">512</span>M,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="number">6</span> (<span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog61'</span>, <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rlvredolog62'</span>) <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">512</span>M</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">MAXLOGFILES</span> <span class="number">6</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">MAXLOGMEMBERS</span> <span class="number">5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">MAXLOGHISTORY</span> <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">MAXDATAFILES <span class="number">1000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">MAXINSTANCES</span> <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">CHARACTER</span> <span class="keyword">SET</span> UTF8</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">NATIONAL</span> <span class="built_in">CHARACTER</span> <span class="keyword">SET</span> UTF8</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">DATAFILE</span> <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rCMTT81_system_01.dbf'</span> <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">3130</span>M <span class="keyword">AUTOEXTEND</span> <span class="keyword">OFF</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SYSAUX</span> <span class="keyword">DATAFILE</span> <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rCMTT81_sysaux_01.dbf'</span> <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">3130</span>M <span class="keyword">AUTOEXTEND</span> <span class="keyword">OFF</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">DEFAULT</span> <span class="keyword">TEMPORARY</span> <span class="keyword">TABLESPACE</span> temp</span><br><span class="line"> TEMPFILE <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rCMTT81_temp_01.dbf'</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">5140</span>M <span class="keyword">AUTOEXTEND</span> <span class="keyword">OFF</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">UNDO</span> <span class="keyword">TABLESPACE</span> UNDOTBS1</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">DATAFILE</span> <span class="string">'/dev/vg01/rCMTT81_undo_01.dbf'</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">SIZE</span> <span class="number">10240</span>M <span class="keyword">AUTOEXTEND</span> <span class="keyword">OFF</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>6) 导入数据字典<br><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">@?/<span class="keyword">rdbms</span>/<span class="keyword">admin</span>/<span class="keyword">catalog</span>.<span class="keyword">sql</span>;</span><br><span class="line">@?/<span class="keyword">rdbms</span>/<span class="keyword">admin</span>/<span class="keyword">catproc</span>.<span class="keyword">sql</span>;</span><br><span class="line">@?/<span class="keyword">sqlplus</span>/<span class="keyword">admin</span>/<span class="keyword">pupbld</span>.<span class="keyword">sql</span>; <span class="selector-tag">--system</span> 用户执行</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><img src="/images/oracle_dic.png" alt=""></p>
<h1 id="附一：查自动扩展"><a href="#附一：查自动扩展" class="headerlink" title="附一：查自动扩展"></a>附一：查自动扩展</h1><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">col file_name format a50;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">alter</span> <span class="keyword">database</span> <span class="keyword">datafile</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">autoextend</span> <span class="keyword">off</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">alter</span> <span class="keyword">database</span> <span class="keyword">datafile</span> <span class="number">2</span> <span class="keyword">autoextend</span> <span class="keyword">off</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">alter</span> <span class="keyword">database</span> <span class="keyword">datafile</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="keyword">autoextend</span> <span class="keyword">off</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">alter</span> <span class="keyword">database</span> tempfile <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">autoextend</span> <span class="keyword">off</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">select</span> file_name,file_id,autoextensible ,<span class="keyword">bytes</span>/(<span class="number">1024</span>*<span class="number">1024</span>*<span class="number">1024</span>)G <span class="keyword">from</span> dba_data_files <span class="keyword">where</span> autoextensible=<span class="string">'YES'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">select</span> file_name,file_id,autoextensible,<span class="keyword">bytes</span>/(<span class="number">1024</span>*<span class="number">1024</span>*<span class="number">1024</span>)G <span class="keyword">From</span> dba_temp_files;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="附二：手工建库DBCA找不到解决方法"><a href="#附二：手工建库DBCA找不到解决方法" class="headerlink" title="附二：手工建库DBCA找不到解决方法"></a>附二：手工建库DBCA找不到解决方法</h1><p>vi /etc/oratab<br>加入你手工创建的数据:形如：<br><figure class="highlight elixir"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">MANUA <span class="symbol">:/app/oracle/product/</span><span class="number">10</span><span class="symbol">g:</span>N</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后在运行dbca就能看到了！</p>
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<p style="text-align:left">最后推荐和张文升共同编写的《PostgreSQL实战》，本书基于PostgreSQL 10 编写，共18章，重点介绍SQL高级特性、并行查询、分区表、物理复制、逻辑复制、备份恢复、高可用、性能优化、PostGIS等，涵盖大量实战用例！</p>
<p style="text-align:left">购买链接：<a href="https://item.jd.com/12405774.html">https://item.jd.com/12405774.html</a></p>
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