-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy path20100802210528.html
More file actions
1525 lines (921 loc) · 60.6 KB
/
20100802210528.html
File metadata and controls
1525 lines (921 loc) · 60.6 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="theme-next gemini use-motion" lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#222">
<script async src="//dn-lbstatics.qbox.me/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js">
</script>
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />
<link href="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.css?v=2.1.5" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?v=4.6.2" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="/css/main.css?v=5.1.4" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon.png?v=5.1.4">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/ruolin_bak.jpeg?v=5.1.4">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/ruolin_bak.jpeg?v=5.1.4">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/logo.svg?v=5.1.4" color="#222">
<meta name="keywords" content="备份恢复," />
<link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="PostgreSQL 中文网" type="application/atom+xml" />
<meta name="description" content="一、概述此文档描述了Postgresql数据库备份方案, 当数据库发生崩溃时，如何利用备份恢复到崩溃前，保证数据库最少数据量丢失甚至不丢失； 二、备份恢复原理运用在线备份以及即时恢复(PITR)原理,利用Postgresql 数据库的WAL（Write Ahead Logging ）预写日志和基础备份( $PGDATA目录文件tar包 )，恢复到数据库崩溃前时间点，保证数据量最少丢失或者不丢失">
<meta name="keywords" content="备份恢复">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="PostgeSQL 数据库备份与恢复实验 (PITR)">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://postgres.fun/20100802210528.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="PostgreSQL 中文网">
<meta property="og:description" content="一、概述此文档描述了Postgresql数据库备份方案, 当数据库发生崩溃时，如何利用备份恢复到崩溃前，保证数据库最少数据量丢失甚至不丢失； 二、备份恢复原理运用在线备份以及即时恢复(PITR)原理,利用Postgresql 数据库的WAL（Write Ahead Logging ）预写日志和基础备份( $PGDATA目录文件tar包 )，恢复到数据库崩溃前时间点，保证数据量最少丢失或者不丢失">
<meta property="og:locale" content="zh-Hans">
<meta property="og:updated_time" content="2018-09-04T01:33:45.457Z">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="PostgeSQL 数据库备份与恢复实验 (PITR)">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="一、概述此文档描述了Postgresql数据库备份方案, 当数据库发生崩溃时，如何利用备份恢复到崩溃前，保证数据库最少数据量丢失甚至不丢失； 二、备份恢复原理运用在线备份以及即时恢复(PITR)原理,利用Postgresql 数据库的WAL（Write Ahead Logging ）预写日志和基础备份( $PGDATA目录文件tar包 )，恢复到数据库崩溃前时间点，保证数据量最少丢失或者不丢失">
<script type="text/javascript" id="hexo.configurations">
var NexT = window.NexT || {};
var CONFIG = {
root: '/',
scheme: 'Gemini',
version: '5.1.4',
sidebar: {"position":"right","display":"always","offset":12,"b2t":false,"scrollpercent":true,"onmobile":false},
fancybox: true,
tabs: true,
motion: {"enable":true,"async":false,"transition":{"post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"slideDownIn","post_body":"slideDownIn","coll_header":"slideLeftIn","sidebar":"slideUpIn"}},
duoshuo: {
userId: '0',
author: '博主'
},
algolia: {
applicationID: '',
apiKey: '',
indexName: '',
hits: {"per_page":10},
labels: {"input_placeholder":"Search for Posts","hits_empty":"We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}","hits_stats":"${hits} results found in ${time} ms"}
}
};
</script>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://postgres.fun/20100802210528.html"/>
<title>PostgeSQL 数据库备份与恢复实验 (PITR) | PostgreSQL 中文网</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _hmt = _hmt || [];
(function() {
var hm = document.createElement("script");
hm.src = "https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?848171401a55ef3f26344ab9bfebea10";
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
})();
</script>
</head>
<p align="center" abcd </p>
<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="zh-Hans">
<div class="container sidebar-position-right page-post-detail">
<div class="headband"></div>
<header id="header" class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">
<div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-wrapper">
<div class="site-meta ">
<div class="custom-logo-site-title">
<a href="/" class="brand" rel="start">
<span class="logo-line-before"><i></i></span>
<span class="site-title">PostgreSQL 中文网</span>
<span class="logo-line-after"><i></i></span>
</a>
</div>
<p class="site-subtitle">Francs's blog</p>
</div>
<div class="site-nav-toggle">
<button>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
<span class="btn-bar"></span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<nav class="site-nav">
<ul id="menu" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item menu-item-home">
<a href="/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-home"></i> <br />
首页
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-about">
<a href="/about/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-user"></i> <br />
关于
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-tags">
<a href="/tags/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-tags"></i> <br />
标签
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-categories">
<a href="/categories/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-th"></i> <br />
分类
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-archives">
<a href="/archives/" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-archive"></i> <br />
归档
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-guestbook">
<a href="/guestbook" rel="section">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-comments"></i> <br />
留言
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-search">
<a href="javascript:;" class="popup-trigger">
<i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-search fa-fw"></i> <br />
搜索
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="site-search">
<div class="popup search-popup local-search-popup">
<div class="local-search-header clearfix">
<span class="search-icon">
<i class="fa fa-search"></i>
</span>
<span class="popup-btn-close">
<i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i>
</span>
<div class="local-search-input-wrapper">
<input autocomplete="off"
placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false"
type="text" id="local-search-input">
</div>
</div>
<div id="local-search-result"></div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<main id="main" class="main">
<div class="main-inner">
<div class="content-wrap">
<div id="content" class="content">
<div id="posts" class="posts-expand">
<article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<div class="post-block">
<link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://postgres.fun/20100802210528.html">
<span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<meta itemprop="name" content="francs">
<meta itemprop="description" content="">
<meta itemprop="image" content="/images/francs.png">
</span>
<span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<meta itemprop="name" content="PostgreSQL 中文网">
</span>
<header class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">PostgeSQL 数据库备份与恢复实验 (PITR)</h1>
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-time">
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
<time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2010-08-02T21:05:28+08:00">
2010-08-02
</time>
</span>
<span class="post-category" >
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-folder-o"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
<span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
<a href="/categories/PG备份与恢复/" itemprop="url" rel="index">
<span itemprop="name">PG备份与恢复</span>
</a>
</span>
</span>
<span class="post-comments-count">
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i>
</span>
<a href="/20100802210528.html#comments" itemprop="discussionUrl">
<span class="post-comments-count valine-comment-count" data-xid="/20100802210528.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span>
</a>
</span>
<span id="/20100802210528.html" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="PostgeSQL 数据库备份与恢复实验 (PITR)">
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-icon">
<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>
</span>
<span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数:</span>
<span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span>
</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
<h1 id="一、概述"><a href="#一、概述" class="headerlink" title="一、概述"></a>一、概述</h1><p>此文档描述了Postgresql数据库备份方案, 当数据库发生崩溃时，如何利用备份恢复到崩溃前，保证数据库最少数据量丢失甚至不丢失；</p>
<h1 id="二、备份恢复原理"><a href="#二、备份恢复原理" class="headerlink" title="二、备份恢复原理"></a>二、备份恢复原理</h1><p>运用在线备份以及即时恢复(PITR)原理,利用Postgresql 数据库的WAL（Write Ahead Logging ）预写日志和基础备份( $PGDATA目录文件tar包 )，恢复到数据库崩溃前时间点，保证数据量最少丢失或者不丢失，如果数据库崩溃，我们就可以通过热备产生的备份文件data_bak.tar包 ($PGDATA目录文件tar包)和archive_command产生的WAL及我们自己备份的WAL(pg_xlog)来进行数据库的 recovery 。</p>
<h1 id="三、在线热备"><a href="#三、在线热备" class="headerlink" title="三、在线热备"></a>三、在线热备</h1><p>3.1 配置归档模式<br>配置归档需要编辑postgresql.conf文件，默认与 <code>/usr/local/pgsql/data/</code> 目录下<br>vi <code>$PGDATA/postgresql.conf</code> ，修改以下<br><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">archive_mode</span> = <span class="literal">on</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">archive_command</span> = <span class="string">'cp -i %p /home/postgres/archive/%f </dev/null'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>注意：这里将WAL日志备份到 /home/postgres/archive 目录下,<br>pg_xlog/下的目录下可能还有未备份的数据，需要另外备份, 详见3.7。</p>
<p>3.2 重启动数据库<br><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">pg_ctl</span> –D <span class="variable">$PGDATA</span> stop</span><br><span class="line">pg_ctl –D <span class="variable">$PGDATA</span> sart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>3.3 创建基础备份<br><figure class="highlight ebnf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">postgres</span>=# select pg_start_backup(<span class="string">'bakup_test'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>3.4 备份整个data目录 (tar方式)<br><figure class="highlight awk"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tar cvf <span class="regexp">/database/</span>pgdata<span class="regexp">/tbs1/</span>pg_root<span class="regexp">/base_data.tar /</span>database<span class="regexp">/pgdata/</span>tbs1<span class="regexp">/pg_root/</span>data</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>3.5 停止备份<br><figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">postgres=<span class="comment"># select pg_stop_backup();</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>3.6 切换日志<br><figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">postgres=<span class="comment"># pg_switch_xlog();</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>3.7 定期备份WAL新生成日志<br>如果单独通过archive_command来备份WAL的话, 能根本就做不到PITR, 因为pg_xlog/下面可能还有数据没有备份到archive_command指定的目录里；所以需要另外写脚本把/data/pg_xlog/下的WAL日志文件备份到预设的归档目录下，保证产生的WAL日志都已归档， 这里写了个脚本，每五分钟执行一次</p>
<p>每5分钟备份 (通过Crontab执行)<br><figure class="highlight groovy"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi cp_pg_xlog.sh</span><br><span class="line">cp -f <span class="regexp">/database/</span>pgdata<span class="regexp">/tbs1/</span>pg_root<span class="regexp">/data/</span>pg_xlog<span class="regexp">/[0-9]* /</span>home<span class="regexp">/postgres/</span>archive<span class="regexp">/archive_bak2/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">crontab – e</span><br><span class="line">*<span class="regexp">/5 * * * * /</span>home<span class="regexp">/postgres/</span>script<span class="regexp">/cp_pg_xlog.sh > /</span>dev/<span class="literal">null</span> <span class="number">2</span>>&<span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>3.8 编写备份脚本hot_bak_post.sh (供参考)<br>附件：以上操作可以写个脚本，定时执行，热备脚本为 hot_bak_post.sh ,定时执行写在CRONTABL里，每周六零晨做一次BASE 备份。脚本内容如下，参考<br><figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#!/bin/bash</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">CUR_DATE</span>=`date +%Y%m%d`</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">PGPORT</span>=1921</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">PGHOME</span>=/database/pgdata/tbs1/pg_root</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">PATH</span>=/database/pgdata/tbs1/pg_root/bin:$PATH</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">DATA_BAK_DIR</span>=/home/postgres/archive/data_bak</span><br><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">LOG_PATH</span>=/home/postgres/archive/log</span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">ARCHIVE_LOG</span>=<span class="string">"<span class="variable">${LOG_PATH}</span>/bak_pg_<span class="variable">${CUR_DATE}</span>.log"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">echo <span class="string">"*************** Begin backup ,please wait *************************"</span> |tee -a <span class="variable">${ARCHIVE_LOG}</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">psql -c <span class="string">"select pg_start_backup('backup_test');"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">cd <span class="variable">$PGHOME</span></span><br><span class="line">tar cvf data_<span class="variable">${CUR_DATE}</span>.tar data</span><br><span class="line">mv *.tar <span class="variable">${DATA_BAK_DIR}</span></span><br><span class="line">psql -c <span class="string">"select pg_stop_backup();"</span></span><br><span class="line">psql -c <span class="string">"select pg_switch_xlog();"</span></span><br><span class="line">echo <span class="string">"Backup completed!"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>说明：脚本已经测试，可以实现功能，目前还在完善中。</p>
<h1 id="四、恢复"><a href="#四、恢复" class="headerlink" title="四、恢复"></a>四、恢复</h1><p>如果数据库崩溃，我们就可以使用热备产生的data_bak.tar包(即$PGDATA目录文件tar包)和archive_command产生的WAL及我们自己备份的WAL(pg_xlog)来进行数据库的 recovery，以下实验模拟数据库崩溃时的恢复过程</p>
<p>4.1 创建一张测试表<br><figure class="highlight coq"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">psql -dmydb -Uskytf</span><br><span class="line">mydb=> \d</span><br><span class="line"> List of relations</span><br><span class="line"> Schema | <span class="type">Name</span> | <span class="type">Type</span> | <span class="type">Owner</span></span><br><span class="line">--------+-------------+-------+-------</span><br><span class="line"> skytf | <span class="type">test2</span> | <span class="type">table</span> | <span class="type">skytf</span></span><br><span class="line"> skytf | <span class="type">test_1</span> | <span class="type">table</span> | <span class="type">skytf</span></span><br><span class="line"> skytf | <span class="type">test_3</span> | <span class="type">table</span> | <span class="type">skytf</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mydb=> create table test_backup (id int,remark varchar(<span class="number">32</span>));</span><br><span class="line">CREATE TABLE</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mydb=> insert into test_backup values (<span class="number">1</span> ,'a');</span><br><span class="line">INSERT <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">mydb=> insert into test_backup values (<span class="number">2</span> ,'b');</span><br><span class="line">INSERT <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">mydb=> insert into test_backup values (<span class="number">3</span> ,'c');</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mydb=> select * from test_backup;</span><br><span class="line"> id | <span class="type">remark</span></span><br><span class="line">----+--------</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">1</span> | <span class="type">a</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">2</span> | <span class="type">b</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">3</span> | <span class="type">c</span></span><br><span class="line">(<span class="number">3</span> rows)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.2 停数据库<br><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">pg_ctl</span> –D <span class="variable">$PGDATA</span> stop</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.3 删除data目录<br><figure class="highlight stata"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">cd</span> <span class="variable">$PGDATA</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">rm</span> -rf data</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.4 恢复备份<br><figure class="highlight awk"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tar xvf –f database<span class="regexp">/pgdata/</span>tbs1<span class="regexp">/pg_root/</span>data_bak.tar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.5 修改 pg_hba.conf，避免普通用户服务连接</p>
<p>4.6 清空/data/pg_xlog/目录下所有文件<br><figure class="highlight awk"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rm –r <span class="variable">$PGDATA</span><span class="regexp">/pg_xlog/</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.7 创建/pg_xlog/及其下面的archive_status目录<br><figure class="highlight awk"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir -p <span class="regexp">/database/</span>pgdata<span class="regexp">/tbs1/</span>pg_root<span class="regexp">/pg_xlog/</span>archive_status</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.8 在/data/目录下创建recovery.conf</p>
<p>vi <code>database/pgdata/tbs1/pg_root/data/recovery.conf</code><br>写入以下行<br><figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">restore_command</span> = <span class="string">' cp /home/postgres/archive/%f "%p"'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.9 启动数据库<br><figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">pg_ctl</span> -D <span class="variable">$PGDATA</span> start</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>注意：切正常的话数据库就会自动应用WAL日志进行恢复<br>启动过程如有异常可以查看CSV日志,参数log_directory指定了日志目录（前提是你设置了日志记录功能）；</p>
<p>4.10 查看数据库是否恢复<br><figure class="highlight coq"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mydb=> \d</span><br><span class="line"> List of relations</span><br><span class="line"> Schema | <span class="type">Name</span> | <span class="type">Type</span> | <span class="type">Owner</span></span><br><span class="line">--------+-------------+-------+-------</span><br><span class="line"> skytf | <span class="type">test2</span> | <span class="type">table</span> | <span class="type">skytf</span></span><br><span class="line"> skytf | <span class="type">test_1</span> | <span class="type">table</span> | <span class="type">skytf</span></span><br><span class="line"> skytf | <span class="type">test_3</span> | <span class="type">table</span> | <span class="type">skytf</span></span><br><span class="line"> skytf | <span class="type">test_backup</span> | <span class="type">table</span> | <span class="type">skytf</span></span><br><span class="line">(<span class="number">4</span> rows)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mydb=> select * from test_backup;</span><br><span class="line"> id | <span class="type">remark</span></span><br><span class="line">----+--------</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">1</span> | <span class="type">a</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">2</span> | <span class="type">b</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">3</span> | <span class="type">c</span></span><br><span class="line">(<span class="number">3</span> rows)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>4.11 库分析<br><figure class="highlight ebnf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">vacuumdb -z -d mydb</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>至此，数据已成功恢复！</p>
<h1 id="五、后续工作"><a href="#五、后续工作" class="headerlink" title="五、后续工作"></a>五、后续工作</h1><ol>
<li>清理脚本<br>由于备份的tar包会越来越大，后续可以写些清理脚本，例如只保留最近几个tar包，其它的都删除掉等;</li>
<li>由于WAL日志文件比较大，可以制定删除策略，定期删除备份目录WAL日志。</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div>
<div style="padding: 10px 0; margin: 20px auto; width: 90%; text-align: center;">
<div>
<p style="text-align:left">最后推荐和张文升共同编写的《PostgreSQL实战》，本书基于PostgreSQL 10 编写，共18章，重点介绍SQL高级特性、并行查询、分区表、物理复制、逻辑复制、备份恢复、高可用、性能优化、PostGIS等，涵盖大量实战用例！</p>
<p style="text-align:left">购买链接：<a href="https://item.jd.com/12405774.html">https://item.jd.com/12405774.html</a></p>
<img src="/images/PostgreSQL实战_small.png" alt="PostgreSQL实战" style="margin: 0 auto;" />
</div>
<div>感谢支持！</div>
<button id="rewardButton" disable="enable" onclick="var qr = document.getElementById('QR'); if (qr.style.display === 'none') {qr.style.display='block';} else {qr.style.display='none'}">
<span>打赏</span>
</button>
<div id="QR" style="display: none;">
<div id="wechat" style="display: inline-block">
<img id="wechat_qr" src="/images/webchat.jpg" alt="francs 微信支付"/>
<p>微信支付</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<ul class="post-copyright">
<li class="post-copyright-author">
<strong>本文作者：</strong>
francs
</li>
<li class="post-copyright-link">
<strong>本文链接：</strong>
<a href="https://postgres.fun/20100802210528.html" title="PostgeSQL 数据库备份与恢复实验 (PITR)">https://postgres.fun/20100802210528.html</a>
</li>
<li class="post-copyright-license">
<strong>版权声明： </strong>
本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明出处！
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<footer class="post-footer">
<div class="post-tags">
<a href="/tags/备份恢复/" rel="tag"># 备份恢复</a>
</div>
<div class="post-nav">
<div class="post-nav-next post-nav-item">
<a href="/20100731115100.html" rel="next" title="RedHat Enterprise 5上安装 PostgreSQL">
<i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i> RedHat Enterprise 5上安装 PostgreSQL
</a>
</div>
<span class="post-nav-divider"></span>
<div class="post-nav-prev post-nav-item">
<a href="/20100804172728.html" rel="prev" title="如何查看CPU信息 ?">
如何查看CPU信息 ? <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</article>
<div class="post-spread">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="comments" id="comments">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-toggle">
<div class="sidebar-toggle-line-wrap">
<span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-first"></span>
<span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-middle"></span>
<span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-last"></span>
</div>
</div>
<aside id="sidebar" class="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-inner">
<ul class="sidebar-nav motion-element">
<li class="sidebar-nav-toc sidebar-nav-active" data-target="post-toc-wrap">
文章目录
</li>
<li class="sidebar-nav-overview" data-target="site-overview-wrap">
站点概览
</li>
</ul>
<section class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel">
<div class="site-overview">
<div class="site-author motion-element" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image"
src="/images/francs.png"
alt="francs" />
<p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">francs</p>
<p class="site-description motion-element" itemprop="description"></p>
</div>
<nav class="site-state motion-element">
<div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
<a href="/archives/">
<span class="site-state-item-count">554</span>
<span class="site-state-item-name">文章</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
<a href="/categories/index.html">
<span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
<span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
<a href="/tags/index.html">
<span class="site-state-item-count">56</span>
<span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="feed-link motion-element">
<a href="/atom.xml" rel="alternate">
<i class="fa fa-rss"></i>
RSS
</a>
</div>
<div class="links-of-author motion-element">
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://github.com/francs" target="_blank" title="GitHub">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-github"></i>GitHub</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/527628/francs" target="_blank" title="StackOverflow">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-stack-overflow"></i>StackOverflow</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://weibo.com/u/1992989604" target="_blank" title="新浪微博">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-weibo"></i>新浪微博</a>
</span>
<span class="links-of-author-item">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/francs-tan-13903832/" target="_blank" title="Linkedin">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-linkedin"></i>Linkedin</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="links-of-blogroll motion-element links-of-blogroll-block">
<div class="links-of-blogroll-title">
<!-- modify icon to fire by szw -->
<i class="fa fa-history fa-" aria-hidden="true"></i>
近期文章
</div>
<ul class="links-of-blogroll-list">
<li>
<a href="/20190117151500.html" title="EnterpriseDB: 使用 edbstart and edbstop 启停数据库" target="_blank">EnterpriseDB: 使用 edbstart and edbstop 启停数据库</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/20190116150800.html" title="Hexo: 给博客添加近期文章板块" target="_blank">Hexo: 给博客添加近期文章板块</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/20190116103400.html" title="EnterpriseDB: 无人值守安装" target="_blank">EnterpriseDB: 无人值守安装</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/20190115143600.html" title="EnterpriseDB: 交互式命令行安装" target="_blank">EnterpriseDB: 交互式命令行安装</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/20190107095300.html" title="Hexo: 添加Valine评论(邮件通知、评论列表头像)" target="_blank">Hexo: 添加Valine评论(邮件通知、评论列表头像)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="links-of-blogroll motion-element links-of-blogroll-block">
<div class="links-of-blogroll-title">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-link"></i>
友情链接
</div>
<ul class="links-of-blogroll-list">
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://www.postgres.cn" title="PostgreSQL中文社区" target="_blank">PostgreSQL中文社区</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="https://www.postgresql.org" title="PostgreSQL官网" target="_blank">PostgreSQL官网</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="https://dba.stackexchange.com" title="DBA.stackexchange" target="_blank">DBA.stackexchange</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2012.html" title="Bruce momjian's blog" target="_blank">Bruce momjian's blog</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://www.depesz.com" title="depesz's blog" target="_blank">depesz's blog</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://paquier.xyz" title="Michael Paquier's blog" target="_blank">Michael Paquier's blog</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/README.md" title="德哥博客" target="_blank">德哥博客</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://blog.osdba.net" title="Osdba's blog" target="_blank">Osdba's blog</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://my.oschina.net/Kenyon" title="Kenyon's blog" target="_blank">Kenyon's blog</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://www.brofive.org" title="钱五哥の自由空间" target="_blank">钱五哥の自由空间</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="https://lruihao.cn" title="博採眾長" target="_blank">博採眾長</a>
</li>
<li class="links-of-blogroll-item">
<a href="http://dazuiba.skymobi.cn/" title="魂醉" target="_blank">魂醉</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!--noindex-->
<section class="post-toc-wrap motion-element sidebar-panel sidebar-panel-active">
<div class="post-toc">
<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#一、概述"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">一、概述</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#二、备份恢复原理"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">二、备份恢复原理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#三、在线热备"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">三、在线热备</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#四、恢复"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">四、恢复</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#五、后续工作"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">五、后续工作</span></a></li></ol></div>
</div>
</section>
<!--/noindex-->
</div>
</aside>
</div>
</main>
<footer id="footer" class="footer">
<div class="footer-inner">
<script async src="//dn-lbstatics.qbox.me/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js">
</script>
<div class="copyright">© <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2019</span>
<span class="with-love">
<i class="fa fa-user"></i>
</span>
<span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">francs</span>
</div>
<div class="powered-by">由 <a class="theme-link" target="_blank" href="https://hexo.io">Hexo</a> 强力驱动</div>
<span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
#<div class="theme-info">主题 — <a class="theme-link" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next">NexT.Gemini</a> v5.1.4</div>
<div class="busuanzi-count">
<script async src="https://busuanzi.ibruce.info//busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js"></script>
<span class="site-uv">
<i class="fa fa-user"></i> 博客访客数
<span class="busuanzi-value" id="busuanzi_value_site_uv"></span>
人次
</span>
<span class="site-pv">
<i class="fa fa-eye"></i> 博客访问量
<span class="busuanzi-value" id="busuanzi_value_site_pv"></span>
次
</span>
</div>
<div >
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=33010402003707" style="display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;height:20px;line-height:20px;"><img src="/images/gongan.png" style="float:left;"/>浙公网安备 33010402003707号</p></a><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span><span><a href="http://www.miitbeian.gov.cn">浙ICP备18045927号</a></span>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<div class="back-to-top">
<i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i>
<span id="scrollpercent"><span>0</span>%</span>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(window.Promise) !== '[object Function]') {
window.Promise = null;
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery/index.js?v=2.1.3"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fastclick/lib/fastclick.min.js?v=1.0.6"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery_lazyload/jquery.lazyload.js?v=1.9.7"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.ui.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.1.5"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/utils.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/motion.js?v=5.1.4"></script>