diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 2642d38..0718876 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 jobs:
-  test-tox:
+  lint:
     runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
     steps:
       - name: "Check out code"
@@ -19,29 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: "Test with tox"
         run: |
           tox -e gitlint
-          tox
-
-  test-tf:
-    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
-    steps:
-      - name: "Check out code"
-        uses: "actions/checkout@v6"
-      - name: "Set up OpenTofu"
-        uses: "opentofu/setup-opentofu@v1"
-        with:
-          tofu_version: "${{ matrix.tofu_version }}"
-      - name: "Test configuration"
-        run: |
-          tofu version
-          tofu -chdir=tf init
-          tofu -chdir=tf validate
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: true
-      matrix:
-        tofu_version:
-          - "1.11"
-          - "1.10"
-          - "1.9"
+          tox -e yamllint,markdownlint
 
 name: build
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce52b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+jobs:
+  test-ansible:
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Check out code"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@v6"
+        with:
+          # Checkout a pull request's HEAD commit instead of the merge
+          # commit, so that gitlint lints the correct commit message.
+          ref: "${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}"
+      - name: "Set up Python 3.13"
+        uses: "actions/setup-python@v6"
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: "Install Python dependencies"
+        run: |
+          pip install tox
+      - name: "Test with tox"
+        run: |
+          tox -e ansible${{ matrix.ansible_version }}-lint
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
+      matrix:
+        ansible_version:
+          - "2.20"
+          - "2.19"
+          - "2.18"
+          - "2.16"
+
+  test-tf:
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Check out code"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@v6"
+      - name: "Set up OpenTofu"
+        uses: "opentofu/setup-opentofu@v1"
+        with:
+          tofu_version: "${{ matrix.tofu_version }}"
+      - name: "Test configuration"
+        run: |
+          tofu version
+          tofu -chdir=tf init
+          tofu -chdir=tf validate
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
+      matrix:
+        tofu_version:
+          - "1.11"
+          - "1.10"
+          - "1.9"
+
+name: test
+
+'on':
+  pull_request: {}
+  push: {}
diff --git a/.gitlab-ci.yml b/.gitlab-ci.yml
index cad1b48..a065a4b 100644
--- a/.gitlab-ci.yml
+++ b/.gitlab-ci.yml
@@ -14,10 +14,17 @@ lint:
     - tox -e gitlint
     - tox -e yamllint,markdownlint
 
-test-tox:
+test-ansible:
   stage: test
   script:
-    - tox
+    - "tox -e ansible${VERSION}-lint"
+  parallel:
+    matrix:
+      - VERSION:
+          - "2.20"
+          - "2.19"
+          - "2.18"
+          - "2.16"
 
 test-tf:
   stage: test
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index ccd3d13..8c9e1a5 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -30,6 +30,17 @@ commands =
   ansible-galaxy collection install -r {toxinidir}/ansible/requirements.yaml
   ansible-lint {toxinidir}/ansible/build.yaml {toxinidir}/ansible/teardown.yaml {posargs}
 
+[testenv:ansible{2.16,2.18,2.19,2.20}-lint]
+deps =
+  ansible2.16: ansible-core<2.17
+  ansible2.18: ansible-core<2.19
+  ansible2.19: ansible-core<2.20
+  ansible2.20: ansible-core<2.21
+  ansible-lint
+commands =
+  ansible-galaxy collection install -r {toxinidir}/ansible/requirements.yaml
+  ansible-lint {toxinidir}/ansible/build.yaml {toxinidir}/ansible/teardown.yaml {posargs}
+
 [testenv:ansible-playbook]
 passenv = OS_*
 deps = -r {toxinidir}/ansible/requirements.txt
@@ -37,8 +48,41 @@ commands =
   ansible-galaxy collection install -r {toxinidir}/ansible/requirements.yaml
   ansible-playbook {posargs}
 
+[testenv:ansible{2.16,2.18,2.19,2.20}-playbook-{epoxy,flamingo}]
+passenv = OS_*
+deps =
+  ansible2.18: ansible-core<2.19
+  ansible2.19: ansible-core<2.20
+  ansible2.20: ansible-core<2.21
+  epoxy: openstacksdk<4.5
+  flamingo: openstacksdk<4.8
+commands =
+  ansible-galaxy collection install -r {toxinidir}/ansible/requirements.yaml
+  ansible-playbook {posargs}
+
+[testenv:ansible{2.16}-playbook-{caracal}]
+passenv = OS_*
+deps =
+  ansible2.16: ansible-core<2.17
+  caracal: openstacksdk<3.1
+commands =
+  ansible-galaxy collection install -r {toxinidir}/ansible/requirements.yaml
+  ansible-playbook {posargs}
+
 [testenv:openstack]
 passenv = OS_*
 deps = -r {toxinidir}/heat/requirements.txt
 commands =
   openstack {posargs}
+
+[testenv:openstack-{caracal,epoxy,flamingo}]
+passenv = OS_*
+deps =
+  caracal: python-openstackclient<7.0
+  caracal: python-heatclient<4.0
+  epoxy: python-openstackclient<8.0
+  epoxy: python-heatclient<4.3
+  flamingo: python-openstackclient<8.3
+  flamingo: python-heatclient<5.0
+commands =
+  openstack {posargs}